Cardiovascular consequences of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex: effects of age and sex
With inspiratory muscle metaboreflex activation, we hypothesized that, compared with their younger counterparts, older men and women would exhibit greater ) increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and limb vascular resistance (LVR) and ) decreases in limb blood flow (Q̇ ) but ) no sex differences...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology 2017-05, Vol.312 (5), p.H1013-H1020 |
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| creator | Smith, Joshua R Alexander, Andrew M Hammer, Shane M Didier, Kaylin D Kurti, Stephanie P Broxterman, Ryan M Barstow, Thomas J Harms, Craig A |
| description | With inspiratory muscle metaboreflex activation, we hypothesized that, compared with their younger counterparts, older men and women would exhibit greater
) increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and limb vascular resistance (LVR) and
) decreases in limb blood flow (Q̇
) but
) no sex differences would be present in older adults. Sixteen young adults [8 young men (YM) and 8 young women (YW), 18-24 yr] and 16 older adults [8 older men (OM) and 8 older women (OW), 60-73 yr] performed inspiratory resistive breathing tasks (IRBTs) at 2% and 65% of their maximal inspiratory pressure. During the IRBTs, breathing frequency was 20 breaths/min with a 50% duty cycle. At baseline and during the IRBTs, MAP was measured via automated oscillometry, Q̇
was determined via Doppler ultrasound, and LVR was calculated. The 65% IRBT led to significantly greater increases in MAP in OW (15.9 ± 8.1 mmHg) compared with YW (6.9 ± 1.4 mmHg) but not (
> 0.05) between OM (12.3 ± 5.7 mmHg) and YM (10.8 ± 5.7 mmHg). OW (-20.2 ± 7.2%) had greater (
< 0.05) decreases in Q̇
compared with YW (-9.4 ± 10.2%), but no significant differences were present between OM (-22.8 ± 9.7%) and YM (-22.7 ± 11.3%) during the 65% IRBT. The 65% IRBT led to greater (
< 0.05) increases in LVR in OW (48.2 ± 25.5%) compared with YW (19.7 ± 15.0%), but no differences (
> 0.05) existed among OM (54.4 ± 17.8%) and YM (47.1 ± 23.3%). No significant differences were present in MAP, Q̇
, or LVR between OM and OW. These data suggest that OW exhibit a greater inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with YW, whereas no differences between OM and YM existed. Finally, sex differences in the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex are not present in older adults.
Premenopausal women exhibit an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with young men; however, it is unknown whether these sex differences are present in older adults. Older women exhibited a greater inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with premenopausal women, whereas no differences were present between older and younger men. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1152/ajpheart.00818.2016 |
| format | Article |
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) increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and limb vascular resistance (LVR) and
) decreases in limb blood flow (Q̇
) but
) no sex differences would be present in older adults. Sixteen young adults [8 young men (YM) and 8 young women (YW), 18-24 yr] and 16 older adults [8 older men (OM) and 8 older women (OW), 60-73 yr] performed inspiratory resistive breathing tasks (IRBTs) at 2% and 65% of their maximal inspiratory pressure. During the IRBTs, breathing frequency was 20 breaths/min with a 50% duty cycle. At baseline and during the IRBTs, MAP was measured via automated oscillometry, Q̇
was determined via Doppler ultrasound, and LVR was calculated. The 65% IRBT led to significantly greater increases in MAP in OW (15.9 ± 8.1 mmHg) compared with YW (6.9 ± 1.4 mmHg) but not (
> 0.05) between OM (12.3 ± 5.7 mmHg) and YM (10.8 ± 5.7 mmHg). OW (-20.2 ± 7.2%) had greater (
< 0.05) decreases in Q̇
compared with YW (-9.4 ± 10.2%), but no significant differences were present between OM (-22.8 ± 9.7%) and YM (-22.7 ± 11.3%) during the 65% IRBT. The 65% IRBT led to greater (
< 0.05) increases in LVR in OW (48.2 ± 25.5%) compared with YW (19.7 ± 15.0%), but no differences (
> 0.05) existed among OM (54.4 ± 17.8%) and YM (47.1 ± 23.3%). No significant differences were present in MAP, Q̇
, or LVR between OM and OW. These data suggest that OW exhibit a greater inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with YW, whereas no differences between OM and YM existed. Finally, sex differences in the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex are not present in older adults.
