Genital Mycoplasma infection among Mexican women with systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective To assess the prevalence of genital Mycoplasma spp. among women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to identify factors associated with such infection. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted among patients with SLE and healthy women who attended a hospital in Puebla, Mexico, between July 29, 2014, and January 4, 2015. All participants were aged 18 years or older and sexually active. A structured interview assessed sociodemographic, obstetric, gynecologic, and clinical characteristics. Disease activity was evaluated using the Mexican SLE Disease Activity Index. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the presence of Mycoplasma spp. in genital samples. Results Ureaplasma urealyticum was the only genital mycoplasma detected; it was present in 32 (24.6%) of 130 patients with SLE and 12 (12.8%) of 94 healthy women. Patients with SLE had increased odds of infection (odds ratio 2.120, 95% confidence interval 1.046–4.296). Among patients with SLE, multiparity was more common in those with U. urealyticum infection (P=0.043). Conclusion One‐quarter of women with SLE had genital infection with U. urealyticum. An association was found between infection and multiparity among women with SLE. Ureaplasma urealyticum was frequently detected in the genital tract of Mexican women with systemic lupus erythematosus; infection with this microorganism was associated with multiparity.