Associations between pre‐eclampsia and protein C and protein S levels among pregnant Nigerian women
Objective To evaluate levels of protein C and free protein S among women with pre‐eclampsia, and determine whether there is a relationship between deficiencies and pre‐eclampsia. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Nigeria from July 2013 to March 2014 among 90 pregnant wom...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of gynecology and obstetrics 2017-04, Vol.137 (1), p.26-30 |
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| container_title | International journal of gynecology and obstetrics |
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| creator | Okoye, Helen C. Eweputanna, Lisa I. Okpani, Anthony O.U. Ejele, Oseikhuemen A. |
| description | Objective
To evaluate levels of protein C and free protein S among women with pre‐eclampsia, and determine whether there is a relationship between deficiencies and pre‐eclampsia.
Methods
A cross‐sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Nigeria from July 2013 to March 2014 among 90 pregnant women with pre‐eclampsia (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, proteinuria ≥300 mg in 24 hours) and 90 normotensive pregnant women (control group). Plasma levels of protein C and free protein S were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and protein C activity by a chromogenic method.
Results
Mean protein C antigen and activity levels did not differ between groups (P=0.639 and P=0.444, respectively). The incidence of protein C antigen and activity deficiency also did not differ (P=0.288 and P>0.99, respectively). The mean free protein S antigen level was higher among women with pre‐eclampsia (54.48%±19.58%) than in the control group (47.23%±10.27%; P=0.004). No woman in the control group had protein S deficiency, as compared with 2 (2%) of the women with pre‐eclampsia (P=0.497). No association was found between deficiencies of these proteins and pre‐eclampsia.
Conclusion
Deficiencies of protein C and free protein S are unlikely to be etiopathogenetic for pre‐eclampsia; therefore, therapeutic intervention should focus on other potential pathogenetic pathways.
Protein C and free protein S disorders are unlikely to be associated with pre‐eclampsia etiopathogenesis. Therapeutic intervention should focus on other potential pathogenetic pathways. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/ijgo.12085 |
| format | Article |
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To evaluate levels of protein C and free protein S among women with pre‐eclampsia, and determine whether there is a relationship between deficiencies and pre‐eclampsia.
Methods
A cross‐sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Nigeria from July 2013 to March 2014 among 90 pregnant women with pre‐eclampsia (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, proteinuria ≥300 mg in 24 hours) and 90 normotensive pregnant women (control group). Plasma levels of protein C and free protein S were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and protein C activity by a chromogenic method.
Results
Mean protein C antigen and activity levels did not differ between groups (P=0.639 and P=0.444, respectively). The incidence of protein C antigen and activity deficiency also did not differ (P=0.288 and P>0.99, respectively). The mean free protein S antigen level was higher among women with pre‐eclampsia (54.48%±19.58%) than in the control group (47.23%±10.27%; P=0.004). No woman in the control group had protein S deficiency, as compared with 2 (2%) of the women with pre‐eclampsia (P=0.497). No association was found between deficiencies of these proteins and pre‐eclampsia.
Conclusion
Deficiencies of protein C and free protein S are unlikely to be etiopathogenetic for pre‐eclampsia; therefore, therapeutic intervention should focus on other potential pathogenetic pathways.
Protein C and free protein S disorders are unlikely to be associated with pre‐eclampsia etiopathogenesis. Therapeutic intervention should focus on other potential pathogenetic pathways.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0020-7292</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-3479</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.12085</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28092096</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States</publisher><subject>Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Nigeria ; Pre-Eclampsia - blood ; Pregnancy ; Pre‐eclampsia ; Protein C ; Protein C - analysis ; Protein S ; Protein S - analysis ; Proteinuria ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Thrombophilia</subject><ispartof>International journal of gynecology and obstetrics, 2017-04, Vol.137 (1), p.26-30</ispartof><rights>2016 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics</rights><rights>2016 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3295-23d3fbc2fb0ef073a8735fdc00a2eab879db21e3399cbc6c2370b0b997f240af3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3295-23d3fbc2fb0ef073a8735fdc00a2eab879db21e3399cbc6c2370b0b997f240af3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Fijgo.12085$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Fijgo.12085$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,1417,27924,27925,45574,45575</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28092096$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Okoye, Helen C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eweputanna, Lisa I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okpani, Anthony O.U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ejele, Oseikhuemen A.</creatorcontrib><title>Associations between pre‐eclampsia and protein C and protein S levels among pregnant Nigerian women</title><title>International journal of gynecology and obstetrics</title><addtitle>Int J Gynaecol Obstet</addtitle><description>Objective
To evaluate levels of protein C and free protein S among women with pre‐eclampsia, and determine whether there is a relationship between deficiencies and pre‐eclampsia.
Methods
A cross‐sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Nigeria from July 2013 to March 2014 among 90 pregnant women with pre‐eclampsia (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, proteinuria ≥300 mg in 24 hours) and 90 normotensive pregnant women (control group). Plasma levels of protein C and free protein S were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and protein C activity by a chromogenic method.
Results
Mean protein C antigen and activity levels did not differ between groups (P=0.639 and P=0.444, respectively). The incidence of protein C antigen and activity deficiency also did not differ (P=0.288 and P>0.99, respectively). The mean free protein S antigen level was higher among women with pre‐eclampsia (54.48%±19.58%) than in the control group (47.23%±10.27%; P=0.004). No woman in the control group had protein S deficiency, as compared with 2 (2%) of the women with pre‐eclampsia (P=0.497). No association was found between deficiencies of these proteins and pre‐eclampsia.
