Stigma-related stress, shame and avoidant coping reactions among members of the general population with elevated symptom levels
Abstract Background It is unclear whether mental illness stigma affects individuals with subthreshold syndromes outside clinical settings. We therefore investigated the role of different stigma variables, including stigma-related stress and shame reactions, for avoidant stigma coping among members o...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Comprehensive psychiatry 2017-04, Vol.74, p.224-230 |
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| creator | Schibalski, J.V Müller, M Ajdacic-Gross, V Vetter, S Rodgers, S Oexle, N Corrigan, P.W Rössler, W Rüsch, N |
| description | Abstract Background It is unclear whether mental illness stigma affects individuals with subthreshold syndromes outside clinical settings. We therefore investigated the role of different stigma variables, including stigma-related stress and shame reactions, for avoidant stigma coping among members of the general population with elevated symptom levels. Methods Based on a representative population survey, general stress resilience, stigma variables, shame about having a mental illness as well as avoidant stigma coping (secrecy and social withdrawal) were assessed by self-report among 676 participants with elevated symptom levels. Stigma variables and resilience were examined as predictors of avoidant stigma coping in a path model. Results Increased stigma stress was predicted by lower general stress resilience as well as by higher levels of perceived stigma, group identification and perceived legitimacy of discrimination. More shame was associated with higher perceived legitimacy. Lower resilience as well as more perceived stigma, group identification and perceived legitimacy predicted avoidant coping. Stigma stress partly mediated effects of resilience, perceived stigma and group identification on avoidant coping; shame partly mediated effects of perceived legitimacy on coping. Stigma stress and shame were also directly and positively related to avoidant stigma coping. Analyses were adjusted for symptoms, neuroticism and sociodemographic variables. Conclusions Stigma may affect a larger proportion of the population than previously thought because stigma variables predicted secrecy and withdrawal among members of the general population with elevated, but overall mild symptom levels. Avoidant stigma coping likely has harmful effects, potentially exacerbating pre-existing psychological distress and undermining social networks. This highlights the need to reduce public stigma as well as to support individuals with subthreshold syndromes in their coping with stigma stress and shame reactions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.02.001 |
| format | Article |
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We therefore investigated the role of different stigma variables, including stigma-related stress and shame reactions, for avoidant stigma coping among members of the general population with elevated symptom levels. Methods Based on a representative population survey, general stress resilience, stigma variables, shame about having a mental illness as well as avoidant stigma coping (secrecy and social withdrawal) were assessed by self-report among 676 participants with elevated symptom levels. Stigma variables and resilience were examined as predictors of avoidant stigma coping in a path model. Results Increased stigma stress was predicted by lower general stress resilience as well as by higher levels of perceived stigma, group identification and perceived legitimacy of discrimination. More shame was associated with higher perceived legitimacy. Lower resilience as well as more perceived stigma, group identification and perceived legitimacy predicted avoidant coping. Stigma stress partly mediated effects of resilience, perceived stigma and group identification on avoidant coping; shame partly mediated effects of perceived legitimacy on coping. Stigma stress and shame were also directly and positively related to avoidant stigma coping. Analyses were adjusted for symptoms, neuroticism and sociodemographic variables. Conclusions Stigma may affect a larger proportion of the population than previously thought because stigma variables predicted secrecy and withdrawal among members of the general population with elevated, but overall mild symptom levels. Avoidant stigma coping likely has harmful effects, potentially exacerbating pre-existing psychological distress and undermining social networks. This highlights the need to reduce public stigma as well as to support individuals with subthreshold syndromes in their coping with stigma stress and shame reactions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0010-440X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-8384</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.02.001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28236772</identifier><identifier>CODEN: COPYAV</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject>Adaptation, Psychological ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Avoidance Learning ; Coping ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Identification ; Legitimacy ; Male ; Mental disorders ; Mental Disorders - diagnosis ; Mental Disorders - psychology ; Mental health care ; Middle age ; Middle Aged ; Population Surveillance - methods ; Psychiatry ; Self Concept ; Self Report ; Shame ; Social research ; Social Stigma ; Social Support ; Stereotypes ; Stigma ; Stress ; Stress, Psychological - diagnosis ; Stress, Psychological - psychology ; Studies</subject><ispartof>Comprehensive psychiatry, 2017-04, Vol.74, p.224-230</ispartof><rights>2017 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Apr 01, 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c454t-8acfb41fb914522c1e30aed60cc04318bdbf0031536ffb0407e9fdd8fd9e4e5d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c454t-8acfb41fb914522c1e30aed60cc04318bdbf0031536ffb0407e9fdd8fd9e4e5d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X16306046$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28236772$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schibalski, J.V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Müller, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ajdacic-Gross, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vetter, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodgers, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oexle, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Corrigan, P.W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rössler, W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rüsch, N</creatorcontrib><title>Stigma-related stress, shame and avoidant coping reactions among members of the general population with elevated symptom levels</title><title>Comprehensive psychiatry</title><addtitle>Compr Psychiatry</addtitle><description>Abstract