Paraspinal Muscle Passive Stiffness Remodels in Direct Response to Spine Stiffness: A Study Using the ENT1-Deficient Mouse
STUDY DESIGN.Basic science study of the relationship between the structural properties of the spine and its surrounding musculature. OBJECTIVE.To determine if an increase in spine stiffness causes an inverse compensatory change in the passive stiffness of the adjacent paraspinal muscles. SUMMARY OF...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Spine (Philadelphia, Pa. 1976) Pa. 1976), 2017-10, Vol.42 (19), p.1440-1446 |
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| container_title | Spine (Philadelphia, Pa. 1976) |
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| creator | Gsell, Kelsey Y. Zwambag, Derek P. Fournier, Dale E. Séguin, Cheryle A. Brown, Stephen H.M. |
| description | STUDY DESIGN.Basic science study of the relationship between the structural properties of the spine and its surrounding musculature.
OBJECTIVE.To determine if an increase in spine stiffness causes an inverse compensatory change in the passive stiffness of the adjacent paraspinal muscles.
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.Intervertebral disc degeneration causes an increase in multifidus passive stiffness; this was hypothesized to compensate for a decrease in spine stiffness associated with disc degeneration. Mice lacking equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) develop progressive ectopic calcification of the fibrous connective tissues of the spine, which affects the lumbar spine by 6 months of age and likely creates a mechanically stiffer spine.
METHODS.Experiments were conducted on 4 groups of mice (n = 8 mice/group)wild-type (WT) and ENT1 knockout (KO) at 2 or 8 months of age. Lumbar spines were removed and tested in cyclic axial compression to determine neutral zone (NZ) length and stiffness. Single muscle fibres and bundles of fibres were isolated from lumbar multifidus and erector spinae, as well as tibialis anterior (a non-spine related control) and tested to determine elastic modulus (passive stiffness).
RESULTS.At 2 months of age, neither spine nor muscle stiffness was different between KO and WT. At 8 months of age, compared to WT the lumbar spines of ENT1 KO mice had a stiffer and shorter NZ, and the paraspinal muscle fibres were less stiff; however, fibre bundles were not different. Additionally, tibialis anterior was not different between KO and WT.
CONCLUSIONS.This work has confirmed that calcification of spinal connective tissues in the ENT1 KO mouse results in a stiffened spine, while the concurrent decrease in muscle fibre elastic modulus in the adjacent paraspinal muscles suggests a direct compensatory relationship between the stiffness of the spine and the muscles that are attached to it.Level of EvidenceN/A |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002132 |
| format | Article |
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OBJECTIVE.To determine if an increase in spine stiffness causes an inverse compensatory change in the passive stiffness of the adjacent paraspinal muscles.
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.Intervertebral disc degeneration causes an increase in multifidus passive stiffness; this was hypothesized to compensate for a decrease in spine stiffness associated with disc degeneration. Mice lacking equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) develop progressive ectopic calcification of the fibrous connective tissues of the spine, which affects the lumbar spine by 6 months of age and likely creates a mechanically stiffer spine.
METHODS.Experiments were conducted on 4 groups of mice (n = 8 mice/group)wild-type (WT) and ENT1 knockout (KO) at 2 or 8 months of age. Lumbar spines were removed and tested in cyclic axial compression to determine neutral zone (NZ) length and stiffness. Single muscle fibres and bundles of fibres were isolated from lumbar multifidus and erector spinae, as well as tibialis anterior (a non-spine related control) and tested to determine elastic modulus (passive stiffness).
RESULTS.At 2 months of age, neither spine nor muscle stiffness was different between KO and WT. At 8 months of age, compared to WT the lumbar spines of ENT1 KO mice had a stiffer and shorter NZ, and the paraspinal muscle fibres were less stiff; however, fibre bundles were not different. Additionally, tibialis anterior was not different between KO and WT.
