Experimental Hendra virus infection of dogs: virus replication, shedding and potential for transmission
Objective Characterisation of experimental Hendra virus (HeV) infection in dogs and assessment of associated transmission risk. Methods Beagle dogs were exposed oronasally to Hendra virus/Australia/Horse/2008/Redlands or to blood collected from HeV‐infected ferrets. Ferrets were exposed to oral flui...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Australian veterinary journal 2017-01, Vol.95 (1-2), p.10-18 |
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creator | Middleton, DJ Riddell, S Klein, R Arkinstall, R Haining, J Frazer, L Mottley, C Evans, R Johnson, D Pallister, J |
description | Objective
Characterisation of experimental Hendra virus (HeV) infection in dogs and assessment of associated transmission risk.
Methods
Beagle dogs were exposed oronasally to Hendra virus/Australia/Horse/2008/Redlands or to blood collected from HeV‐infected ferrets. Ferrets were exposed to oral fluids collected from dogs after canine exposure to HeV. Observations made and samples tested post‐exposure were used to assess the clinical course and replication sites of HeV in dogs, the infectivity for ferrets of canine oral fluids and features of HeV infection in dogs following contact with infective blood.
Results
Dogs were reliably infected with HeV and were generally asymptomatic. HeV was re‐isolated from the oral cavity and virus clearance was associated with development of virus neutralising antibody. Major sites of HeV replication in dogs were the tonsils, lower respiratory tract and associated lymph nodes. Virus replication was documented in canine kidney and spleen, confirming a viraemic phase for canine HeV infection and suggesting that urine may be a source of infectious virus. Infection was transmitted to ferrets via canine oral secretions, with copy numbers for the HeV N gene in canine oral swabs comparable to those reported for nasal swabs of experimentally infected horses.
Conclusion
HeV is not highly pathogenic for dogs, but their oral secretions pose a potential transmission risk to people. The time‐window for transmission risk is circumscribed and corresponds to the period of acute infection before establishment of an adaptive immune response. The likelihood of central nervous system involvement in canine HeV infection is unclear, as is any long‐term consequence. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/avj.12552 |
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Characterisation of experimental Hendra virus (HeV) infection in dogs and assessment of associated transmission risk.
Methods
Beagle dogs were exposed oronasally to Hendra virus/Australia/Horse/2008/Redlands or to blood collected from HeV‐infected ferrets. Ferrets were exposed to oral fluids collected from dogs after canine exposure to HeV. Observations made and samples tested post‐exposure were used to assess the clinical course and replication sites of HeV in dogs, the infectivity for ferrets of canine oral fluids and features of HeV infection in dogs following contact with infective blood.
Results
Dogs were reliably infected with HeV and were generally asymptomatic. HeV was re‐isolated from the oral cavity and virus clearance was associated with development of virus neutralising antibody. Major sites of HeV replication in dogs were the tonsils, lower respiratory tract and associated lymph nodes. Virus replication was documented in canine kidney and spleen, confirming a viraemic phase for canine HeV infection and suggesting that urine may be a source of infectious virus. Infection was transmitted to ferrets via canine oral secretions, with copy numbers for the HeV N gene in canine oral swabs comparable to those reported for nasal swabs of experimentally infected horses.
Conclusion
HeV is not highly pathogenic for dogs, but their oral secretions pose a potential transmission risk to people. The time‐window for transmission risk is circumscribed and corresponds to the period of acute infection before establishment of an adaptive immune response. The likelihood of central nervous system involvement in canine HeV infection is unclear, as is any long‐term consequence.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0005-0423</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1751-0813</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/avj.12552</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28124415</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Melbourne: Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Antibodies, Viral - blood ; Autopsy - veterinary ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Disease Models, Animal ; disease transmission; dogs ; Dog Diseases - blood ; Dog Diseases - pathology ; Dog Diseases - transmission ; Dog Diseases - virology ; Dogs ; Euthanasia, Animal ; Female ; ferrets ; Ferrets - virology ; Hendra virus ; Hendra Virus - genetics ; Hendra Virus - pathogenicity ; Henipavirus Infections - blood ; Henipavirus Infections - transmission ; Henipavirus Infections - veterinary ; Henipavirus Infections - virology ; Hepeviridae ; Infections ; Lymph Nodes - virology ; Male ; Mouth - virology ; Mustela</subject><ispartof>Australian veterinary journal, 2017-01, Vol.95 (1-2), p.10-18</ispartof><rights>2017 Australian Veterinary Association</rights><rights>2017 Australian Veterinary Association.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4212-23321c3089a02f7c758154740eabaec3d853e7ecf6c3573e4cf8c33a531a1abf3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4212-23321c3089a02f7c758154740eabaec3d853e7ecf6c3573e4cf8c33a531a1abf3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Favj.12552$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Favj.12552$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28124415$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Middleton, DJ</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riddell, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klein, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arkinstall, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haining, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Frazer, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mottley, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evans, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pallister, J</creatorcontrib><title>Experimental Hendra virus infection of dogs: virus replication, shedding and potential for transmission</title><title>Australian veterinary journal</title><addtitle>Aust Vet J</addtitle><description>Objective
Characterisation of experimental Hendra virus (HeV) infection in dogs and assessment of associated transmission risk.
