Long‐Term Hormone Replacement Therapy Is Associated with Low Coronary Artery Calcium Levels in a Cohort of Older Women: The Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility—Reykjavik Study
Objectives To assess the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and coronary artery calcium (CAC). Design Cross‐sectional. Setting Established population‐based cohort in Reykjavik, Iceland. Participants Women (mean age 76 ± 5) who had completed questionnaires on HRT use (N = 2,867)....
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS) 2017-01, Vol.65 (1), p.200-206 |
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| container_title | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS) |
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| creator | Gudmundsson, Adalsteinn Aspelund, Thor Sigurdsson, Gunnar Harris, Tamara Launer, Lenore J. Gudnason, Vilmundur Jonsson, Helgi |
| description | Objectives
To assess the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and coronary artery calcium (CAC).
Design
Cross‐sectional.
Setting
Established population‐based cohort in Reykjavik, Iceland.
Participants
Women (mean age 76 ± 5) who had completed questionnaires on HRT use (N = 2,867).
Measurements
Coronary artery calcium assessed using computed tomography was the outcome variable and was compared between women with history of HRT and those who had never used HRT and analyzed according to age, length of use, and time after menopause that HRT was initiated.
Results
Eight hundred seventy‐two (30.4%) participants had used HRT, and 312 (10.9%) were current users. After adjustment for age, other late‐life variables, and a propensity score based on midlife data for HRT use as observed in late life, there were significant negative associations between CAC and history and length of HRT use. This association was evident in all age categories. When HRT had been used for longer than 15 years, median CAC level was less than 50% of that observed in never users. The lowest CAC was observed in those who started HRT within 5 years after menopause. The prevalence of coronary events was comparable in both groups.
Conclusion
A strong association was found between long‐term HRT use and low CAC. The negative association between duration of HRT and CAC was evident in all age groups of older women. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/jgs.14461 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1868342684</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1841801425</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3641-fd838d71f30af251963f117e81cccaa9bd5148b86c7c7d3e642ed10e9e6dd2dd3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNksFuEzEQhlcIREPhwAsgS1xAYhuP17vrcIuiNi2KVKkJ4rhy7NnE6e46tXcT7a2P0AOPwhP1SXCbwgEJhC8jWZ--mdH8UfQW6AmEN9ys_AlwnsGzaABpwuKUQ_o8GlBKWSwy4EfRK-83lAKjQryMjlgefnMGg-jHzDar-9u7BbqanFtX2wbJFW4rqbDGpiWLNTq57cmFJ2PvrTKyRU32pl2Tmd2TiXW2ka4nY9diKBNZKdPVZIY7rDwxDZGBWVvXEluSy0qjI99sMH9-MJPxCj-RKTY4PG12Jqgee847r3DbmqWpTNvf336_wv56I3fmmszbTvevoxelrDy-earH0dez08XkPJ5dTi8m41mskoxDXGqRCJ1DmVBZshRGWVIC5ChAKSXlaKlT4GIpMpWrXCeYcYYaKI4w05ppnRxHHw7erbM3Hfq2qE2YrKpkg7bzBYhMJJxlgv8HykFQ4CwN6Ps_0I3tXBMWKRhPRZJQxui_qNCWZjDinAXq44FSznrvsCy2ztThHgXQ4iEbRchG8ZiNwL57MnbLGvVv8lcYAjA8AHtTYf93U_FlOj8ofwKrmsWX</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1860619442</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Long‐Term Hormone Replacement Therapy Is Associated with Low Coronary Artery Calcium Levels in a Cohort of Older Women: The Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility—Reykjavik Study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Gudmundsson, Adalsteinn ; Aspelund, Thor ; Sigurdsson, Gunnar ; Harris, Tamara ; Launer, Lenore J. ; Gudnason, Vilmundur ; Jonsson, Helgi</creator><creatorcontrib>Gudmundsson, Adalsteinn ; Aspelund, Thor ; Sigurdsson, Gunnar ; Harris, Tamara ; Launer, Lenore J. ; Gudnason, Vilmundur ; Jonsson, Helgi</creatorcontrib><description>Objectives
To assess the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and coronary artery calcium (CAC).
Design
Cross‐sectional.
Setting
Established population‐based cohort in Reykjavik, Iceland.
Participants
Women (mean age 76 ± 5) who had completed questionnaires on HRT use (N = 2,867).
Measurements
Coronary artery calcium assessed using computed tomography was the outcome variable and was compared between women with history of HRT and those who had never used HRT and analyzed according to age, length of use, and time after menopause that HRT was initiated.
