Response of vascular pigment epithelium detachment due to age‐related macular degeneration to monthly treatment with ranibizumab: the prospective, multicentre RECOVER study
Purpose To assess the effects of monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections in patients with vascularized pigment epithelium detachment (vPED) secondary to age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods A total of 40 patients were prospectively observed and treated monthly with 0.5 mg ranibizumab...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Acta ophthalmologica (Oxford, England) England), 2017-11, Vol.95 (7), p.683-689 |
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| creator | Clemens, Christoph R. Wolf, Armin Alten, Florian Milojcic, Carolin Heiduschka, Peter Eter, Nicole |
| description | Purpose
To assess the effects of monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections in patients with vascularized pigment epithelium detachment (vPED) secondary to age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).
Methods
A total of 40 patients were prospectively observed and treated monthly with 0.5 mg ranibizumab injections (ClinicalTrials.gov Ident. NCT00976222). Inclusion criterion was a treatment‐naïve vPED lesion with a minimum height of ≥200 μm. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) were evaluated at all visits. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed at baseline and quarterly. Lesions were differentiated between serous vascular PED (svPED, group A, 29 patients) and fibrovascular PED (fPED, group B, 11 patients). Primary outcome was the effectivity of continuous monthly treatment during a 12‐month period as measured in change in BCVA. Secondary outcomes were change in PED height and PED greatest linear diameter (GLD). Further secondary outcomes were the presence of subretinal fluid and prognostic markers of an impending retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear: PED lesion height and diameter, ratio of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) size to PED size, hyperreflective lines in near‐infrared images, microrips and subretinal cleft.
Results
Mean BCVA was 56.9 ± 11.5 letters (A: 55.4 ± 10.8; B: 59.1 ± 13.4) at baseline and 55.1 ± 15.9 (A: 53.7 ± 17.0; B: 58.9 ± 12.7) at 12‐month follow‐up. Excluding the RPE tear patients, the svPED group showed an increase in BCVA from 56.1 ± 10.3 at baseline to 62.4 ± 10.2 at 12‐month follow‐up (p = 0.048). Best‐corrected visual acuity in patient who developed a RPE tear was 55.8 ± 12.5 at baseline and 37.1 ± 14.9 at 12‐month follow‐up. The mean change in PED height was −242.1 μm ± 285.5 (A: −427.3 μm ± 299.7; B: −51.6 μm ± 99.5). The mean decrease in PED GLD was −471.8 μm ± 727.6 (A: −738.9 μm ± 788.2; B: −10.4 μm ± 185.6). In group A, 10 patients developed a RPE tear (25%) after a mean of 3.6 injections. No tear was documented in group B. Lesion height, ratio of CNV size to PED size and presence of hyperreflective lines differed significantly between patients with and without RPE tear development.
Conclusion
Serous vascular PED lesions showed an improvement regarding BCVA and morphologic characteristics unless an RPE tear occurred. In fPED lesions, a functional and morphological stabilization was observed. Monthly ranibizumab injections are an effe |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/aos.13359 |
| format | Article |
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To assess the effects of monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections in patients with vascularized pigment epithelium detachment (vPED) secondary to age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).
Methods
A total of 40 patients were prospectively observed and treated monthly with 0.5 mg ranibizumab injections (ClinicalTrials.gov Ident. NCT00976222). Inclusion criterion was a treatment‐naïve vPED lesion with a minimum height of ≥200 μm. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) were evaluated at all visits. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed at baseline and quarterly. Lesions were differentiated between serous vascular PED (svPED, group A, 29 patients) and fibrovascular PED (fPED, group B, 11 patients). Primary outcome was the effectivity of continuous monthly treatment during a 12‐month period as measured in change in BCVA. Secondary outcomes were change in PED height and PED greatest linear diameter (GLD). Further secondary outcomes were the presence of subretinal fluid and prognostic markers of an impending retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear: PED lesion height and diameter, ratio of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) size to PED size, hyperreflective lines in near‐infrared images, microrips and subretinal cleft.
Results
Mean BCVA was 56.9 ± 11.5 letters (A: 55.4 ± 10.8; B: 59.1 ± 13.4) at baseline and 55.1 ± 15.9 (A: 53.7 ± 17.0; B: 58.9 ± 12.7) at 12‐month follow‐up. Excluding the RPE tear patients, the svPED group showed an increase in BCVA from 56.1 ± 10.3 at baseline to 62.4 ± 10.2 at 12‐month follow‐up (p = 0.048). Best‐corrected visual acuity in patient who developed a RPE tear was 55.8 ± 12.5 at baseline and 37.1 ± 14.9 at 12‐month follow‐up. The mean change in PED height was −242.1 μm ± 285.5 (A: −427.3 μm ± 299.7; B: −51.6 μm ± 99.5). The mean decrease in PED GLD was −471.8 μm ± 727.6 (A: −738.9 μm ± 788.2; B: −10.4 μm ± 185.6). In group A, 10 patients developed a RPE tear (25%) after a mean of 3.6 injections. No tear was documented in group B. Lesion height, ratio of CNV size to PED size and presence of hyperreflective lines differed significantly between patients with and without RPE tear development.