Premenopausal women exhibit an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with young men; however, it is unknown whether these sex differences are present in older adults. Older women exhibited a greater inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with premenopausal women, whereas no differences were present between older and younger men.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0363-6135</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1522-1539</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00818.2016</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28235792</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Physiological Society</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Adults ; Age factors ; Aged ; Aging ; Arterial Pressure ; Blood flow ; Blood pressure ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Cardiovascular system ; Extremities - blood supply ; Female ; Gender aspects ; Gender differences ; Humans ; Lung - physiology ; Male ; Men ; Middle Aged ; Muscles ; Older people ; Regional Blood Flow - physiology ; Respiratory Muscles - growth & development ; Respiratory Muscles - physiology ; Sex ; Sex Characteristics ; Ultrasonic imaging ; Vascular Resistance - physiology ; Women ; Young Adult ; Young adults</subject><ispartof>American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology, 2017-05, Vol.312 (5), p.H1013-H1020</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.</rights><rights>Copyright American Physiological Society May 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c444t-a01cb20101b0d0c33d2f091e054a3527d7563b4e318a12bebac35a27fa3b85153</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c444t-a01cb20101b0d0c33d2f091e054a3527d7563b4e318a12bebac35a27fa3b85153</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-4803-9054 ; 0000-0002-3687-6261</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3039,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28235792$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Smith, Joshua R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alexander, Andrew M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hammer, Shane M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Didier, Kaylin D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kurti, Stephanie P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Broxterman, Ryan M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barstow, Thomas J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harms, Craig A</creatorcontrib><title>Cardiovascular consequences of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex: effects of age and sex</title><title>American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology</title><addtitle>Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol</addtitle><description>With inspiratory muscle metaboreflex activation, we hypothesized that, compared with their younger counterparts, older men and women would exhibit greater
) increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and limb vascular resistance (LVR) and
) decreases in limb blood flow (Q̇
) but
) no sex differences would be present in older adults. Sixteen young adults [8 young men (YM) and 8 young women (YW), 18-24 yr] and 16 older adults [8 older men (OM) and 8 older women (OW), 60-73 yr] performed inspiratory resistive breathing tasks (IRBTs) at 2% and 65% of their maximal inspiratory pressure. During the IRBTs, breathing frequency was 20 breaths/min with a 50% duty cycle. At baseline and during the IRBTs, MAP was measured via automated oscillometry, Q̇
was determined via Doppler ultrasound, and LVR was calculated. The 65% IRBT led to significantly greater increases in MAP in OW (15.9 ± 8.1 mmHg) compared with YW (6.9 ± 1.4 mmHg) but not (
> 0.05) between OM (12.3 ± 5.7 mmHg) and YM (10.8 ± 5.7 mmHg). OW (-20.2 ± 7.2%) had greater (
< 0.05) decreases in Q̇
compared with YW (-9.4 ± 10.2%), but no significant differences were present between OM (-22.8 ± 9.7%) and YM (-22.7 ± 11.3%) during the 65% IRBT. The 65% IRBT led to greater (
< 0.05) increases in LVR in OW (48.2 ± 25.5%) compared with YW (19.7 ± 15.0%), but no differences (
> 0.05) existed among OM (54.4 ± 17.8%) and YM (47.1 ± 23.3%). No significant differences were present in MAP, Q̇
, or LVR between OM and OW. These data suggest that OW exhibit a greater inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with YW, whereas no differences between OM and YM existed. Finally, sex differences in the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex are not present in older adults.
Premenopausal women exhibit an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with young men; however, it is unknown whether these sex differences are present in older adults. Older women exhibited a greater inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with premenopausal women, whereas no differences were present between older and younger men.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Age factors</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Arterial Pressure</subject><subject>Blood flow</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Cardiovascular system</subject><subject>Extremities - blood supply</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender aspects</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Lung - physiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Men</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Muscles</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Regional Blood Flow - physiology</subject><subject>Respiratory Muscles - growth & development</subject><subject>Respiratory Muscles - physiology</subject><subject>Sex</subject><subject>Sex Characteristics</subject><subject>Ultrasonic imaging</subject><subject>Vascular Resistance - physiology</subject><subject>Women</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><subject>Young adults</subject><issn>0363-6135</issn><issn>1522-1539</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkLtOxDAQRS0EgmXhC5CQJRqaLGM7zoMOrXhJSDTQ0FgTZwJZJfFiJwj-HrM8Cqop5szo3sPYkYCFEFqe4Wr9QujHBUAhioUEkW2xWdzIRGhVbrMZqEwlmVB6j-2HsAIAnWdql-3JQiqdl3LGnpbo69a9YbBTh55bNwR6nWiwFLhr-PhCvB3CuvU4Ov_B-ynYjnhPI1bOU9PR-zmnpiE7bnh8Jo5DzQO9H7CdBrtAhz9zzh6vLh-WN8nd_fXt8uIusWmajgmCsFUMD6KCGqxStWygFAQ6RaVlXuc6U1VKShQoZEUVWqVR5g2qqtCx6Zydfv9dexeTh9H0bbDUdTiQm4IRRS5j77SEiJ78Q1du8kNMZ0QJEspMahkp9U1Z70KIJc3atz36DyPAfKk3v-rNRr35Uh-vjn9-T1VP9d_Nr2v1CQVigTI</recordid><startdate>20170501</startdate><enddate>20170501</enddate><creator>Smith, Joshua