Lombard effect onset times reveal the speed of vocal plasticity in a songbird
Animals that use vocal signals to communicate often compensate for interference and masking from background noise by raising the amplitude of their vocalisations. This response has been termed the Lombard effect. However, despite more than a century of research, little is known how quickly animals c...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of experimental biology 2017-03, Vol.220 (Pt 6), p.1065-1071 |
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| container_issue | Pt 6 |
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| container_title | Journal of experimental biology |
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| creator | Hardman, Samuel I Zollinger, Sue Anne Koselj, Klemen Leitner, Stefan Marshall, Rupert C Brumm, Henrik |
| description | Animals that use vocal signals to communicate often compensate for interference and masking from background noise by raising the amplitude of their vocalisations. This response has been termed the Lombard effect. However, despite more than a century of research, little is known how quickly animals can adjust the amplitude of their vocalisations after the onset of noise. The ability to respond quickly to increases in noise levels would allow animals to avoid signal masking and ensure their calls continue to be heard, even if they are interrupted by sudden bursts of high-amplitude noise. We tested how quickly singing male canaries (
) exhibit the Lombard effect by exposing them to short playbacks of white noise and measuring the speed of their responses. We show that canaries exhibit the Lombard effect in as little as 300 ms after the onset of noise and are also able to increase the amplitude of their songs mid-song and mid-phrase without pausing. Our results demonstrate high vocal plasticity in this species and suggest that birds are able to adjust the amplitude of their vocalisations very rapidly to ensure they can still be heard even during sudden changes in background noise levels. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1242/jeb.148734 |
| format | Article |
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) exhibit the Lombard effect by exposing them to short playbacks of white noise and measuring the speed of their responses. We show that canaries exhibit the Lombard effect in as little as 300 ms after the onset of noise and are also able to increase the amplitude of their songs mid-song and mid-phrase without pausing. Our results demonstrate high vocal plasticity in this species and suggest that birds are able to adjust the amplitude of their vocalisations very rapidly to ensure they can still be heard even during sudden changes in background noise levels.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0949</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1477-9145</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1242/jeb.148734</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28096429</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: The Company of Biologists Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Background noise ; Birds ; Canaries - physiology ; Female ; Hearing ; Male ; Masking ; Noise ; Noise levels ; Noise measurement ; Plastic properties ; Plasticity ; Playbacks ; Serinus canaria ; Singing ; Song ; Sound ; Vocalization behavior ; Vocalization, Animal ; White noise</subject><ispartof>Journal of experimental biology, 2017-03, Vol.220 (Pt 6), p.1065-1071</ispartof><rights>2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright The Company of Biologists Ltd Mar 15, 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c351t-ee8ef5ee57fbe299fb21c6bf893098613bae04e8ebb527f1adefbc4ce4d2d38b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c351t-ee8ef5ee57fbe299fb21c6bf893098613bae04e8ebb527f1adefbc4ce4d2d38b3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-2857-9926</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3678,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28096429$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hardman, Samuel I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zollinger, Sue Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koselj, Klemen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leitner, Stefan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, Rupert C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brumm, Henrik</creatorcontrib><title>Lombard effect onset times reveal the speed of vocal plasticity in a songbird</title><title>Journal of experimental biology</title><addtitle>J Exp Biol</addtitle><description>Animals that use vocal signals to communicate often compensate for interference and masking from background noise by raising the amplitude of their vocalisations. This response has been termed the Lombard effect. However, despite more than a century of research, little is known how quickly animals can adjust the amplitude of their vocalisations after the onset of noise. The ability to respond quickly to increases in noise levels would allow animals to avoid signal masking and ensure their calls continue to be heard, even if they are interrupted by sudden bursts of high-amplitude noise. We tested how quickly singing male canaries (