Background It is unclear whether mental illness stigma affects individuals with subthreshold syndromes outside clinical settings. We therefore investigated the role of different stigma variables, including stigma-related stress and shame reactions, for avoidant stigma coping among members of the general population with elevated symptom levels. Methods Based on a representative population survey, general stress resilience, stigma variables, shame about having a mental illness as well as avoidant stigma coping (secrecy and social withdrawal) were assessed by self-report among 676 participants with elevated symptom levels. Stigma variables and resilience were examined as predictors of avoidant stigma coping in a path model. Results Increased stigma stress was predicted by lower general stress resilience as well as by higher levels of perceived stigma, group identification and perceived legitimacy of discrimination. More shame was associated with higher perceived legitimacy. Lower resilience as well as more perceived stigma, group identification and perceived legitimacy predicted avoidant coping. Stigma stress partly mediated effects of resilience, perceived stigma and group identification on avoidant coping; shame partly mediated effects of perceived legitimacy on coping. Stigma stress and shame were also directly and positively related to avoidant stigma coping. Analyses were adjusted for symptoms, neuroticism and sociodemographic variables. Conclusions Stigma may affect a larger proportion of the population than previously thought because stigma variables predicted secrecy and withdrawal among members of the general population with elevated, but overall mild symptom levels. Avoidant stigma coping likely has harmful effects, potentially exacerbating pre-existing psychological distress and undermining social networks. This highlights the need to reduce public stigma as well as to support individuals with subthreshold syndromes in their coping with stigma stress and shame reactions.</description><subject>Adaptation, Psychological</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Avoidance Learning</subject><subject>Coping</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Identification</subject><subject>Legitimacy</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mental disorders</subject><subject>Mental Disorders - diagnosis</subject><subject>Mental Disorders - psychology</subject><subject>Mental health care</subject><subject>Middle age</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Population Surveillance - methods</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Self Concept</subject><subject>Self Report</subject><subject>Shame</subject><subject>Social research</subject><subject>Social Stigma</subject><subject>Social Support</subject><subject>Stereotypes</subject><subject>Stigma</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - diagnosis</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - psychology</subject><subject>Studies</subject><issn>0010-440X</issn><issn>1532-8384</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk9vEzEQxVcIREPhK4AlLj10w_jP7joXpKqigFSJQ0HiZnnt2cRhvV5sJygnvjqOUorUEydrrN974_GbqnpDYUmBtu-2SxP8PKeD2SwZ0G4JbAlAn1QL2nBWSy7F02pRbqAWAr6fVS9S2gKAlFI8r86YZLztOraoft9lt_a6jjjqjJakHDGlS5I22iPRkyV6H5zVUyYmzG5ak4jaZBemRLQPpfboe4yJhIHkDZI1Thj1SOYw74plAckvlzcER9yfOhz8nIMnpcYxvayeDXpM-Or-PK--3Xz4ev2pvv3y8fP11W1tRCNyLbUZekGHfkVFw5ihyEGjbcEYEJzK3vYDAC_Dt8PQg4AOV4O1crArFNhYfl5dnHznGH7uMGXlXTI4jnrCsEuKyo41nVg1q4K-fYRuwy5O5XVHSsqGccoL1Z0oE0NKEQc1R-d1PCgK6piR2qqHjNQxIwVMlUSK8vW9_673aB90f0MpwNUJKP-De4dRJeNwMmhdRJOVDe4_mrx_5GFGNzmjxx94wPRvIpWKQN0dV-W4KbTl0IJo-R9ofr7t</recordid><startdate>20170401</startdate><enddate>20170401</enddate><creator>Schibalski, J.V</creator><creator>Müller, M</creator><creator>Ajdacic-Gross, V</creator><creator>Vetter, S</creator><creator>Rodgers, S</creator><creator>Oexle, N</creator><creator>Corrigan, P.W</creator><creator>Rössler, W</creator><creator>Rüsch, N</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170401</creationdate><title>Stigma-related stress, shame and avoidant coping reactions among members of the general population with elevated symptom levels</title><author>Schibalski, J.V ; 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We therefore investigated the role of different stigma variables, including stigma-related stress and shame reactions, for avoidant stigma coping among members of the general population with elevated symptom levels. Methods Based on a representative population survey, general stress resilience, stigma variables, shame about having a mental illness as well as avoidant stigma coping (secrecy and social withdrawal) were assessed by self-report among 676 participants with elevated symptom levels. Stigma variables and resilience were examined as predictors of avoidant stigma coping in a path model. Results Increased stigma stress was predicted by lower general stress resilience as well as by higher levels of perceived stigma, group identification and perceived legitimacy of discrimination. More shame was associated with higher perceived legitimacy. Lower resilience as well as more perceived stigma, group identification and perceived legitimacy predicted avoidant coping. Stigma stress partly mediated effects of resilience, perceived stigma and group identification on avoidant coping; shame partly mediated effects of perceived legitimacy on coping. Stigma stress and shame were also directly and positively related to avoidant stigma coping. Analyses were adjusted for symptoms, neuroticism and sociodemographic variables. Conclusions Stigma may affect a larger proportion of the population than previously thought because stigma variables predicted secrecy and withdrawal among members of the general population with elevated, but overall mild symptom levels. Avoidant stigma coping likely has harmful effects, potentially exacerbating pre-existing psychological distress and undermining social networks. This highlights the need to reduce public stigma as well as to support individuals with subthreshold syndromes in their coping with stigma stress and shame reactions.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>28236772</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.02.001</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adaptation, Psychological Adolescent Adult Age Avoidance Learning Coping Cross-Sectional Studies Female Humans Identification Legitimacy Male Mental disorders Mental Disorders - diagnosis Mental Disorders - psychology Mental health care Middle age Middle Aged Population Surveillance - methods Psychiatry Self Concept Self Report Shame Social research Social Stigma Social Support Stereotypes Stigma Stress Stress, Psychological - diagnosis Stress, Psychological - psychology Studies |
| title | Stigma-related stress, shame and avoidant coping reactions among members of the general population with elevated symptom levels |
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