Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia
Context: Sida (Malvaceae) has been used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of diarrhoea, malarial, gastrointestinal dysentery, fevers, asthma and inflammation. Objectives: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-cholinergic activities of Sida rhombifolia Linn. whole pla...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Pharmaceutical biology 2017-01, Vol.55 (1), p.920-928 |
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| creator | Mah, Siau Hui Teh, Soek Sin Ee, Gwendoline Cheng Lian |
| description | Context: Sida (Malvaceae) has been used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of diarrhoea, malarial, gastrointestinal dysentery, fevers, asthma and inflammation.
Objectives: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-cholinergic activities of Sida rhombifolia Linn. whole plant for the first time.
Materials and methods: S. rhombifolia whole plant was extracted by n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The plant extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant (DPPH, FIC and FRAP), anti-inflammatory (NO and protein denaturation inhibitions), cytotoxic (MTT) and anti-cholinesterase (AChE) properties in a range of concentrations to obtain IC
50
values. GC-MS analysis was carried out on the n-hexane extract.
Results and discussion: The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most significant antioxidant activities by scavenging DPPH radicals and ferrous ions with EC
50
of 380.5 and 263.4 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the n-hexane extract showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity with IC
50
of 52.16 and 146.03 μg/mL for NO and protein denaturation inhibition assays, respectively. The same extract also revealed the strongest effects in anti-cholinesterase and cytotoxic tests at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, AChE enzyme inhibition was 58.55% and human cancer cells, SNU-1 and Hep G2 inhibition was 68.52% and 47.82%, respectively. The phytochemicals present in the n-hexane extract are palmitic acid, linoleic acid and γ-sitosterol.
Conclusions: The present study revealed that the n-hexane extract possessed relatively high pharmacological activities in anti-inflammation, cytotoxicity and anti-cholinesterase assays. Thus, further work on the detail mechanism of the bioactive phytochemicals which contribute to the biological properties are strongly recommended. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1080/13880209.2017.1285322 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_infor</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1865520210</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><doaj_id>oai_doaj_org_article_f528e59106264089b99ce1522f41bfa7</doaj_id><sourcerecordid>2439423597</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c595t-8a2a5ed6e7f69bba7bef3ccc60b56f60f844dba89722633afebe5b8c411a2c8f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkk-PFCEQxTtG466rH0EziRcP9ghFQ8PFuNn4Z5M1HtQzKWiYYdLdrMCo8-1lnNmN60FPQPGrVzzymuYpJUtKJHlFmZQEiFoCof2SguQM4F5zSvuuazml4n7dV6bdQyfNo5w3hBDOGH_YnICkHESnTpuP53MJbZj9iNOEJabdywXuS3YdxzC7tAq2FoaF3ZVY4s96ct47W_Ii-sXnMOAireNkgq84Pm4eeByze3Jcz5qv795-ufjQXn16f3lxftVarnhpJQJyNwjXe6GMwd44z6y1ghguvCBedt1gUKoeQDCG3hnHjbQdpQhWenbWXB50h4gbfZ3ChGmnIwb9uxDTSmMqwY5Oew7ScUWJqIaJVEYp66p78B01Hvuq9fqgdb01kxusm0vC8Y7o3Zs5rPUqfteCMiKoqAIvjgIpftu6XPQUsnXjiLOL26yhY6oDxlX_X5RKwTkQoKSiz_9CN3Gb5vqrGqjioBiTUCl-oGyKOSfnb99Nid7nRN_kRO9zoo85qX3P_jR923UTjAq8OQA1GjFN-COmcdAFd2NMPuFsQ9bs3zN-ASaNzKE</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Website</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2195293382</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia</title><source>Taylor & Francis Open Access</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Mah, Siau Hui ; Teh, Soek Sin ; Ee, Gwendoline Cheng Lian</creator><creatorcontrib>Mah, Siau Hui ; Teh, Soek Sin ; Ee, Gwendoline Cheng Lian</creatorcontrib><description>Context: Sida (Malvaceae) has been used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of diarrhoea, malarial, gastrointestinal dysentery, fevers, asthma and inflammation.