Results
Eight hundred seventy‐two (30.4%) participants had used HRT, and 312 (10.9%) were current users. After adjustment for age, other late‐life variables, and a propensity score based on midlife data for HRT use as observed in late life, there were significant negative associations between CAC and history and length of HRT use. This association was evident in all age categories. When HRT had been used for longer than 15 years, median CAC level was less than 50% of that observed in never users. The lowest CAC was observed in those who started HRT within 5 years after menopause. The prevalence of coronary events was comparable in both groups.
Conclusion
A strong association was found between long‐term HRT use and low CAC. The negative association between duration of HRT and CAC was evident in all age groups of older women.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-8614</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-5415</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/jgs.14461</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27861721</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JAGSAF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Age ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Arteriosclerosis ; Calcification (ectopic) ; Calcium ; Computed tomography ; Computed Tomography Angiography ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary artery ; coronary artery calcium ; Coronary vessels ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; epidemiology ; Female ; Geriatrics ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Iceland - epidemiology ; Menopause ; Older people ; older women ; Propensity Score ; Vascular Calcification - diagnostic imaging ; Vascular Calcification - epidemiology ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS), 2017-01, Vol.65 (1), p.200-206</ispartof><rights>2016, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2016, The American Geriatrics Society</rights><rights>2016, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2016, The American Geriatrics Society.</rights><rights>2017 American Geriatrics Society and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3641-fd838d71f30af251963f117e81cccaa9bd5148b86c7c7d3e642ed10e9e6dd2dd3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3641-fd838d71f30af251963f117e81cccaa9bd5148b86c7c7d3e642ed10e9e6dd2dd3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fjgs.14461$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fjgs.14461$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,1412,27905,27906,45555,45556</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27861721$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gudmundsson, Adalsteinn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aspelund, Thor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sigurdsson, Gunnar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harris, Tamara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Launer, Lenore J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gudnason, Vilmundur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jonsson, Helgi</creatorcontrib><title>Long‐Term Hormone Replacement Therapy Is Associated with Low Coronary Artery Calcium Levels in a Cohort of Older Women: The Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility—Reykjavik Study</title><title>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS)</title><addtitle>J Am Geriatr Soc</addtitle><description>Objectives
To assess the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and coronary artery calcium (CAC).
Design
Cross‐sectional.
Setting
Established population‐based cohort in Reykjavik, Iceland.
Participants
Women (mean age 76 ± 5) who had completed questionnaires on HRT use (N = 2,867).
Measurements
Coronary artery calcium assessed using computed tomography was the outcome variable and was compared between women with history of HRT and those who had never used HRT and analyzed according to age, length of use, and time after menopause that HRT was initiated.
Results
Eight hundred seventy‐two (30.4%) participants had used HRT, and 312 (10.9%) were current users. After adjustment for age, other late‐life variables, and a propensity score based on midlife data for HRT use as observed in late life, there were significant negative associations between CAC and history and length of HRT use. This association was evident in all age categories. When HRT had been used for longer than 15 years, median CAC level was less than 50% of that observed in never users. The lowest CAC was observed in those who started HRT within 5 years after menopause. The prevalence of coronary events was comparable in both groups.
Conclusion
A strong association was found between long‐term HRT use and low CAC. The negative association between duration of HRT and CAC was evident in all age groups of older women.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Arteriosclerosis</subject><subject>Calcification (ectopic)</subject><subject>Calcium</subject><subject>Computed tomography</subject><subject>Computed Tomography Angiography</subject><subject>Coronary Angiography</subject><subject>Coronary artery</subject><subject>coronary artery calcium</subject><subject>Coronary vessels</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Geriatrics</subject><subject>Hormone Replacement Therapy</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Iceland - epidemiology</subject><subject>Menopause</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>older women</subject><subject>Propensity Score</subject><subject>Vascular Calcification - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Vascular Calcification - epidemiology</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>0002-8614</issn><issn>1532-5415</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNksFuEzEQhlcIREPhwAsgS1xAYhuP17vrcIuiNi2KVKkJ4rhy7NnE6e46tXcT7a2P0AOPwhP1SXCbwgEJhC8jWZ--mdH8UfQW6AmEN9ys_AlwnsGzaABpwuKUQ_o8GlBKWSwy4EfRK-83lAKjQryMjlgefnMGg-jHzDar-9u7BbqanFtX2wbJFW4rqbDGpiWLNTq57cmFJ2PvrTKyRU32pl2Tmd2TiXW2ka4nY9diKBNZKdPVZIY7rDwxDZGBWVvXEluSy0qjI99sMH9-MJPxCj-RKTY4PG12Jqgee847r3DbmqWpTNvf336_wv56I3fmmszbTvevoxelrDy-earH0dez08XkPJ5dTi8m41mskoxDXGqRCJ1DmVBZshRGWVIC5ChAKSXlaKlT4GIpMpWrXCeYcYYaKI4w05ppnRxHHw7erbM3Hfq2qE2YrKpkg7bzBYhMJJxlgv8HykFQ4CwN6Ps_0I3tXBMWKRhPRZJQxui_qNCWZjDinAXq44FSznrvsCy2ztThHgXQ4iEbRchG8ZiNwL57MnbLGvVv8lcYAjA8AHtTYf93U_FlOj8ofwKrmsWX</recordid><startdate>201701</startdate><enddate>201701</enddate><creator>Gudmundsson, Adalsteinn</creator><creator>Aspelund, Thor</creator><creator>Sigurdsson, Gunnar</creator><creator>Harris, Tamara</creator><creator>Launer, Lenore J.