Non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging for bladder cancer: fused high b value diffusion-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging helps evaluate depth of invasion
Objects To investigate the utility of fused high b value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) for evaluating depth of invasion in bladder cancer. Methods We included 62 patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgically confirmed urothelial carcinoma in the urin...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | European radiology 2017-09, Vol.27 (9), p.3752-3758 |
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| creator | Lee, Minsu Shin, Su-Jin Oh, Young Taik Jung, Dae Chul Cho, Nam Hoon Choi, Young Deuk Park, Sung Yoon |
| description | Objects
To investigate the utility of fused high
b
value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) for evaluating depth of invasion in bladder cancer.
Methods
We included 62 patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgically confirmed urothelial carcinoma in the urinary bladder. An experienced genitourinary radiologist analysed the depth of invasion (T stage |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00330-017-4759-2 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1865822449</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1925972957</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-ed2e2d737b439e2c6d1e6c420801a2ff2d9852cfad2b2241323c35f2c789e3883</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kcuOFCEUhonROO3oA7gxJG7coHCgGnBnJt6SiW7GNaHg0F2TaqqFqpn4Oj6pVHrGGI0rkv_yAfkJeS74a8G5flM5l5IzLjRTurMMHpCNUBKY4EY9JBtupWHaWnVGntR6zTm3QunH5AyM2Bqp1Yb8_DJlFqY8F19nevC7jPMQaME6ZZ8D0qFpQ97RNBXajz5GLDSsTnlL01Ix0v2w29Oe3vhxQRqH1NShQW-x6XPz7wk-R3oF_-p7HI-V4tr3cyPgcd7TKdEh3_iV9JQ8Sn6s-OzuPCffPry_uvjELr9-_Hzx7pIFJc3MMAJC1FL3SlqEsI0Ct0EBN1x4SAmiNR2E5CP0AEpIkEF2CYI2FqUx8py8OnGPZfq-YJ3dYagBx9FnnJbqhNl2pjWVbdGXf0Wvp6Xk9jonLHRWg-10S4lTKpSp1oLJHUv7dPnhBHfrgO40oGsDunVAB63z4o689AeMvxv3i7UAnAK1WXmH5Y-r_0v9Bfokp-w</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1925972957</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging for bladder cancer: fused high b value diffusion-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging helps evaluate depth of invasion</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><creator>Lee, Minsu ; Shin, Su-Jin ; Oh, Young Taik ; Jung, Dae Chul ; Cho, Nam Hoon ; Choi, Young Deuk ; Park, Sung Yoon</creator><creatorcontrib>Lee, Minsu ; Shin, Su-Jin ; Oh, Young Taik ; Jung, Dae Chul ; Cho, Nam Hoon ; Choi, Young Deuk ; Park, Sung Yoon</creatorcontrib><description>Objects
To investigate the utility of fused high
b
value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) for evaluating depth of invasion in bladder cancer.
Methods
We included 62 patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgically confirmed urothelial carcinoma in the urinary bladder. An experienced genitourinary radiologist analysed the depth of invasion (T stage <2 or ≥2) using T2WI, DWI, T2WI plus DWI, and fused DWI and T2WI (fusion MRI). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were investigated. Area under the curve (AUC) was analysed to identify T stage ≥2.
Results
The rate of patients with surgically confirmed T stage ≥2 was 41.9% (26/62). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 50.0%, 55.6%, 44.8%, 60.6% and 53.2%, respectively, with T2WI; 57.7%, 77.8%, 65.2%, 71.8% and 69.4%, respectively, with DWI; 65.4%, 80.6%, 70.8%, 76.3% and 74.2%, respectively, with T2WI plus DWI and 80.8%, 77.8%, 72.4%, 84.9% and 79.0%, respectively, with fusion MRI. AUC was 0.528 with T2WI, 0.677 with DWI, 0.730 with T2WI plus DWI and 0.793 with fusion MRI for T stage ≥2.
Conclusion
Fused high
b
value DWI and T2WI may be a promising non-contrast MRI technique for assessing depth of invasion in bladder cancer.
Key Points
•
Accuracy of fusion MRI was 79.0% for T stage ≥2 in bladder cancer
.
•
AUC of fusion MRI was 0.793 for T stage ≥2 in bladder cancer
.
•
Diagnostic performance of fusion MRI was comparable with T2WI plus DWI
.