Conclusion
Serous vascular PED lesions showed an improvement regarding BCVA and morphologic characteristics unless an RPE tear occurred. In fPED lesions, a functional and morphological stabilization was observed. Monthly ranibizumab injections are an effective treatment regarding the resorption of subretinal fluid in vPED due to AMD. Patients should be screened for the presence of morphologic risk factors for RPE tear development before and during treatment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1755-375X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1755-3768</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/aos.13359</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28084038</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</publisher><subject>Acuity ; Age ; Aged ; age‐related macular degeneration ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors - administration & dosage ; Angiography ; antivascular endothelial growth factor ; confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Epithelium ; Female ; Fluorescein ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fundus Oculi ; Group dynamics ; Humans ; I.R. radiation ; Immunotherapy ; Infrared imagery ; Intravitreal Injections ; Lesions ; Macular degeneration ; Male ; Medical imaging ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Optical Coherence Tomography ; Physical characteristics ; pigment epithelium detachment ; Prospective Studies ; ranibizumab ; Ranibizumab - administration & dosage ; Retina ; Retinal Detachment - diagnosis ; Retinal Detachment - drug therapy ; Retinal Detachment - etiology ; Retinal pigment epithelium ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium - pathology ; retinal pigment epithelium tear ; Risk factors ; spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - antagonists & inhibitors ; Vascularization ; Visual Acuity ; Wet Macular Degeneration - complications ; Wet Macular Degeneration - diagnosis ; Wet Macular Degeneration - drug therapy</subject><ispartof>Acta ophthalmologica (Oxford, England), 2017-11, Vol.95 (7), p.683-689</ispartof><rights>2017 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><rights>2017 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Foundation</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3889-9a73e7878d7fc16c4a011d1c9bd1d445a30e551489fa1f00aa6e08998a2ae1a63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c3889-9a73e7878d7fc16c4a011d1c9bd1d445a30e551489fa1f00aa6e08998a2ae1a63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Faos.13359$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Faos.13359$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,1427,27903,27904,45553,45554,46388,46812</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28084038$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Clemens, Christoph R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolf, Armin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alten, Florian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milojcic, Carolin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heiduschka, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eter, Nicole</creatorcontrib><title>Response of vascular pigment epithelium detachment due to age‐related macular degeneration to monthly treatment with ranibizumab: the prospective, multicentre RECOVER study</title><title>Acta ophthalmologica (Oxford, England)</title><addtitle>Acta Ophthalmol</addtitle><description>Purpose
To assess the effects of monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections in patients with vascularized pigment epithelium detachment (vPED) secondary to age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).
Methods
A total of 40 patients were prospectively observed and treated monthly with 0.5 mg ranibizumab injections (ClinicalTrials.gov Ident. NCT00976222). Inclusion criterion was a treatment‐naïve vPED lesion with a minimum height of ≥200 μm. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) were evaluated at all visits. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed at baseline and quarterly. Lesions were differentiated between serous vascular PED (svPED, group A, 29 patients) and fibrovascular PED (fPED, group B, 11 patients). Primary outcome was the effectivity of continuous monthly treatment during a 12‐month period as measured in change in BCVA. Secondary outcomes were change in PED height and PED greatest linear diameter (GLD). Further secondary outcomes were the presence of subretinal fluid and prognostic markers of an impending retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear: PED lesion height and diameter, ratio of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) size to PED size, hyperreflective lines in near‐infrared images, microrips and subretinal cleft.
Results
Mean BCVA was 56.9 ± 11.5 letters (A: 55.4 ± 10.8; B: 59.1 ± 13.4) at baseline and 55.1 ± 15.9 (A: 53.7 ± 17.0; B: 58.9 ± 12.7) at 12‐month follow‐up. Excluding the RPE tear patients, the svPED group showed an increase in BCVA from 56.1 ± 10.3 at baseline to 62.4 ± 10.2 at 12‐month follow‐up (p = 0.048). Best‐corrected visual acuity in patient who developed a RPE tear was 55.8 ± 12.5 at baseline and 37.1 ± 14.9 at 12‐month follow‐up. The mean change in PED height was −242.1 μm ± 285.5 (A: −427.3 μm ± 299.7; B: −51.6 μm ± 99.5). The mean decrease in PED GLD was −471.8 μm ± 727.6 (A: −738.9 μm ± 788.2; B: −10.4 μm ± 185.6). In group A, 10 patients developed a RPE tear (25%) after a mean of 3.6 injections. No tear was documented in group B. Lesion height, ratio of CNV size to PED size and presence of hyperreflective lines differed significantly between patients with and without RPE tear development.
