Micro-structural and Biaxial Creep Properties of the Swine Uterosacral–Cardinal Ligament Complex
The uterosacral ligament and cardinal ligament (USL/CL) complex is the major suspensory tissue of the uterus, cervix, and vagina. This tissue is subjected primarily to bi-axial forces in-vivo that significantly alter its structure and dimension over time, compromising its support function and leadin...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Annals of biomedical engineering 2016-11, Vol.44 (11), p.3225-3237 |
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| creator | Tan, Ting Cholewa, Nathan M. Case, Scott W. De Vita, Raffaella |
| description | The uterosacral ligament and cardinal ligament (USL/CL) complex is the major suspensory tissue of the uterus, cervix, and vagina. This tissue is subjected primarily to bi-axial forces
in-vivo
that significantly alter its structure and dimension over time, compromising its support function and leading to pelvic floor disorders. In this study, we present the first rigorous characterization of the collagen fiber microstructure and creep properties of the swine USL/CL complex by using scanning electron microscopy and planar biaxial testing in combination with three-dimensional digital image correlation. Collagen fiber bundles were found to be arranged into layers. Although the fiber bundles were oriented in multiple directions, 80.8% of them were aligned within ±45
∘
to the main
in-vivo
loading direction. The straightness parameter, defined as the ratio of the end-to-end distance of a fiber bundle to its length, varied from 0.28 to 1.00, with 95.2% fiber bundles having a straightness parameter between 0.60 and 1.00. Under constant equi-biaxial loads of 2 and 4 N, the USL/CL complex exhibited significant creep both along the main
in-vivo
loading direction (the parallel direction) and along the direction perpendicular to it (the perpendicular direction). Specifically, over a 120-min period, the mean strain increased by 20–34
%
in the parallel direction and 33–41
%
in the perpendicular direction. However, there was no statistically significant difference in creep strains observed after 120 min between the parallel and perpendicular directions for either the 2 or 4 N load case. Creep proceeded slightly faster in the perpendicular direction under the equi-biaxial load of 2 N than under the equi-biaxial load of 4 N (
p
=
0.3696
). It proceeded significantly faster in the parallel direction under the equi-biaxial loads of 2 N than under the equi-biaxial loads of 4 N (
p
=
0.0284
). Overall, our findings contribute to a greater understanding of the biomaterial properties of the USL/CL complex that is needed for the development of new surgical reconstruction methods and mesh materials for pelvic floor disorders. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10439-016-1661-z |
| format | Article |
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in-vivo
that significantly alter its structure and dimension over time, compromising its support function and leading to pelvic floor disorders. In this study, we present the first rigorous characterization of the collagen fiber microstructure and creep properties of the swine USL/CL complex by using scanning electron microscopy and planar biaxial testing in combination with three-dimensional digital image correlation. Collagen fiber bundles were found to be arranged into layers. Although the fiber bundles were oriented in multiple directions, 80.8% of them were aligned within ±45
∘
to the main
in-vivo
loading direction. The straightness parameter, defined as the ratio of the end-to-end distance of a fiber bundle to its length, varied from 0.28 to 1.00, with 95.2% fiber bundles having a straightness parameter between 0.60 and 1.00. Under constant equi-biaxial loads of 2 and 4 N, the USL/CL complex exhibited significant creep both along the main
in-vivo
loading direction (the parallel direction) and along the direction perpendicular to it (the perpendicular direction). Specifically, over a 120-min period, the mean strain increased by 20–34
%
in the parallel direction and 33–41
%
in the perpendicular direction. However, there was no statistically significant difference in creep strains observed after 120 min between the parallel and perpendicular directions for either the 2 or 4 N load case. Creep proceeded slightly faster in the perpendicular direction under the equi-biaxial load of 2 N than under the equi-biaxial load of 4 N (
p
=
0.3696
). It proceeded significantly faster in the parallel direction under the equi-biaxial loads of 2 N than under the equi-biaxial loads of 4 N (
p
=
0.0284
). Overall, our findings contribute to a greater understanding of the biomaterial properties of the USL/CL complex that is needed for the development of new surgical reconstruction methods and mesh materials for pelvic floor disorders.