•
As a non-contrast MRI technique, fusion MRI is useful for bladder cancer
.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0938-7994</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-1084</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-4759-2</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28168374</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Accuracy ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Area Under Curve ; Bladder ; Bladder cancer ; Cancer ; Carcinoma - diagnostic imaging ; Carcinoma - pathology ; Diagnostic Radiology ; Diagnostic systems ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods ; Female ; Health risk assessment ; Humans ; Imaging ; Internal Medicine ; Interventional Radiology ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - standards ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Neuroradiology ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Patients ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Radiology ; Resonance ; Retrospective Studies ; Sensitivity ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Ultrasound ; Urethral Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging ; Urethral Neoplasms - pathology ; Urinary bladder ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology ; Urogenital ; Urothelial carcinoma</subject><ispartof>European radiology, 2017-09, Vol.27 (9), p.3752-3758</ispartof><rights>European Society of Radiology 2017</rights><rights>European Radiology is a copyright of Springer, 2017.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-ed2e2d737b439e2c6d1e6c420801a2ff2d9852cfad2b2241323c35f2c789e3883</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-ed2e2d737b439e2c6d1e6c420801a2ff2d9852cfad2b2241323c35f2c789e3883</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-1322-0526</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00330-017-4759-2$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00330-017-4759-2$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28168374$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lee, Minsu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shin, Su-Jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oh, Young Taik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jung, Dae Chul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cho, Nam Hoon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Young Deuk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Sung Yoon</creatorcontrib><title>Non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging for bladder cancer: fused high b value diffusion-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging helps evaluate depth of invasion</title><title>European radiology</title><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><description>Objects
To investigate the utility of fused high
b
value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) for evaluating depth of invasion in bladder cancer.
Methods
We included 62 patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgically confirmed urothelial carcinoma in the urinary bladder. An experienced genitourinary radiologist analysed the depth of invasion (T stage <2 or ≥2) using T2WI, DWI, T2WI plus DWI, and fused DWI and T2WI (fusion MRI). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were investigated. Area under the curve (AUC) was analysed to identify T stage ≥2.
Results
The rate of patients with surgically confirmed T stage ≥2 was 41.9% (26/62). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 50.0%, 55.6%, 44.8%, 60.6% and 53.2%, respectively, with T2WI; 57.7%, 77.8%, 65.2%, 71.8% and 69.4%, respectively, with DWI; 65.4%, 80.6%, 70.8%, 76.3% and 74.2%, respectively, with T2WI plus DWI and 80.8%, 77.8%, 72.4%, 84.9% and 79.0%, respectively, with fusion MRI. AUC was 0.528 with T2WI, 0.677 with DWI, 0.730 with T2WI plus DWI and 0.793 with fusion MRI for T stage ≥2.
Conclusion
Fused high
b
value DWI and T2WI may be a promising non-contrast MRI technique for assessing depth of invasion in bladder cancer.
Key Points
•
Accuracy of fusion MRI was 79.0% for T stage ≥2 in bladder cancer
.
•
AUC of fusion MRI was 0.793 for T stage ≥2 in bladder cancer
.
•
Diagnostic performance of fusion MRI was comparable with T2WI plus DWI
.
•
As a non-contrast MRI technique, fusion MRI is useful for bladder cancer
.</description><subject>Accuracy</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Area Under Curve</subject><subject>Bladder</subject><subject>Bladder cancer</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Carcinoma - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Carcinoma - pathology</subject><subject>Diagnostic Radiology</subject><subject>Diagnostic systems</subject><subject>Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Imaging</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Interventional Radiology</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</subject><subject>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - standards</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neuroradiology</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Radiology</subject><subject>Resonance</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Sensitivity</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Ultrasound</subject><subject>Urethral Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Urethral Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Urinary bladder</subject><subject>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Urogenital</subject><subject>Urothelial carcinoma</subject><issn>0938-7994</issn><issn>1432-1084</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kcuOFCEUhonROO3oA7gxJG7coHCgGnBnJt6SiW7GNaHg0F2TaqqFqpn4Oj6pVHrGGI0rkv_yAfkJeS74a8G5flM5l5IzLjRTurMMHpCNUBKY4EY9JBtupWHaWnVGntR6zTm3QunH5AyM2Bqp1Yb8_DJlFqY8F19nevC7jPMQaME6ZZ8D0qFpQ97RNBXajz5GLDSsTnlL01Ix0v2w29Oe3vhxQRqH1NShQW-x6XPz7wk-R3oF_-p7HI-V4tr3cyPgcd7TKdEh3_iV9JQ8Sn6s-OzuPCffPry_uvjELr9-_Hzx7pIFJc3MMAJC1FL3SlqEsI0Ct0EBN1x4SAmiNR2E5CP0AEpIkEF2CYI2FqUx8py8OnGPZfq-YJ3dYagBx9FnnJbqhNl2pjWVbdGXf0Wvp6Xk9jonLHRWg-10S4lTKpSp1oLJHUv7dPnhBHfrgO40oGsDunVAB63z4o689AeMvxv3i7UAnAK1WXmH5Y-r_0v9Bfokp-w</recordid><startdate>20170901</startdate><enddate>20170901</enddate><creator>Lee, Minsu</creator><creator>Shin, Su-Jin</creator><creator>Oh, Young Taik</creator><creator>Jung, Dae Chul</creator><creator>Cho, Nam Hoon</creator><creator>Choi, Young Deuk</creator><creator>Park, Sung