Methods
Beagle dogs were exposed oronasally to Hendra virus/Australia/Horse/2008/Redlands or to blood collected from HeV‐infected ferrets. Ferrets were exposed to oral fluids collected from dogs after canine exposure to HeV. Observations made and samples tested post‐exposure were used to assess the clinical course and replication sites of HeV in dogs, the infectivity for ferrets of canine oral fluids and features of HeV infection in dogs following contact with infective blood.
Results
Dogs were reliably infected with HeV and were generally asymptomatic. HeV was re‐isolated from the oral cavity and virus clearance was associated with development of virus neutralising antibody. Major sites of HeV replication in dogs were the tonsils, lower respiratory tract and associated lymph nodes. Virus replication was documented in canine kidney and spleen, confirming a viraemic phase for canine HeV infection and suggesting that urine may be a source of infectious virus. Infection was transmitted to ferrets via canine oral secretions, with copy numbers for the HeV N gene in canine oral swabs comparable to those reported for nasal swabs of experimentally infected horses.
Conclusion
HeV is not highly pathogenic for dogs, but their oral secretions pose a potential transmission risk to people. The time‐window for transmission risk is circumscribed and corresponds to the period of acute infection before establishment of an adaptive immune response. The likelihood of central nervous system involvement in canine HeV infection is unclear, as is any long‐term consequence.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies, Viral - blood</subject><subject>Autopsy - veterinary</subject><subject>Databases, Nucleic Acid</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>disease transmission; dogs</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - blood</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - pathology</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - transmission</subject><subject>Dog Diseases - virology</subject><subject>Dogs</subject><subject>Euthanasia, Animal</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>ferrets</subject><subject>Ferrets - virology</subject><subject>Hendra virus</subject><subject>Hendra Virus - genetics</subject><subject>Hendra Virus - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Henipavirus Infections - blood</subject><subject>Henipavirus Infections - transmission</subject><subject>Henipavirus Infections - veterinary</subject><subject>Henipavirus Infections - virology</subject><subject>Hepeviridae</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Lymph Nodes - virology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mouth - virology</subject><subject>Mustela</subject><issn>0005-0423</issn><issn>1751-0813</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0c1OGzEUBWCratWEn0VfoLLUDUgM-NrjjMsuioBQIXVT2I4cz3XqaGJP7ZkAb4_TBBZIleqNF_fT0bUPIV-AnUM-F3qzOgcuJf9AxlBJKJgC8ZGMGWOyYCUXI3KQ0ooxUUkuP5MRV8DLEuSYLK-eOoxujb7XLZ2jb6KmGxeHRJ23aHoXPA2WNmGZLveDiF3rjN6Ozmj6jU3j_JJq39Au9DnI5SQbIu2j9mntUsrwiHyyuk14vL8Pyf311a_ZvLj7eXM7m94VpuTACy4EByOY-q4Zt5WppAJZViVDvdBoRKOkwAqNnRghK4GlscoIoaUADXphxSE52eV2MfwZMPV1XsBg22qPYUg1qIkSTMhJ-T-Uc8UBWKbf3tFVGKLPD9kqyPtxNcnqdKdMDClFtHWXf1bH5xpYvS2qzkXVf4vK9us-cVissXmTr81kcLEDj67F538n1dOHH7vIF40inHo</recordid><startdate>201701</startdate><enddate>201701</enddate><creator>Middleton, DJ</creator><creator>Riddell, S</creator><creator>Klein, R</creator><creator>Arkinstall, R</creator><creator>Haining, J</creator><creator>Frazer, L</creator><creator>Mottley, C</creator><creator>Evans, R</creator><creator>Johnson, D</creator><creator>Pallister, J</creator><general>Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7U9</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201701</creationdate><title>Experimental Hendra virus infection of dogs: virus replication, shedding and potential for transmission</title><author>Middleton, DJ ; Riddell, S ; Klein, R ; Arkinstall, R ; Haining, J ; Frazer, L ; Mottley, C ; Evans, R ; Johnson, D ; Pallister, J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4212-23321c3089a02f7c758154740eabaec3d853e7ecf6c3573e4cf8c33a531a1abf3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibodies, Viral - blood</topic><topic>Autopsy - veterinary</topic><topic>Databases, Nucleic Acid</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>disease transmission; dogs</topic><topic>Dog Diseases - blood</topic><topic>Dog Diseases - pathology</topic><topic>Dog Diseases - transmission</topic><topic>Dog Diseases - virology</topic><topic>Dogs</topic><topic>Euthanasia, Animal</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>ferrets</topic><topic>Ferrets - virology</topic><topic>Hendra virus</topic><topic>Hendra Virus - genetics</topic><topic>Hendra Virus - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Henipavirus Infections - blood</topic><topic>Henipavirus Infections - transmission</topic><topic>Henipavirus Infections - veterinary</topic><topic>Henipavirus Infections - virology</topic><topic>Hepeviridae</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Lymph Nodes - virology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mouth - virology</topic><topic>Mustela</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Middleton, DJ</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Riddell, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klein, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arkinstall, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haining, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Frazer, L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mottley, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Evans, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pallister, J</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Australian veterinary journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Middleton, DJ</au><au>Riddell, S</au><au>Klein, R</au><au>Arkinstall, R</au><au>Haining, J</au><au>Frazer, L</au><au>Mottley, C</au><au>Evans, R</au><au>Johnson, D</au><au>Pallister, J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Experimental Hendra virus infection of dogs: virus replication, shedding and potential for transmission</atitle><jtitle>Australian veterinary journal</jtitle><addtitle>Aust Vet J</addtitle><date>2017-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>95</volume><issue>1-2</issue><spage>10</spage><epage>18</epage><pages>10-18</pages><issn>0005-0423</issn><eissn>1751-0813</eissn><abstract>Objective
Characterisation of experimental Hendra virus (HeV) infection in dogs and assessment of associated transmission risk.
Methods
Beagle dogs were exposed oronasally to Hendra virus/Australia/Horse/2008/Redlands or to blood collected from HeV‐infected ferrets. Ferrets were exposed to oral fluids collected from dogs after canine exposure to HeV. Observations made and samples tested post‐exposure were used to assess the clinical course and replication sites of HeV in dogs, the infectivity for ferrets of canine oral fluids and features of HeV infection in dogs following contact with infective blood.
Results
Dogs were reliably infected with HeV and were generally asymptomatic. HeV was re‐isolated from the oral cavity and virus clearance was associated with development of virus neutralising antibody. Major sites of HeV replication in dogs were the tonsils, lower respiratory tract and associated lymph nodes. Virus replication was documented in canine kidney and spleen, confirming a viraemic phase for canine HeV infection and suggesting that urine may be a source of infectious virus. Infection was transmitted to ferrets via canine oral secretions, with copy numbers for the HeV N gene in canine oral swabs comparable to those reported for nasal swabs of experimentally infected horses.
Conclusion
HeV is not highly pathogenic for dogs, but their oral secretions pose a potential transmission risk to people. The time‐window for transmission risk is circumscribed and corresponds to the period of acute infection before establishment of an adaptive immune response. The likelihood of central nervous system involvement in canine HeV infection is unclear, as is any long‐term consequence.</abstract><cop>Melbourne</cop><pub>Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd</pub><pmid>28124415</pmid><doi>10.1111/avj.12552</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals Antibodies, Viral - blood Autopsy - veterinary Databases, Nucleic Acid Disease Models, Animal disease transmission dogs Dog Diseases - blood Dog Diseases - pathology Dog Diseases - transmission Dog Diseases - virology Dogs Euthanasia, Animal Female ferrets Ferrets - virology Hendra virus Hendra Virus - genetics Hendra Virus - pathogenicity Henipavirus Infections - blood Henipavirus Infections - transmission Henipavirus Infections - veterinary Henipavirus Infections - virology Hepeviridae Infections Lymph Nodes - virology Male Mouth - virology Mustela |
title | Experimental Hendra virus infection of dogs: virus replication, shedding and potential for transmission |
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