CONCLUSIONS.This work has confirmed that calcification of spinal connective tissues in the ENT1 KO mouse results in a stiffened spine, while the concurrent decrease in muscle fibre elastic modulus in the adjacent paraspinal muscles suggests a direct compensatory relationship between the stiffness of the spine and the muscles that are attached to it.Level of EvidenceN/A</description><identifier>ISSN: 0362-2436</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1528-1159</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002132</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28240653</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved</publisher><subject>Animals ; Calcinosis - diagnostic imaging ; Calcinosis - metabolism ; Elastic Modulus - physiology ; Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 - metabolism ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - diagnostic imaging ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - metabolism ; Lumbar Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging ; Lumbar Vertebrae - metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Mice, Knockout ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - metabolism ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - pathology ; Paraspinal Muscles - diagnostic imaging ; Paraspinal Muscles - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Spine (Philadelphia, Pa. 1976), 2017-10, Vol.42 (19), p.1440-1446</ispartof><rights>Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3502-2c89f3418d5e492a50a13afab96d525567996bafc171213e3c024c54c4e31733</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28240653$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gsell, Kelsey Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zwambag, Derek P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fournier, Dale E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Séguin, Cheryle A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Stephen H.M.</creatorcontrib><title>Paraspinal Muscle Passive Stiffness Remodels in Direct Response to Spine Stiffness: A Study Using the ENT1-Deficient Mouse</title><title>Spine (Philadelphia, Pa. 1976)</title><addtitle>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</addtitle><description>STUDY DESIGN.Basic science study of the relationship between the structural properties of the spine and its surrounding musculature.
OBJECTIVE.To determine if an increase in spine stiffness causes an inverse compensatory change in the passive stiffness of the adjacent paraspinal muscles.
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.Intervertebral disc degeneration causes an increase in multifidus passive stiffness; this was hypothesized to compensate for a decrease in spine stiffness associated with disc degeneration. Mice lacking equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) develop progressive ectopic calcification of the fibrous connective tissues of the spine, which affects the lumbar spine by 6 months of age and likely creates a mechanically stiffer spine.
METHODS.Experiments were conducted on 4 groups of mice (n = 8 mice/group)wild-type (WT) and ENT1 knockout (KO) at 2 or 8 months of age. Lumbar spines were removed and tested in cyclic axial compression to determine neutral zone (NZ) length and stiffness. Single muscle fibres and bundles of fibres were isolated from lumbar multifidus and erector spinae, as well as tibialis anterior (a non-spine related control) and tested to determine elastic modulus (passive stiffness).
RESULTS.At 2 months of age, neither spine nor muscle stiffness was different between KO and WT. At 8 months of age, compared to WT the lumbar spines of ENT1 KO mice had a stiffer and shorter NZ, and the paraspinal muscle fibres were less stiff; however, fibre bundles were not different. Additionally, tibialis anterior was not different between KO and WT.
CONCLUSIONS.This work has confirmed that calcification of spinal connective tissues in the ENT1 KO mouse results in a stiffened spine, while the concurrent decrease in muscle fibre elastic modulus in the adjacent paraspinal muscles suggests a direct compensatory relationship between the stiffness of the spine and the muscles that are attached to it.Level of EvidenceN/A</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Calcinosis - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Calcinosis - metabolism</subject><subject>Elastic Modulus - physiology</subject><subject>Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 - metabolism</subject><subject>Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - metabolism</subject><subject>Lumbar Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Lumbar Vertebrae - metabolism</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred C57BL</subject><subject>Mice, Knockout</subject><subject>Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - metabolism</subject><subject>Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - pathology</subject><subject>Paraspinal Muscles - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Paraspinal Muscles - metabolism</subject><issn>0362-2436</issn><issn>1528-1159</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkElPHDEQRi0UBMPyD6LIx1yauLz0khthSyQIiBnOLY-7OuPE0z1xdQfBr49HAwjlQHyxXHpfVfkx9h7EEYiq-PTldnokXh0JSm6xCRhZZgCmescmQuUyk1rlu2yP6GeCcgXVDtuVpdQiN2rCHm9stLTynQ38aiQXkN9YIv8H-XTwbdshEb_FZd9gIO47fuojuiGVaNV3hHzo-TTFX-Gf-XF6jM0DvyPf_eDDAvnZ9xlkp9h657Eb-FU_Eh6w7dYGwsOne5_Nzs9mJ1-zy-uLbyfHl5lTRqT9XVm1SkPZGNSVtEZYULa18ypvjDQmL6oqn9vWQQHJASonpHZGO40KCqX22cdN21Xsf49IQ7305DAE22Fao4aykKYUBnRC9QZ1sSeK2Nar6Jc2PtQg6rX0Okmv_5WeYh-eJozzJTYvoWfLCSg3wH0fBoz0K4z3GOsF2jAs_tdbvxFdY0WukiSRfi8EiGxd0uoviEWciQ</recordid><startdate>20171001</startdate><enddate>20171001</enddate><creator>Gsell, Kelsey Y.