R</creator><creator>Alexander, Andrew M</creator><creator>Hammer, Shane M</creator><creator>Didier, Kaylin D</creator><creator>Kurti, Stephanie P</creator><creator>Broxterman, Ryan M</creator><creator>Barstow, Thomas J</creator><creator>Harms, Craig A</creator><general>American Physiological Society</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4803-9054</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3687-6261</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20170501</creationdate><title>Cardiovascular consequences of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex: effects of age and sex</title><author>Smith, Joshua R ; Alexander, Andrew M ; Hammer, Shane M ; Didier, Kaylin D ; Kurti, Stephanie P ; Broxterman, Ryan M ; Barstow, Thomas J ; Harms, Craig A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c444t-a01cb20101b0d0c33d2f091e054a3527d7563b4e318a12bebac35a27fa3b85153</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Age factors</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Arterial Pressure</topic><topic>Blood flow</topic><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena</topic><topic>Cardiovascular system</topic><topic>Extremities - blood supply</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender aspects</topic><topic>Gender differences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Lung - physiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Men</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Muscles</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Regional Blood Flow - physiology</topic><topic>Respiratory Muscles - growth & development</topic><topic>Respiratory Muscles - physiology</topic><topic>Sex</topic><topic>Sex Characteristics</topic><topic>Ultrasonic imaging</topic><topic>Vascular Resistance - physiology</topic><topic>Women</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><topic>Young adults</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Smith, Joshua R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alexander, Andrew M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hammer, Shane M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Didier, Kaylin D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kurti, Stephanie P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Broxterman, Ryan M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barstow, Thomas J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harms, Craig A</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Smith, Joshua R</au><au>Alexander, Andrew M</au><au>Hammer, Shane M</au><au>Didier, Kaylin D</au><au>Kurti, Stephanie P</au><au>Broxterman, Ryan M</au><au>Barstow, Thomas J</au><au>Harms, Craig A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cardiovascular consequences of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex: effects of age and sex</atitle><jtitle>American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol</addtitle><date>2017-05-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>312</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>H1013</spage><epage>H1020</epage><pages>H1013-H1020</pages><issn>0363-6135</issn><eissn>1522-1539</eissn><abstract>With inspiratory muscle metaboreflex activation, we hypothesized that, compared with their younger counterparts, older men and women would exhibit greater
) increases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and limb vascular resistance (LVR) and
) decreases in limb blood flow (Q̇
) but
) no sex differences would be present in older adults. Sixteen young adults [8 young men (YM) and 8 young women (YW), 18-24 yr] and 16 older adults [8 older men (OM) and 8 older women (OW), 60-73 yr] performed inspiratory resistive breathing tasks (IRBTs) at 2% and 65% of their maximal inspiratory pressure. During the IRBTs, breathing frequency was 20 breaths/min with a 50% duty cycle. At baseline and during the IRBTs, MAP was measured via automated oscillometry, Q̇
was determined via Doppler ultrasound, and LVR was calculated. The 65% IRBT led to significantly greater increases in MAP in OW (15.9 ± 8.1 mmHg) compared with YW (6.9 ± 1.4 mmHg) but not (
> 0.05) between OM (12.3 ± 5.7 mmHg) and YM (10.8 ± 5.7 mmHg). OW (-20.2 ± 7.2%) had greater (
< 0.05) decreases in Q̇
compared with YW (-9.4 ± 10.2%), but no significant differences were present between OM (-22.8 ± 9.7%) and YM (-22.7 ± 11.3%) during the 65% IRBT. The 65% IRBT led to greater (
< 0.05) increases in LVR in OW (48.2 ± 25.5%) compared with YW (19.7 ± 15.0%), but no differences (
> 0.05) existed among OM (54.4 ± 17.8%) and YM (47.1 ± 23.3%). No significant differences were present in MAP, Q̇
, or LVR between OM and OW. These data suggest that OW exhibit a greater inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with YW, whereas no differences between OM and YM existed. Finally, sex differences in the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex are not present in older adults.
Premenopausal women exhibit an attenuated inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with young men; however, it is unknown whether these sex differences are present in older adults. Older women exhibited a greater inspiratory muscle metaboreflex compared with premenopausal women, whereas no differences were present between older and younger men.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Physiological Society</pub><pmid>28235792</pmid><doi>10.1152/ajpheart.00818.2016</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4803-9054</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3687-6261</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; American Physiological Society; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Adults Age factors Aged Aging Arterial Pressure Blood flow Blood pressure Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena Cardiovascular system Extremities - blood supply Female Gender aspects Gender differences Humans Lung - physiology Male Men Middle Aged Muscles Older people Regional Blood Flow - physiology Respiratory Muscles - growth & development Respiratory Muscles - physiology Sex Sex Characteristics Ultrasonic imaging Vascular Resistance - physiology Women Young Adult Young adults |
| title | Cardiovascular consequences of the inspiratory muscle metaboreflex: effects of age and sex |
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