Conclusion
Deficiencies of protein C and free protein S are unlikely to be etiopathogenetic for pre‐eclampsia; therefore, therapeutic intervention should focus on other potential pathogenetic pathways.
Protein C and free protein S disorders are unlikely to be associated with pre‐eclampsia etiopathogenesis. Therapeutic intervention should focus on other potential pathogenetic pathways.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Nigeria</subject><subject>Pre-Eclampsia - blood</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pre‐eclampsia</subject><subject>Protein C</subject><subject>Protein C - analysis</subject><subject>Protein S</subject><subject>Protein S - analysis</subject><subject>Proteinuria</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Thrombophilia</subject><issn>0020-7292</issn><issn>1879-3479</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kE1OwzAQRi0EouVnwwFQlggpZWy3dbysKihFFV0A68h2xpWrxClxStUdR-AInIWjcBJSWhArVtZ43nyaeYScUehQAHbl5rOyQxkkvT3SpomQMe8KuU_aTRNiwSRrkaMQ5gBABaWHpMUSkAxkv03sIITSOFW70odIY71C9NGiws_XNzS5KhbBqUj5rPkra3Q-Gv6tPt4fohxfMA-RKko_20zOvPJ1dO9mWDnlo1VZoD8hB1blAU937zF5url-HN7Gk-loPBxMYsOZ7MWMZ9xqw6wGtCC4SgTv2cwAKIZKN6dlmlHkXEqjTd8wLkCDllJY1gVl-TG52OY2-z0vMdRp4YLBPFcey2VIadKnPS76HBr0couaqgyhQpsuKleoap1SSDde043X9NtrA5_vcpe6wOwX_RHZAHQLrFyO63-i0vHdaLoN_QKF5IYX</recordid><startdate>201704</startdate><enddate>201704</enddate><creator>Okoye, Helen C.</creator><creator>Eweputanna, Lisa I.</creator><creator>Okpani, Anthony O.U.</creator><creator>Ejele, Oseikhuemen A.</creator><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201704</creationdate><title>Associations between pre‐eclampsia and protein C and protein S levels among pregnant Nigerian women</title><author>Okoye, Helen C. ; Eweputanna, Lisa I. ; Okpani, Anthony O.U. ; Ejele, Oseikhuemen A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3295-23d3fbc2fb0ef073a8735fdc00a2eab879db21e3399cbc6c2370b0b997f240af3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Nigeria</topic><topic>Pre-Eclampsia - blood</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pre‐eclampsia</topic><topic>Protein C</topic><topic>Protein C - analysis</topic><topic>Protein S</topic><topic>Protein S - analysis</topic><topic>Proteinuria</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Thrombophilia</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Okoye, Helen C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eweputanna, Lisa I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Okpani, Anthony O.U.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ejele, Oseikhuemen A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International journal of gynecology and obstetrics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Okoye, Helen C.</au><au>Eweputanna, Lisa I.</au><au>Okpani, Anthony O.U.</au><au>Ejele, Oseikhuemen A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Associations between pre‐eclampsia and protein C and protein S levels among pregnant Nigerian women</atitle><jtitle>International journal of gynecology and obstetrics</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Gynaecol Obstet</addtitle><date>2017-04</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>137</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>26</spage><epage>30</epage><pages>26-30</pages><issn>0020-7292</issn><eissn>1879-3479</eissn><abstract>Objective
To evaluate levels of protein C and free protein S among women with pre‐eclampsia, and determine whether there is a relationship between deficiencies and pre‐eclampsia.
Methods
A cross‐sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Nigeria from July 2013 to March 2014 among 90 pregnant women with pre‐eclampsia (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, proteinuria ≥300 mg in 24 hours) and 90 normotensive pregnant women (control group). Plasma levels of protein C and free protein S were analyzed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and protein C activity by a chromogenic method.
Results
Mean protein C antigen and activity levels did not differ between groups (P=0.639 and P=0.444, respectively). The incidence of protein C antigen and activity deficiency also did not differ (P=0.288 and P>0.99, respectively). The mean free protein S antigen level was higher among women with pre‐eclampsia (54.48%±19.58%) than in the control group (47.23%±10.27%; P=0.004). No woman in the control group had protein S deficiency, as compared with 2 (2%) of the women with pre‐eclampsia (P=0.497). No association was found between deficiencies of these proteins and pre‐eclampsia.
Conclusion
Deficiencies of protein C and free protein S are unlikely to be etiopathogenetic for pre‐eclampsia; therefore, therapeutic intervention should focus on other potential pathogenetic pathways.
Protein C and free protein S disorders are unlikely to be associated with pre‐eclampsia etiopathogenesis. Therapeutic intervention should focus on other potential pathogenetic pathways.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pmid>28092096</pmid><doi>10.1002/ijgo.12085</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Case-Control Studies Cross-Sectional Studies Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Female Humans Hypertension Nigeria Pre-Eclampsia - blood Pregnancy Pre‐eclampsia Protein C Protein C - analysis Protein S Protein S - analysis Proteinuria Risk Factors Surveys and Questionnaires Thrombophilia |
| title | Associations between pre‐eclampsia and protein C and protein S levels among pregnant Nigerian women |
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