</creator><creator>Zwambag, Derek P.</creator><creator>Fournier, Dale E.</creator><creator>Séguin, Cheryle A.</creator><creator>Brown, Stephen H.M.</creator><general>Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved</general><general>Copyright Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20171001</creationdate><title>Paraspinal Muscle Passive Stiffness Remodels in Direct Response to Spine Stiffness: A Study Using the ENT1-Deficient Mouse</title><author>Gsell, Kelsey Y. ; Zwambag, Derek P. ; Fournier, Dale E. ; Séguin, Cheryle A. ; Brown, Stephen H.M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3502-2c89f3418d5e492a50a13afab96d525567996bafc171213e3c024c54c4e31733</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Calcinosis - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Calcinosis - metabolism</topic><topic>Elastic Modulus - physiology</topic><topic>Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 - metabolism</topic><topic>Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - metabolism</topic><topic>Lumbar Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Lumbar Vertebrae - metabolism</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred C57BL</topic><topic>Mice, Knockout</topic><topic>Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - metabolism</topic><topic>Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - pathology</topic><topic>Paraspinal Muscles - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Paraspinal Muscles - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gsell, Kelsey Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zwambag, Derek P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fournier, Dale E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Séguin, Cheryle A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brown, Stephen H.M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Spine (Philadelphia, Pa. 1976)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gsell, Kelsey Y.</au><au>Zwambag, Derek P.</au><au>Fournier, Dale E.</au><au>Séguin, Cheryle A.</au><au>Brown, Stephen H.M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Paraspinal Muscle Passive Stiffness Remodels in Direct Response to Spine Stiffness: A Study Using the ENT1-Deficient Mouse</atitle><jtitle>Spine (Philadelphia, Pa. 1976)</jtitle><addtitle>Spine (Phila Pa 1976)</addtitle><date>2017-10-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>42</volume><issue>19</issue><spage>1440</spage><epage>1446</epage><pages>1440-1446</pages><issn>0362-2436</issn><eissn>1528-1159</eissn><abstract>STUDY DESIGN.Basic science study of the relationship between the structural properties of the spine and its surrounding musculature.
OBJECTIVE.To determine if an increase in spine stiffness causes an inverse compensatory change in the passive stiffness of the adjacent paraspinal muscles.
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.Intervertebral disc degeneration causes an increase in multifidus passive stiffness; this was hypothesized to compensate for a decrease in spine stiffness associated with disc degeneration. Mice lacking equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) develop progressive ectopic calcification of the fibrous connective tissues of the spine, which affects the lumbar spine by 6 months of age and likely creates a mechanically stiffer spine.
METHODS.Experiments were conducted on 4 groups of mice (n = 8 mice/group)wild-type (WT) and ENT1 knockout (KO) at 2 or 8 months of age. Lumbar spines were removed and tested in cyclic axial compression to determine neutral zone (NZ) length and stiffness. Single muscle fibres and bundles of fibres were isolated from lumbar multifidus and erector spinae, as well as tibialis anterior (a non-spine related control) and tested to determine elastic modulus (passive stiffness).
RESULTS.At 2 months of age, neither spine nor muscle stiffness was different between KO and WT. At 8 months of age, compared to WT the lumbar spines of ENT1 KO mice had a stiffer and shorter NZ, and the paraspinal muscle fibres were less stiff; however, fibre bundles were not different. Additionally, tibialis anterior was not different between KO and WT.
CONCLUSIONS.This work has confirmed that calcification of spinal connective tissues in the ENT1 KO mouse results in a stiffened spine, while the concurrent decrease in muscle fibre elastic modulus in the adjacent paraspinal muscles suggests a direct compensatory relationship between the stiffness of the spine and the muscles that are attached to it.Level of EvidenceN/A</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved</pub><pmid>28240653</pmid><doi>10.1097/BRS.0000000000002132</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Calcinosis - diagnostic imaging Calcinosis - metabolism Elastic Modulus - physiology Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 - metabolism Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - diagnostic imaging Intervertebral Disc Degeneration - metabolism Lumbar Vertebrae - diagnostic imaging Lumbar Vertebrae - metabolism Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Mice, Knockout Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - metabolism Muscle Fibers, Skeletal - pathology Paraspinal Muscles - diagnostic imaging Paraspinal Muscles - metabolism |
| title | Paraspinal Muscle Passive Stiffness Remodels in Direct Response to Spine Stiffness: A Study Using the ENT1-Deficient Mouse |
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