Objectives: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-cholinergic activities of Sida rhombifolia Linn. whole plant for the first time.
Materials and methods: S. rhombifolia whole plant was extracted by n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The plant extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant (DPPH, FIC and FRAP), anti-inflammatory (NO and protein denaturation inhibitions), cytotoxic (MTT) and anti-cholinesterase (AChE) properties in a range of concentrations to obtain IC
50
values. GC-MS analysis was carried out on the n-hexane extract.
Results and discussion: The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most significant antioxidant activities by scavenging DPPH radicals and ferrous ions with EC
50
of 380.5 and 263.4 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the n-hexane extract showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity with IC
50
of 52.16 and 146.03 μg/mL for NO and protein denaturation inhibition assays, respectively. The same extract also revealed the strongest effects in anti-cholinesterase and cytotoxic tests at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, AChE enzyme inhibition was 58.55% and human cancer cells, SNU-1 and Hep G2 inhibition was 68.52% and 47.82%, respectively. The phytochemicals present in the n-hexane extract are palmitic acid, linoleic acid and γ-sitosterol.
Conclusions: The present study revealed that the n-hexane extract possessed relatively high pharmacological activities in anti-inflammation, cytotoxicity and anti-cholinesterase assays. Thus, further work on the detail mechanism of the bioactive phytochemicals which contribute to the biological properties are strongly recommended.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1388-0209</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1744-5116</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1744-5116</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1285322</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28152649</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Taylor & Francis</publisher><subject>Acetic acid ; Acetylcholinesterase ; Animals ; anti-inflammatory activity ; Anti-inflammatory agents ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - pharmacology ; Antioxidants ; Antioxidants - pharmacology ; arrowleaf sida ; Artemia ; Asthma ; brine shrimp ; Cholinergic Antagonists - pharmacology ; Cholinesterase ; cholinesterase inhibitors ; Cholinesterase Inhibitors - pharmacology ; Cytotoxicity ; Diarrhea ; Dysentery ; enzyme inhibition ; Ethyl acetate ; gastrointestinal system ; hexane ; humans ; Inflammation ; Linoleic acid ; Malvaceae - chemistry ; methanol ; Mice ; MTT ; n-Hexane ; nitric oxide ; Palmitic acid ; Phenols - analysis ; Phytochemicals ; Plant extracts ; Plant Extracts - pharmacology ; Protein denaturation ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Sida rhombifolia</subject><ispartof>Pharmaceutical biology, 2017-01, Vol.55 (1), p.920-928</ispartof><rights>2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. 2017</rights><rights>2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2017 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. 2017 The Author(s).</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c595t-8a2a5ed6e7f69bba7bef3ccc60b56f60f844dba89722633afebe5b8c411a2c8f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c595t-8a2a5ed6e7f69bba7bef3ccc60b56f60f844dba89722633afebe5b8c411a2c8f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130616/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6130616/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,2096,27479,27901,27902,53766,53768,59116,59117</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28152649$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mah, Siau Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Teh, Soek Sin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ee, Gwendoline Cheng Lian</creatorcontrib><title>Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia</title><title>Pharmaceutical biology</title><addtitle>Pharm Biol</addtitle><description>Context: Sida (Malvaceae) has been used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of diarrhoea, malarial, gastrointestinal dysentery, fevers, asthma and inflammation.
Objectives: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-cholinergic activities of Sida rhombifolia Linn. whole plant for the first time.
Materials and methods: S. rhombifolia whole plant was extracted by n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The plant extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant (DPPH, FIC and FRAP), anti-inflammatory (NO and protein denaturation inhibitions), cytotoxic (MTT) and anti-cholinesterase (AChE) properties in a range of concentrations to obtain IC
50
values. GC-MS analysis was carried out on the n-hexane extract.
Results and discussion: The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most significant antioxidant activities by scavenging DPPH radicals and ferrous ions with EC
50
of 380.5 and 263.4 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the n-hexane extract showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity with IC
50
of 52.16 and 146.03 μg/mL for NO and protein denaturation inhibition assays, respectively. The same extract also revealed the strongest effects in anti-cholinesterase and cytotoxic tests at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, AChE enzyme inhibition was 58.55% and human cancer cells, SNU-1 and Hep G2 inhibition was 68.52% and 47.82%, respectively. The phytochemicals present in the n-hexane extract are palmitic acid, linoleic acid and γ-sitosterol.