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0090-6964</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-9686</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1661-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27256362</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Animals ; Biochemistry ; Biological and Medical Physics ; Biomaterials ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering ; Biomedicine ; Biophysics ; Bundles ; Cervix Uteri - pathology ; Cervix Uteri - physiopathology ; Classical Mechanics ; Creep (materials) ; Disorders ; Female ; Fibers ; Ligaments ; Ligaments - pathology ; Ligaments - physiopathology ; Parameters ; Pelvic Floor Disorders - pathology ; Pelvic Floor Disorders - physiopathology ; Pelvic Floor Disorders - surgery ; Straightness ; Swine ; Uterus - pathology ; Uterus - physiopathology ; Vagina - pathology ; Vagina - physiopathology</subject><ispartof>Annals of biomedical engineering, 2016-11, Vol.44 (11), p.3225-3237</ispartof><rights>Biomedical Engineering Society 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-b62ba5cda20cfcc86abcfd280aae27c1487b9af5475fdf0d6250c603efab4ec73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-b62ba5cda20cfcc86abcfd280aae27c1487b9af5475fdf0d6250c603efab4ec73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10439-016-1661-z$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10439-016-1661-z$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,27905,27906,41469,42538,51300</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27256362$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tan, Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cholewa, Nathan M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Case, Scott W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Vita, Raffaella</creatorcontrib><title>Micro-structural and Biaxial Creep Properties of the Swine Uterosacral–Cardinal Ligament Complex</title><title>Annals of biomedical engineering</title><addtitle>Ann Biomed Eng</addtitle><addtitle>Ann Biomed Eng</addtitle><description>The uterosacral ligament and cardinal ligament (USL/CL) complex is the major suspensory tissue of the uterus, cervix, and vagina. This tissue is subjected primarily to bi-axial forces
in-vivo
that significantly alter its structure and dimension over time, compromising its support function and leading to pelvic floor disorders. In this study, we present the first rigorous characterization of the collagen fiber microstructure and creep properties of the swine USL/CL complex by using scanning electron microscopy and planar biaxial testing in combination with three-dimensional digital image correlation. Collagen fiber bundles were found to be arranged into layers. Although the fiber bundles were oriented in multiple directions, 80.8% of them were aligned within ±45
∘
to the main
in-vivo
loading direction. The straightness parameter, defined as the ratio of the end-to-end distance of a fiber bundle to its length, varied from 0.28 to 1.00, with 95.2% fiber bundles having a straightness parameter between 0.60 and 1.00. Under constant equi-biaxial loads of 2 and 4 N, the USL/CL complex exhibited significant creep both along the main
in-vivo
loading direction (the parallel direction) and along the direction perpendicular to it (the perpendicular direction). Specifically, over a 120-min period, the mean strain increased by 20–34
%
in the parallel direction and 33–41
%
in the perpendicular direction. However, there was no statistically significant difference in creep strains observed after 120 min between the parallel and perpendicular directions for either the 2 or 4 N load case. Creep proceeded slightly faster in the perpendicular direction under the equi-biaxial load of 2 N than under the equi-biaxial load of 4 N (
p
=
0.3696
). It proceeded significantly faster in the parallel direction under the equi-biaxial loads of 2 N than under the equi-biaxial loads of 4 N (
p
=
0.0284
). Overall, our findings contribute to a greater understanding of the biomaterial properties of the USL/CL complex that is needed for the development of new surgical reconstruction methods and mesh materials for pelvic floor disorders.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biological and Medical Physics</subject><subject>Biomaterials</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Biophysics</subject><subject>Bundles</subject><subject>Cervix Uteri - pathology</subject><subject>Cervix Uteri - physiopathology</subject><subject>Classical Mechanics</subject><subject>Creep (materials)</subject><subject>Disorders</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fibers</subject><subject>Ligaments</subject><subject>Ligaments - pathology</subject><subject>Ligaments - physiopathology</subject><subject>Parameters</subject><subject>Pelvic Floor Disorders - pathology</subject><subject>Pelvic Floor Disorders - physiopathology</subject><subject>Pelvic Floor Disorders - surgery</subject><subject>Straightness</subject><subject>Swine</subject><subject>Uterus - pathology</subject><subject>Uterus - physiopathology</subject><subject>Vagina - pathology</subject><subject>Vagina - physiopathology</subject><issn>0090-6964</issn><issn>1573-9686</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0ctu1DAUBmALUTHDwAOwQZHYsDE9dhzHWULETZqqSNC15TjHxaPcsBNRuuIdeMM-ST2aUiGkSrOKpXz_sXV-Ql4weMMAytPIQOQVBSYpk5LR60dkzYoyp5VU8jFZA1RAZSXFijyNcQfAmMqLJ2TFS17IXPI1ac68DSONc1jsvATTZWZos3feXPl0rgPilH0J44Rh9hiz0WXzd8y-_vQDZhczhjEam1I3v__UJrR-SKGtvzQ9DnNWj_3U4dUzcuJMF_H53XdDLj68_1Z_otvzj5_rt1tqRVnMtJG8MYVtDQfrrFXSNNa1XIExyEvLhCqbyrgiYdc6aCUvwErI0ZlGoC3zDXl9mDuF8ceCcda9jxa7zgw4LlEzJUVRCiX4EVRIASrxIyiXacVc7emr_-huXEJayV7l6eGpqCopdlBp7zEGdHoKvjfhl2ag97XqQ606ab2vVV-nzMu7yUvTY3uf-NtjAvwAYvo1XGL45-oHp94Ca8SvOw</recordid><startdate>20161101</startdate><enddate>20161101</enddate><creator>Tan, Ting</creator><creator>Cholewa, Nathan M.</creator><creator>Case, Scott W.</creator><creator>De Vita, Raffaella</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20161101</creationdate><title>Micro-structural and Biaxial Creep Properties of the Swine Uterosacral–Cardinal Ligament Complex</title><author>Tan, Ting ; Cholewa, Nathan M. ; Case, Scott W. ; De Vita, Raffaella</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c475t-b62ba5cda20cfcc86abcfd280aae27c1487b9af5475fdf0d6250c603efab4ec73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biological and Medical Physics</topic><topic>Biomaterials</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Biophysics</topic><topic>Bundles</topic><topic>Cervix Uteri - pathology</topic><topic>Cervix Uteri - physiopathology</topic><topic>Classical Mechanics</topic><topic>Creep (materials)</topic><topic>Disorders</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fibers</topic><topic>Ligaments</topic><topic>Ligaments - pathology</topic><topic>Ligaments - physiopathology</topic><topic>Parameters</topic><topic>Pelvic Floor Disorders - pathology</topic><topic>Pelvic Floor Disorders - physiopathology</topic><topic>Pelvic Floor Disorders - surgery</topic><topic>Straightness</topic><topic>Swine</topic><topic>Uterus - pathology</topic><topic>Uterus - physiopathology</topic><topic>Vagina - pathology</topic><topic>Vagina - physiopathology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tan, Ting</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cholewa, Nathan M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Case, Scott W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>De Vita, Raffaella</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ceramic Abstracts</collection><collection>Computer and Information Systems Abstracts</collection><collection>Corrosion Abstracts</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Materials Business File</collection><collection>Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health and Medical</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>METADEX</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database (1962 - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Annals of biomedical engineering</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tan, Ting</au><au>Cholewa, Nathan M.</au><au>Case, Scott W.</au><au>De Vita, Raffaella</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Micro-structural and Biaxial Creep Properties of the Swine Uterosacral–Cardinal Ligament Complex</atitle><jtitle>Annals of biomedical engineering</jtitle><stitle>Ann Biomed Eng</stitle><addtitle>Ann Biomed Eng</addtitle><date>2016-11-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>44</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>3225</spage><epage>3237</epage><pages>3225-3237</pages><issn>0090-6964</issn><eissn>1573-9686</eissn><abstract>The uterosacral ligament and cardinal ligament (USL/CL) complex is the major suspensory tissue of the uterus, cervix, and vagina. This tissue is subjected primarily to bi-axial forces
in-vivo
that significantly alter its structure and dimension over time, compromising its support function and leading to pelvic floor disorders. In this study, we present the first rigorous characterization of the collagen fiber microstructure and creep properties of the swine USL/CL complex by using scanning electron microscopy and planar biaxial testing in combination with three-dimensional digital image correlation. Collagen fiber bundles were found to be arranged into layers. Although the fiber bundles were oriented in multiple directions, 80.8% of them were aligned within ±45
∘
to the main
in-vivo
loading direction. The straightness parameter, defined as the ratio of the end-to-end distance of a fiber bundle to its length, varied from 0.28 to 1.00, with 95.2% fiber bundles having a straightness parameter between 0.60 and 1.00. Under constant equi-biaxial loads of 2 and 4 N, the USL/CL complex exhibited significant creep both along the main
in-vivo
loading direction (the parallel direction) and along the direction perpendicular to it (the perpendicular direction). Specifically, over a 120-min period, the mean strain increased by 20–34
%
in the parallel direction and 33–41
%
in the perpendicular direction. However, there was no statistically significant difference in creep strains observed after 120 min between the parallel and perpendicular directions for either the 2 or 4 N load case. Creep proceeded slightly faster in the perpendicular direction under the equi-biaxial load of 2 N than under the equi-biaxial load of 4 N (
p
=
0.3696
). It proceeded significantly faster in the parallel direction under the equi-biaxial loads of 2 N than under the equi-biaxial loads of 4 N (
p
=
0.0284
). Overall, our findings contribute to a greater understanding of the biomaterial properties of the USL/CL complex that is needed for the development of new surgical reconstruction methods and mesh materials for pelvic floor disorders.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>27256362</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10439-016-1661-z</doi><tpages>13</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Annals of biomedical engineering, 2016-11, Vol.44 (11), p.3225-3237 |
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| subjects | Animals Biochemistry Biological and Medical Physics Biomaterials Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Biomedicine Biophysics Bundles Cervix Uteri - pathology Cervix Uteri - physiopathology Classical Mechanics Creep (materials) Disorders Female Fibers Ligaments Ligaments - pathology Ligaments - physiopathology Parameters Pelvic Floor Disorders - pathology Pelvic Floor Disorders - physiopathology Pelvic Floor Disorders - surgery Straightness Swine Uterus - pathology Uterus - physiopathology Vagina - pathology Vagina - physiopathology |
| title | Micro-structural and Biaxial Creep Properties of the Swine Uterosacral–Cardinal Ligament Complex |
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