) exhibit the Lombard effect by exposing them to short playbacks of white noise and measuring the speed of their responses. We show that canaries exhibit the Lombard effect in as little as 300 ms after the onset of noise and are also able to increase the amplitude of their songs mid-song and mid-phrase without pausing. Our results demonstrate high vocal plasticity in this species and suggest that birds are able to adjust the amplitude of their vocalisations very rapidly to ensure they can still be heard even during sudden changes in background noise levels.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Background noise</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Canaries - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hearing</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Masking</subject><subject>Noise</subject><subject>Noise levels</subject><subject>Noise measurement</subject><subject>Plastic properties</subject><subject>Plasticity</subject><subject>Playbacks</subject><subject>Serinus canaria</subject><subject>Singing</subject><subject>Song</subject><subject>Sound</subject><subject>Vocalization behavior</subject><subject>Vocalization, Animal</subject><subject>White noise</subject><issn>0022-0949</issn><issn>1477-9145</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkE1LxDAQQIMouq5e_AES8CJC1yRN2-Qoi1-w4kXPJUkn2qVtapIu7L83sqsH5zIwPB7DQ-iCkgVlnN2uQS8oF1XOD9CM8qrKJOXFIZoRwlhGJJcn6DSENUlTFvwYnTBBZMmZnKGXleu18g0Ga8FE7IYAEce2h4A9bEB1OH4CDiNAg53FG2fSaexUiK1p4xa3A1Y4uOFDt745Q0dWdQHO93uO3h_u35ZP2er18Xl5t8pMXtCYAQiwBUBRWQ1MSqsZNaW2QuZEipLmWgHhCdK6YJWlqgGrDTfAG9bkQudzdL3zjt59TRBi3bfBQNepAdwUapokRZmzskro1T907SY_pO9qlnIIQStRJOpmRxnvQvBg69G3vfLbmpL6J3KdIte7yAm-3Csn3UPzh_5Wzb8BCBx31Q</recordid><startdate>20170315</startdate><enddate>20170315</enddate><creator>Hardman, Samuel I</creator><creator>Zollinger, Sue Anne</creator><creator>Koselj, Klemen</creator><creator>Leitner, Stefan</creator><creator>Marshall, Rupert C</creator><creator>Brumm, Henrik</creator><general>The Company of Biologists Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-9926</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20170315</creationdate><title>Lombard effect onset times reveal the speed of vocal plasticity in a songbird</title><author>Hardman, Samuel I ; Zollinger, Sue Anne ; Koselj, Klemen ; Leitner, Stefan ; Marshall, Rupert C ; Brumm, Henrik</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c351t-ee8ef5ee57fbe299fb21c6bf893098613bae04e8ebb527f1adefbc4ce4d2d38b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Background noise</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>Canaries - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hearing</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Masking</topic><topic>Noise</topic><topic>Noise levels</topic><topic>Noise measurement</topic><topic>Plastic properties</topic><topic>Plasticity</topic><topic>Playbacks</topic><topic>Serinus canaria</topic><topic>Singing</topic><topic>Song</topic><topic>Sound</topic><topic>Vocalization behavior</topic><topic>Vocalization, Animal</topic><topic>White noise</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hardman, Samuel I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zollinger, Sue Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koselj, Klemen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leitner, Stefan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, Rupert C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brumm, Henrik</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Journal of experimental biology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hardman, Samuel I</au><au>Zollinger, Sue Anne</au><au>Koselj, Klemen</au><au>Leitner, Stefan</au><au>Marshall, Rupert C</au><au>Brumm, Henrik</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Lombard effect onset times reveal the speed of vocal plasticity in a songbird</atitle><jtitle>Journal of experimental biology</jtitle><addtitle>J Exp Biol</addtitle><date>2017-03-15</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>220</volume><issue>Pt 6</issue><spage>1065</spage><epage>1071</epage><pages>1065-1071</pages><issn>0022-0949</issn><eissn>1477-9145</eissn><abstract>Animals that use vocal signals to communicate often compensate for interference and masking from background noise by raising the amplitude of their vocalisations. This response has been termed the Lombard effect. However, despite more than a century of research, little is known how quickly animals can adjust the amplitude of their vocalisations after the onset of noise. The ability to respond quickly to increases in noise levels would allow animals to avoid signal masking and ensure their calls continue to be heard, even if they are interrupted by sudden bursts of high-amplitude noise. We tested how quickly singing male canaries (
) exhibit the Lombard effect by exposing them to short playbacks of white noise and measuring the speed of their responses. We show that canaries exhibit the Lombard effect in as little as 300 ms after the onset of noise and are also able to increase the amplitude of their songs mid-song and mid-phrase without pausing. Our results demonstrate high vocal plasticity in this species and suggest that birds are able to adjust the amplitude of their vocalisations very rapidly to ensure they can still be heard even during sudden changes in background noise levels.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>The Company of Biologists Ltd</pub><pmid>28096429</pmid><doi>10.1242/jeb.148734</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2857-9926</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Company of Biologists |
| subjects | Animals Background noise Birds Canaries - physiology Female Hearing Male Masking Noise Noise levels Noise measurement Plastic properties Plasticity Playbacks Serinus canaria Singing Song Sound Vocalization behavior Vocalization, Animal White noise |
| title | Lombard effect onset times reveal the speed of vocal plasticity in a songbird |
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