Yoon</creator><general>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1322-0526</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20170901</creationdate><title>Non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging for bladder cancer: fused high b value diffusion-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging helps evaluate depth of invasion</title><author>Lee, Minsu ; Shin, Su-Jin ; Oh, Young Taik ; Jung, Dae Chul ; Cho, Nam Hoon ; Choi, Young Deuk ; Park, Sung Yoon</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-ed2e2d737b439e2c6d1e6c420801a2ff2d9852cfad2b2241323c35f2c789e3883</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Accuracy</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Area Under Curve</topic><topic>Bladder</topic><topic>Bladder cancer</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Carcinoma - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Carcinoma - pathology</topic><topic>Diagnostic Radiology</topic><topic>Diagnostic systems</topic><topic>Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Imaging</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Interventional Radiology</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance imaging</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods</topic><topic>Magnetic Resonance Imaging - standards</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Neuroradiology</topic><topic>NMR</topic><topic>Nuclear magnetic resonance</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Radiology</topic><topic>Resonance</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Sensitivity</topic><topic>Sensitivity and Specificity</topic><topic>Ultrasound</topic><topic>Urethral Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Urethral Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Urinary bladder</topic><topic>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Urogenital</topic><topic>Urothelial carcinoma</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lee, Minsu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shin, Su-Jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oh, Young Taik</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jung, Dae Chul</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cho, Nam Hoon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Young Deuk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Sung Yoon</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>European radiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lee, Minsu</au><au>Shin, Su-Jin</au><au>Oh, Young Taik</au><au>Jung, Dae Chul</au><au>Cho, Nam Hoon</au><au>Choi, Young Deuk</au><au>Park, Sung Yoon</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging for bladder cancer: fused high b value diffusion-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging helps evaluate depth of invasion</atitle><jtitle>European radiology</jtitle><stitle>Eur Radiol</stitle><addtitle>Eur Radiol</addtitle><date>2017-09-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>27</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>3752</spage><epage>3758</epage><pages>3752-3758</pages><issn>0938-7994</issn><eissn>1432-1084</eissn><abstract>Objects
To investigate the utility of fused high
b
value diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) for evaluating depth of invasion in bladder cancer.
Methods
We included 62 patients with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgically confirmed urothelial carcinoma in the urinary bladder. An experienced genitourinary radiologist analysed the depth of invasion (T stage <2 or ≥2) using T2WI, DWI, T2WI plus DWI, and fused DWI and T2WI (fusion MRI). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy were investigated. Area under the curve (AUC) was analysed to identify T stage ≥2.
Results
The rate of patients with surgically confirmed T stage ≥2 was 41.9% (26/62). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy were 50.0%, 55.6%, 44.8%, 60.6% and 53.2%, respectively, with T2WI; 57.7%, 77.8%, 65.2%, 71.8% and 69.4%, respectively, with DWI; 65.4%, 80.6%, 70.8%, 76.3% and 74.2%, respectively, with T2WI plus DWI and 80.8%, 77.8%, 72.4%, 84.9% and 79.0%, respectively, with fusion MRI. AUC was 0.528 with T2WI, 0.677 with DWI, 0.730 with T2WI plus DWI and 0.793 with fusion MRI for T stage ≥2.
Conclusion
Fused high
b
value DWI and T2WI may be a promising non-contrast MRI technique for assessing depth of invasion in bladder cancer.
Key Points
•
Accuracy of fusion MRI was 79.0% for T stage ≥2 in bladder cancer
.
•
AUC of fusion MRI was 0.793 for T stage ≥2 in bladder cancer
.
•
Diagnostic performance of fusion MRI was comparable with T2WI plus DWI
.
•
As a non-contrast MRI technique, fusion MRI is useful for bladder cancer
.</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>28168374</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00330-017-4759-2</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1322-0526</orcidid></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | European radiology, 2017-09, Vol.27 (9), p.3752-3758 |
| issn | 0938-7994 1432-1084 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1865822449 |
| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals |
| subjects | Accuracy Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Area Under Curve Bladder Bladder cancer Cancer Carcinoma - diagnostic imaging Carcinoma - pathology Diagnostic Radiology Diagnostic systems Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Female Health risk assessment Humans Imaging Internal Medicine Interventional Radiology Magnetic resonance imaging Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Magnetic Resonance Imaging - standards Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Neuroradiology NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Patients Predictive Value of Tests Radiology Resonance Retrospective Studies Sensitivity Sensitivity and Specificity Ultrasound Urethral Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging Urethral Neoplasms - pathology Urinary bladder Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging Urinary Bladder Neoplasms - pathology Urogenital Urothelial carcinoma |
| title | Non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging for bladder cancer: fused high b value diffusion-weighted imaging and T2-weighted imaging helps evaluate depth of invasion |
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