Oral health‐related quality of life in patients with temporomandibular disorders: A case‐control study considering psychological aspects

Objectives This case‐control study aimed to compare patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and healthy controls in terms of oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) considering Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS) scores, pain duration, psychological impairment and demographic characteristics. Methods A total of 75 patients with TMD and 75 healthy controls were recruited. The short version of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) was administered for evaluating the OHRQoL. Psychosocial impairments were assessed using the General Health Questionnaire‐28 (GHQ‐28). The Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) axis I and II were also used for patient diagnosis and collecting GCPS scores, pain duration, age and gender. Independent‐sample t tests, Pearson's chi‐square tests and multiple logistic and linear regression models were applied for statistical analysis. Results The mean age of the patients was 34.3±12.4 years. A female‐to‐male ratio of 6:1 was seen in the TMD group. The prevalence and severity of the OHIP were significantly different between the TMD and control groups (66.7% vs 12.0% and 18.0 vs 9.2, respectively). According to multiple logistic regression for OHIP prevalence and multiple linear regression for OHIP severity in the TMD group, GCPS scores and pain duration, followed by psychological impairment, were the most important predictors of the OHRQoL. Conclusion TMD negatively affected the OHRQoL, particularly in patients with psychological impairments. Meanwhile, age and gender did not seem to have a serious effect. Hence, promoting the quality of life of patients with TMD requires emphasis on chronic pain management and maintaining good mental health.