Diversification of functional morphology in herbivorous cichlids (Perciformes: Cichlidae) of the tribe Tropheini in Lake Tanganyika
In Lake Tanganyika, several lineages of cichlids have diversified into 200 species. Tribe Tropheini contains the greatest richness of herbivorous species that are classified into four ecomorphs: grazers, browsers, suckers, and pickers. All of these ecomorphs coexist on littoral rocky shores. To reve...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Hydrobiologia 2017-05, Vol.791 (1), p.83-101 |
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| creator | Tada, Shinya Hori, Michio Yamaoka, Kosaku Hata, Hiroki |
| description | In Lake Tanganyika, several lineages of cichlids have diversified into 200 species. Tribe Tropheini contains the greatest richness of herbivorous species that are classified into four ecomorphs: grazers, browsers, suckers, and pickers. All of these ecomorphs coexist on littoral rocky shores. To reveal the differences among species within ecomorphs, we analysed fish shape and functional morphology related to feeding habits, using geometric morphometrics, and measured intestine length. Furthermore, we tested the relationship between genetic and morphological distances. As a result, diversities of functional morphology among ecomorphs, and among species within ecomorphs, were revealed. In grazers, morphological diversity was greatest in jaws and the opening direction of mouth, suggesting that these species have adapted to feed on various substrata. In browsers, intestine length varied among species, indicating that this ecomorph consists of species with various specializations in herbivory. Morphological divergence was found only in the mandible and occlusal facet in grazers. No clear relation was found between morphological and phylogenetic distances in browsers, which are a polyphyletic group, indicating that their traits were acquired by convergence in multiple lineages. Our data suggest that the observed morphological variation among species enable sympatric species to separate their feeding niches. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10750-016-2761-3 |
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Tribe Tropheini contains the greatest richness of herbivorous species that are classified into four ecomorphs: grazers, browsers, suckers, and pickers. All of these ecomorphs coexist on littoral rocky shores. To reveal the differences among species within ecomorphs, we analysed fish shape and functional morphology related to feeding habits, using geometric morphometrics, and measured intestine length. Furthermore, we tested the relationship between genetic and morphological distances. As a result, diversities of functional morphology among ecomorphs, and among species within ecomorphs, were revealed. In grazers, morphological diversity was greatest in jaws and the opening direction of mouth, suggesting that these species have adapted to feed on various substrata. In browsers, intestine length varied among species, indicating that this ecomorph consists of species with various specializations in herbivory. Morphological divergence was found only in the mandible and occlusal facet in grazers. No clear relation was found between morphological and phylogenetic distances in browsers, which are a polyphyletic group, indicating that their traits were acquired by convergence in multiple lineages. 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Tribe Tropheini contains the greatest richness of herbivorous species that are classified into four ecomorphs: grazers, browsers, suckers, and pickers. All of these ecomorphs coexist on littoral rocky shores. To reveal the differences among species within ecomorphs, we analysed fish shape and functional morphology related to feeding habits, using geometric morphometrics, and measured intestine length. Furthermore, we tested the relationship between genetic and morphological distances. As a result, diversities of functional morphology among ecomorphs, and among species within ecomorphs, were revealed. In grazers, morphological diversity was greatest in jaws and the opening direction of mouth, suggesting that these species have adapted to feed on various substrata. In browsers, intestine length varied among species, indicating that this ecomorph consists of species with various specializations in herbivory. Morphological divergence was found only in the mandible and occlusal facet in grazers. No clear relation was found between morphological and phylogenetic distances in browsers, which are a polyphyletic group, indicating that their traits were acquired by convergence in multiple lineages. Our data suggest that the observed morphological variation among species enable sympatric species to separate their feeding niches.</description><subject>Advances in Cichlid Research II</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Cichlidae</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Fish</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Freshwater & Marine Ecology</subject><subject>Genetic diversity</subject><subject>Herbivory</subject><subject>Lakes</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Morphology</subject><subject>Perciformes</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Tropheini</subject><subject>Web browsers</subject><subject>Zoology</subject><issn>0018-8158</issn><issn>1573-5117</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kcFu1DAURSMEEkPpB7CzxKYsUt5zEjthV02hRRqpLNq15fE8T9wm9mBnKs2aH8chLBBS5YWtq3OebN-i-IBwiQDyc0KQDZSAouRSYFm9KlbYyKpsEOXrYgWAbdli074t3qX0CNnpOKyKX9fumWJy1hk9ueBZsMwevZnPemBjiIc-DGF_Ys6znuLWPYcYjokZZ_rB7RK7-EHROBviSOkLWy-xpk_zpKknNkW3JXYfw6En5908Z6OfcqL9XvuTe9LvizdWD4nO_-5nxcO3r_fr23Jzd_N9fbUpTd3UU6mBOG31rgakWqPpOqt50xorQKIgaVpOAFRxQaZFWdWWS44V7Hgl9LbrqrPiYpl7iOHnkdKkRpcMDYP2lJ-ksJWyrTsuZvTjf-hjOMb8I3-oSiC0jcjU5ULt9UDKeRumqE1eOxqdCZ6sy_lV0yBwwZFnARfBxJBSJKsO0Y06nhSCmntUS48q96jmHlWVHb44KbN-T_Gfq7wo_QZu96Cx</recordid><startdate>20170501</startdate><enddate>20170501</enddate><creator>Tada, Shinya</creator><creator>Hori, Michio</creator><creator>Yamaoka, Kosaku</creator><creator>Hata, Hiroki</creator><general>Springer International Publishing</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>RC3</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170501</creationdate><title>Diversification of functional morphology in herbivorous cichlids (Perciformes: Cichlidae) of the tribe Tropheini in Lake Tanganyika</title><author>Tada, Shinya ; 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Tribe Tropheini contains the greatest richness of herbivorous species that are classified into four ecomorphs: grazers, browsers, suckers, and pickers. All of these ecomorphs coexist on littoral rocky shores. To reveal the differences among species within ecomorphs, we analysed fish shape and functional morphology related to feeding habits, using geometric morphometrics, and measured intestine length. Furthermore, we tested the relationship between genetic and morphological distances. As a result, diversities of functional morphology among ecomorphs, and among species within ecomorphs, were revealed. In grazers, morphological diversity was greatest in jaws and the opening direction of mouth, suggesting that these species have adapted to feed on various substrata. In browsers, intestine length varied among species, indicating that this ecomorph consists of species with various specializations in herbivory. Morphological divergence was found only in the mandible and occlusal facet in grazers. No clear relation was found between morphological and phylogenetic distances in browsers, which are a polyphyletic group, indicating that their traits were acquired by convergence in multiple lineages. Our data suggest that the observed morphological variation among species enable sympatric species to separate their feeding niches.</abstract><cop>Cham</cop><pub>Springer International Publishing</pub><doi>10.1007/s10750-016-2761-3</doi><tpages>19</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Advances in Cichlid Research II Biomedical and Life Sciences Cichlidae Ecology Fish Freshwater Freshwater & Marine Ecology Genetic diversity Herbivory Lakes Life Sciences Morphology Perciformes Phylogeny Tropheini Web browsers Zoology |
| title | Diversification of functional morphology in herbivorous cichlids (Perciformes: Cichlidae) of the tribe Tropheini in Lake Tanganyika |
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