The differential effects of prolonged exercise upon executive function and cerebral oxygenation

•Differential effects upon executive processes occur during 60min heavy exercise.•Type of cognitive task assessed contributes to variability in responses to heavy exercise.•Prefrontal haemodynamics do not mirror executive performance over time.•Exercise-related hyperfrontality, rather than hypofront...

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Veröffentlicht in:Brain and cognition 2017-04, Vol.113, p.133-141
Hauptverfasser: Tempest, Gavin D., Davranche, Karen, Brisswalter, Jeanick, Perrey, Stephane, Radel, Rémi
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container_title Brain and cognition
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creator Tempest, Gavin D.
Davranche, Karen
Brisswalter, Jeanick
Perrey, Stephane
Radel, Rémi
description •Differential effects upon executive processes occur during 60min heavy exercise.•Type of cognitive task assessed contributes to variability in responses to heavy exercise.•Prefrontal haemodynamics do not mirror executive performance over time.•Exercise-related hyperfrontality, rather than hypofrontality, is observed. The acute-exercise effects upon cognitive functions are varied and dependent upon exercise duration and intensity, and the type of cognitive tasks assessed. The hypofrontality hypothesis assumes that prolonged exercise, at physiologically challenging intensities, is detrimental to executive functions due to cerebral perturbations (indicated by reduced prefrontal activity). The present study aimed to test this hypothesis by measuring oxygenation in prefrontal and motor regions using near-infrared spectroscopy during two executive tasks (flanker task and 2-back task) performed while cycling for 60min at a very low intensity and an intensity above the ventilatory threshold. Findings revealed that, compared to very low intensity, physiologically challenging exercise (i) shortened reaction time in the flanker task, (ii) impaired performance in the 2-back task, and (iii) initially increased oxygenation in prefrontal, but not motor regions, which then became stable in both regions over time. Therefore, during prolonged exercise, not only is the intensity of exercise assessed important, but also the nature of the cognitive processes involved in the task. In contrast to the hypofrontality hypothesis, no inverse pattern of oxygenation between prefrontal and motor regions was observed, and prefrontal oxygenation was maintained over time. The present results go against the hypofrontality hypothesis.
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The acute-exercise effects upon cognitive functions are varied and dependent upon exercise duration and intensity, and the type of cognitive tasks assessed. The hypofrontality hypothesis assumes that prolonged exercise, at physiologically challenging intensities, is detrimental to executive functions due to cerebral perturbations (indicated by reduced prefrontal activity). The present study aimed to test this hypothesis by measuring oxygenation in prefrontal and motor regions using near-infrared spectroscopy during two executive tasks (flanker task and 2-back task) performed while cycling for 60min at a very low intensity and an intensity above the ventilatory threshold. Findings revealed that, compared to very low intensity, physiologically challenging exercise (i) shortened reaction time in the flanker task, (ii) impaired performance in the 2-back task, and (iii) initially increased oxygenation in prefrontal, but not motor regions, which then became stable in both regions over time. 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subjects Adult
Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology
Cognition - physiology
Cognitive ability
Cognitive control
Cross-Over Studies
Executive function
Executive Function - physiology
Exercise - physiology
Female
Humans
Hypotheses
I.R. radiation
Infrared spectroscopy
Male
Motor task performance
Near-infrared spectroscopy
Oxygenation
Prefrontal cortex
Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging
Prefrontal Cortex - physiology
Reaction Time - physiology
Reaction time task
Response inhibition
Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared
Ventilatory threshold
Working memory
Young Adult
title The differential effects of prolonged exercise upon executive function and cerebral oxygenation
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