Intervention with Adolescent Mother–Child Dyads and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood: a Meta-Analysis

The cognitive development of children of adolescent mothers has often been considered to be at risk. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to examine whether early intervention could help foster more positive cognitive development in the 0- to 4-year-old children of adolescent mothers. Twenty-two studies were reviewed, involving 29 different intervention strategies and 3577 participants. An overall effect size (corrected for publication bias) of d = .24 was found (95% CI .11, .36). Intervention strategies that focused specifically on the quality of parent–child interaction ( d = .89; 95% CI .36, 1.43) or that included parent–child interaction as an important target of intervention ( d = .53; 95% CI .34, .73) yielded greater effect sizes than those that emphasized maternal support and education ( d = .23; 95% CI .12, .34). Intervention that was delivered in groups ( d = .56; 95% CI .36, .74) yielded greater effectiveness than dyadic intervention ( d = .27; 95% CI .14, .39). Intervention delivered by trained professionals ( d = .39; 95% CI .22, .56) was more effective than that delivered by paraprofessionals ( d = .20; 95% CI −.02, .61). Older studies (slope = −.015) and those that involved smaller numbers of participants (slope = −.0008) also yielded greater effect sizes. There was also a marginal tendency for shorter intervention strategies (slope = −.002), and those that involved younger children (slope = −.005) and mothers (slope = −.074) to show greater effects. Discussion focuses on the developmental and practical implications of these results.