Development and validation of a prognostic model for acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure

AIMThe CANONIC study proposed the Chronic Liver Failure Consortium acute-on-chronic liver failure (CLIF-C ACLF) prognostic model at the European Association for the Study of the Liver-CLIF diagnosis. This study aimed to develop and validate a prognostic model for predicting the short-term mortality of hepatitis B virus (HBV) ACLF as defined by the Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver. PATIENTS AND METHODSA retrospective cohort of 381 HBV ACLF patients and a prospective cohort of 192 patients were included in this study. Independent predictors of disease progression were determined using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, and a regression model for predicting prognosis was established. Patient survival was estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and subsequently compared by log-rank tests. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare the performance of various current prognostic models. RESULTSOur model was constructed with five independent risk factorshepatic encephalopathy, international normalized ratio, neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio, age, and total bilirubin, termed as the HINAT ACLF model, which showed the strongest predictive values compared with CLIF-C ACLF, CLIF-C Organ Failure, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, CLIF-Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, Model for End-stage Liver Disease, Model for End-stage Liver Disease-sodium, and Child–Turcotte–Pugh scores; this model reduced the corresponding prediction error rates at 28 and 90 days by 16.4–54.5% after ACLF diagnosis in both the derivation cohort and the validation cohorts. CONCLUSIONThe HINAT ACLF model can accurately predict the short-term mortality of patients with HBV ACLF as defined by Asia-Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver.