The future of immunotherapy for canine atopic dermatitis: a review
Allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is a foundation treatment for canine atopic dermatitis (CAD), though few critical studies have documented its effectiveness as a disease‐modifying treatment in dogs. The mechanisms by which ASIT works in dogs have not been elucidated, although they are likely t...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Veterinary dermatology 2017-02, Vol.28 (1), p.25-e6 |
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Zusammenfassung: | Allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT) is a foundation treatment for canine atopic dermatitis (CAD), though few critical studies have documented its effectiveness as a disease‐modifying treatment in dogs. The mechanisms by which ASIT works in dogs have not been elucidated, although they are likely to parallel those known for humans. Current ASIT approaches in CAD focus on either subcutaneous or sublingual administration. Greater knowledge of major allergens in dogs, ideal dosage regimes and details of allergen admixture are likely to lead to better efficacy in CAD. Evaluation of biomarkers for successful therapy may also be of benefit.
Potentially important advances in human medicine, that have yet to be explored in dogs, include use of modified allergen preparations such as allergoids, recombinant major allergens or allergen peptides; modification with adjuvants; or packaging of the above in virus‐like particles. Co‐administration of immunomodulators such as CpG oligodeoxynucleotides or specific monoclonal antibodies might direct the immune response in the desired direction while calming the “cytokine storm” of active disease.
Initial trials of alternative routes of administration such as intralymphatic immunotherapy have yielded exciting results in humans, and continuing study in dogs is underway. Progress in ASIT of human food allergy may provide clues that will assist with improved diagnosis and patient management of CAD. Importantly, further study must be undertaken to clarify the conditions under which ASIT is a valuable treatment modality for dogs.
Résumé
L'immunothérapie spécifique d'allergènes (ASIT) est un traitement de fond de la dermatite atopique canine (CAD) depuis que des études critiques ont documenté son efficacité comme traitement agissant sur la maladie des chiens. Les mécanismes par lesquels l’ASIT fonctionne chez le chien n'ont pas été élucidés bien qu'il y ai un parallèle avec ceux de l'homme. Les approches actuelles de l’ASIT dans la CAD se focalisent soit sur l'administration sous cutanée soit sur l'administration sublinguale. De meilleures connaissances des allergènes majeurs chez le chien, les dosages idéaux et les détails des mélanges d'allergènes permettraient une meilleure efficacité dans la CAD. L’évaluation de biomarqueurs pour un traitement efficace pourrait aussi être utile. Des avancées potentiellement importantes en médecine humaine qui doivent encore être explorées chez le chien comprennent l'utilisation d'allergènes mod |
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ISSN: | 0959-4493 1365-3164 |
DOI: | 10.1111/vde.12416 |