Conclusions: The present study revealed that the n-hexane extract possessed relatively high pharmacological activities in anti-inflammation, cytotoxicity and anti-cholinesterase assays. Thus, further work on the detail mechanism of the bioactive phytochemicals which contribute to the biological properties are strongly recommended.</description><subject>Acetic acid</subject><subject>Acetylcholinesterase</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>anti-inflammatory activity</subject><subject>Anti-inflammatory agents</subject><subject>Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Antioxidants - pharmacology</subject><subject>arrowleaf sida</subject><subject>Artemia</subject><subject>Asthma</subject><subject>brine shrimp</subject><subject>Cholinergic Antagonists - pharmacology</subject><subject>Cholinesterase</subject><subject>cholinesterase inhibitors</subject><subject>Cholinesterase Inhibitors - pharmacology</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Diarrhea</subject><subject>Dysentery</subject><subject>enzyme inhibition</subject><subject>Ethyl acetate</subject><subject>gastrointestinal system</subject><subject>hexane</subject><subject>humans</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Linoleic acid</subject><subject>Malvaceae - chemistry</subject><subject>methanol</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>MTT</subject><subject>n-Hexane</subject><subject>nitric oxide</subject><subject>Palmitic acid</subject><subject>Phenols - analysis</subject><subject>Phytochemicals</subject><subject>Plant extracts</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</subject><subject>Protein denaturation</subject><subject>RAW 264.7 Cells</subject><subject>Sida rhombifolia</subject><issn>1388-0209</issn><issn>1744-5116</issn><issn>1744-5116</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>0YH</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>DOA</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkk-PFCEQxTtG466rH0EziRcP9ghFQ8PFuNn4Z5M1HtQzKWiYYdLdrMCo8-1lnNmN60FPQPGrVzzymuYpJUtKJHlFmZQEiFoCof2SguQM4F5zSvuuazml4n7dV6bdQyfNo5w3hBDOGH_YnICkHESnTpuP53MJbZj9iNOEJabdywXuS3YdxzC7tAq2FoaF3ZVY4s96ct47W_Ii-sXnMOAireNkgq84Pm4eeByze3Jcz5qv795-ufjQXn16f3lxftVarnhpJQJyNwjXe6GMwd44z6y1ghguvCBedt1gUKoeQDCG3hnHjbQdpQhWenbWXB50h4gbfZ3ChGmnIwb9uxDTSmMqwY5Oew7ScUWJqIaJVEYp66p78B01Hvuq9fqgdb01kxusm0vC8Y7o3Zs5rPUqfteCMiKoqAIvjgIpftu6XPQUsnXjiLOL26yhY6oDxlX_X5RKwTkQoKSiz_9CN3Gb5vqrGqjioBiTUCl-oGyKOSfnb99Nid7nRN_kRO9zoo85qX3P_jR923UTjAq8OQA1GjFN-COmcdAFd2NMPuFsQ9bs3zN-ASaNzKE</recordid><startdate>20170101</startdate><enddate>20170101</enddate><creator>Mah, Siau Hui</creator><creator>Teh, Soek Sin</creator><creator>Ee, Gwendoline Cheng Lian</creator><general>Taylor & Francis</general><general>Taylor & Francis Ltd</general><general>Taylor & Francis Group</general><scope>0YH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><scope>5PM</scope><scope>DOA</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170101</creationdate><title>Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia</title><author>Mah, Siau Hui ; Teh, Soek Sin ; Ee, Gwendoline Cheng Lian</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c595t-8a2a5ed6e7f69bba7bef3ccc60b56f60f844dba89722633afebe5b8c411a2c8f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Acetic acid</topic><topic>Acetylcholinesterase</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>anti-inflammatory activity</topic><topic>Anti-inflammatory agents</topic><topic>Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - pharmacology</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Antioxidants - pharmacology</topic><topic>arrowleaf sida</topic><topic>Artemia</topic><topic>Asthma</topic><topic>brine shrimp</topic><topic>Cholinergic Antagonists - pharmacology</topic><topic>Cholinesterase</topic><topic>cholinesterase inhibitors</topic><topic>Cholinesterase Inhibitors - pharmacology</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Diarrhea</topic><topic>Dysentery</topic><topic>enzyme inhibition</topic><topic>Ethyl acetate</topic><topic>gastrointestinal system</topic><topic>hexane</topic><topic>humans</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Linoleic acid</topic><topic>Malvaceae - chemistry</topic><topic>methanol</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>MTT</topic><topic>n-Hexane</topic><topic>nitric oxide</topic><topic>Palmitic acid</topic><topic>Phenols - analysis</topic><topic>Phytochemicals</topic><topic>Plant extracts</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</topic><topic>Protein denaturation</topic><topic>RAW 264.7 Cells</topic><topic>Sida rhombifolia</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mah, Siau Hui</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Teh, Soek Sin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ee, Gwendoline Cheng Lian</creatorcontrib><collection>Taylor & Francis Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><collection>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</collection><jtitle>Pharmaceutical biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mah, Siau Hui</au><au>Teh, Soek Sin</au><au>Ee, Gwendoline Cheng Lian</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia</atitle><jtitle>Pharmaceutical biology</jtitle><addtitle>Pharm Biol</addtitle><date>2017-01-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>55</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>920</spage><epage>928</epage><pages>920-928</pages><issn>1388-0209</issn><issn>1744-5116</issn><eissn>1744-5116</eissn><abstract>Context: Sida (Malvaceae) has been used as a traditional remedy for the treatment of diarrhoea, malarial, gastrointestinal dysentery, fevers, asthma and inflammation.
Objectives: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-cholinergic activities of Sida rhombifolia Linn. whole plant for the first time.
Materials and methods: S. rhombifolia whole plant was extracted by n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The plant extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant (DPPH, FIC and FRAP), anti-inflammatory (NO and protein denaturation inhibitions), cytotoxic (MTT) and anti-cholinesterase (AChE) properties in a range of concentrations to obtain IC
50
values. GC-MS analysis was carried out on the n-hexane extract.
Results and discussion: The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most significant antioxidant activities by scavenging DPPH radicals and ferrous ions with EC
50
of 380.5 and 263.4 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, the n-hexane extract showed the strongest anti-inflammatory activity with IC
50
of 52.16 and 146.03 μg/mL for NO and protein denaturation inhibition assays, respectively. The same extract also revealed the strongest effects in anti-cholinesterase and cytotoxic tests at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, AChE enzyme inhibition was 58.55% and human cancer cells, SNU-1 and Hep G2 inhibition was 68.52% and 47.82%, respectively. The phytochemicals present in the n-hexane extract are palmitic acid, linoleic acid and γ-sitosterol.
Conclusions: The present study revealed that the n-hexane extract possessed relatively high pharmacological activities in anti-inflammation, cytotoxicity and anti-cholinesterase assays. Thus, further work on the detail mechanism of the bioactive phytochemicals which contribute to the biological properties are strongly recommended.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Taylor & Francis</pub><pmid>28152649</pmid><doi>10.1080/13880209.2017.1285322</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acetic acid Acetylcholinesterase Animals anti-inflammatory activity Anti-inflammatory agents Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic - pharmacology Antioxidants Antioxidants - pharmacology arrowleaf sida Artemia Asthma brine shrimp Cholinergic Antagonists - pharmacology Cholinesterase cholinesterase inhibitors Cholinesterase Inhibitors - pharmacology Cytotoxicity Diarrhea Dysentery enzyme inhibition Ethyl acetate gastrointestinal system hexane humans Inflammation Linoleic acid Malvaceae - chemistry methanol Mice MTT n-Hexane nitric oxide Palmitic acid Phenols - analysis Phytochemicals Plant extracts Plant Extracts - pharmacology Protein denaturation RAW 264.7 Cells Sida rhombifolia |
| title | Anti-inflammatory, anti-cholinergic and cytotoxic effects of Sida rhombifolia |
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