</creator><creator>Gudnason, Vilmundur</creator><creator>Jonsson, Helgi</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201701</creationdate><title>Long‐Term Hormone Replacement Therapy Is Associated with Low Coronary Artery Calcium Levels in a Cohort of Older Women: The Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility—Reykjavik Study</title><author>Gudmundsson, Adalsteinn ; Aspelund, Thor ; Sigurdsson, Gunnar ; Harris, Tamara ; Launer, Lenore J. ; Gudnason, Vilmundur ; Jonsson, Helgi</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3641-fd838d71f30af251963f117e81cccaa9bd5148b86c7c7d3e642ed10e9e6dd2dd3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Arteriosclerosis</topic><topic>Calcification (ectopic)</topic><topic>Calcium</topic><topic>Computed tomography</topic><topic>Computed Tomography Angiography</topic><topic>Coronary Angiography</topic><topic>Coronary artery</topic><topic>coronary artery calcium</topic><topic>Coronary vessels</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Geriatrics</topic><topic>Hormone Replacement Therapy</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Iceland - epidemiology</topic><topic>Menopause</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>older women</topic><topic>Propensity Score</topic><topic>Vascular Calcification - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Vascular Calcification - epidemiology</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gudmundsson, Adalsteinn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Aspelund, Thor</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sigurdsson, Gunnar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harris, Tamara</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Launer, Lenore J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gudnason, Vilmundur</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jonsson, Helgi</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gudmundsson, Adalsteinn</au><au>Aspelund, Thor</au><au>Sigurdsson, Gunnar</au><au>Harris, Tamara</au><au>Launer, Lenore J.</au><au>Gudnason, Vilmundur</au><au>Jonsson, Helgi</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Long‐Term Hormone Replacement Therapy Is Associated with Low Coronary Artery Calcium Levels in a Cohort of Older Women: The Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility—Reykjavik Study</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS)</jtitle><addtitle>J Am Geriatr Soc</addtitle><date>2017-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>65</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>200</spage><epage>206</epage><pages>200-206</pages><issn>0002-8614</issn><eissn>1532-5415</eissn><coden>JAGSAF</coden><abstract>Objectives
To assess the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and coronary artery calcium (CAC).
Design
Cross‐sectional.
Setting
Established population‐based cohort in Reykjavik, Iceland.
Participants
Women (mean age 76 ± 5) who had completed questionnaires on HRT use (N = 2,867).
Measurements
Coronary artery calcium assessed using computed tomography was the outcome variable and was compared between women with history of HRT and those who had never used HRT and analyzed according to age, length of use, and time after menopause that HRT was initiated.
Results
Eight hundred seventy‐two (30.4%) participants had used HRT, and 312 (10.9%) were current users. After adjustment for age, other late‐life variables, and a propensity score based on midlife data for HRT use as observed in late life, there were significant negative associations between CAC and history and length of HRT use. This association was evident in all age categories. When HRT had been used for longer than 15 years, median CAC level was less than 50% of that observed in never users. The lowest CAC was observed in those who started HRT within 5 years after menopause. The prevalence of coronary events was comparable in both groups.
Conclusion
A strong association was found between long‐term HRT use and low CAC. The negative association between duration of HRT and CAC was evident in all age groups of older women.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>27861721</pmid><doi>10.1111/jgs.14461</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0002-8614 |
| ispartof | Journal of the American Geriatrics Society (JAGS), 2017-01, Vol.65 (1), p.200-206 |
| issn | 0002-8614 1532-5415 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Age Aged Aged, 80 and over Arteriosclerosis Calcification (ectopic) Calcium Computed tomography Computed Tomography Angiography Coronary Angiography Coronary artery coronary artery calcium Coronary vessels Cross-Sectional Studies epidemiology Female Geriatrics Hormone Replacement Therapy Humans Iceland - epidemiology Menopause Older people older women Propensity Score Vascular Calcification - diagnostic imaging Vascular Calcification - epidemiology Womens health |
| title | Long‐Term Hormone Replacement Therapy Is Associated with Low Coronary Artery Calcium Levels in a Cohort of Older Women: The Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility—Reykjavik Study |
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