Conclusion
Serous vascular PED lesions showed an improvement regarding BCVA and morphologic characteristics unless an RPE tear occurred. In fPED lesions, a functional and morphological stabilization was observed. Monthly ranibizumab injections are an effective treatment regarding the resorption of subretinal fluid in vPED due to AMD. Patients should be screened for the presence of morphologic risk factors for RPE tear development before and during treatment.</description><subject>Acuity</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>age‐related macular degeneration</subject><subject>Angiogenesis Inhibitors - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Angiography</subject><subject>antivascular endothelial growth factor</subject><subject>confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy</subject><subject>Drug Administration Schedule</subject><subject>Epithelium</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fluorescein</subject><subject>Fluorescein Angiography</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Fundus Oculi</subject><subject>Group dynamics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>I.R. radiation</subject><subject>Immunotherapy</subject><subject>Infrared imagery</subject><subject>Intravitreal Injections</subject><subject>Lesions</subject><subject>Macular degeneration</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Monoclonal antibodies</subject><subject>Optical Coherence Tomography</subject><subject>Physical characteristics</subject><subject>pigment epithelium detachment</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>ranibizumab</subject><subject>Ranibizumab - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Retina</subject><subject>Retinal Detachment - diagnosis</subject><subject>Retinal Detachment - drug therapy</subject><subject>Retinal Detachment - etiology</subject><subject>Retinal pigment epithelium</subject><subject>Retinal Pigment Epithelium - pathology</subject><subject>retinal pigment epithelium tear</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography</subject><subject>Tomography, Optical Coherence</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - antagonists & inhibitors</subject><subject>Vascularization</subject><subject>Visual Acuity</subject><subject>Wet Macular Degeneration - complications</subject><subject>Wet Macular Degeneration - diagnosis</subject><subject>Wet Macular Degeneration - drug therapy</subject><issn>1755-375X</issn><issn>1755-3768</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kUtqHDEQhpuQEDtOFrlAEGSTQMaW3N1qdXZmmDzAMDB5kF1TI1XPyEitth4245WPkJPkUDlJ5GnHi0C0KSG--lTFXxQvGT1m-ZyAC8esLOv2UXHImrqelQ0Xjx_u9Y-D4lkIF5Ryxnn1tDg4FVRUtBSHxa8VhtENAYnryRUEmQx4MuqNxSESHHXcotHJEoUR5Hb_qhKS6Ahs8PftT48GIipiYWpVuMEBPUTthjvKuiFuzY5EjxD37dfZSTwMeq1vkoX1e5L_IKN3YUQZ9RW-IzaZqGWGPZLVYr78vliREJPaPS-e9GACvrivR8W3D4uv80-z8-XHz_Oz85kshWhnLTQlNqIRqukl47ICyphisl0rpqqqhpJiXbNKtD2wnlIAjlS0rYBTQAa8PCreTN481mXCEDurg0RjYECXQscEZxWnNS0z-vof9MIlP-TpOtbybK0orzL1dqJk3jN47LvRawt-1zHa3YXY5RC7fYiZfXVvTGuL6oH8m1oGTibgWhvc_d_UnS2_TMo_UZ2q8A</recordid><startdate>201711</startdate><enddate>201711</enddate><creator>Clemens, Christoph R.</creator><creator>Wolf, Armin</creator><creator>Alten, Florian</creator><creator>Milojcic, Carolin</creator><creator>Heiduschka, Peter</creator><creator>Eter, Nicole</creator><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201711</creationdate><title>Response of vascular pigment epithelium detachment due to age‐related macular degeneration to monthly treatment with ranibizumab: the prospective, multicentre RECOVER study</title><author>Clemens, Christoph R. ; Wolf, Armin ; Alten, Florian ; Milojcic, Carolin ; Heiduschka, Peter ; Eter, Nicole</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c3889-9a73e7878d7fc16c4a011d1c9bd1d445a30e551489fa1f00aa6e08998a2ae1a63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Acuity</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>age‐related macular degeneration</topic><topic>Angiogenesis Inhibitors - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Angiography</topic><topic>antivascular endothelial growth factor</topic><topic>confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy</topic><topic>Drug Administration Schedule</topic><topic>Epithelium</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fluorescein</topic><topic>Fluorescein Angiography</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Fundus Oculi</topic><topic>Group dynamics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>I.R. radiation</topic><topic>Immunotherapy</topic><topic>Infrared imagery</topic><topic>Intravitreal Injections</topic><topic>Lesions</topic><topic>Macular degeneration</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical imaging</topic><topic>Monoclonal antibodies</topic><topic>Optical Coherence Tomography</topic><topic>Physical characteristics</topic><topic>pigment epithelium detachment</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>ranibizumab</topic><topic>Ranibizumab - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Retina</topic><topic>Retinal Detachment - diagnosis</topic><topic>Retinal Detachment - drug therapy</topic><topic>Retinal Detachment - etiology</topic><topic>Retinal pigment epithelium</topic><topic>Retinal Pigment Epithelium - pathology</topic><topic>retinal pigment epithelium tear</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography</topic><topic>Tomography, Optical Coherence</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - antagonists & inhibitors</topic><topic>Vascularization</topic><topic>Visual Acuity</topic><topic>Wet Macular Degeneration - complications</topic><topic>Wet Macular Degeneration - diagnosis</topic><topic>Wet Macular Degeneration - drug therapy</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Clemens, Christoph R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolf, Armin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alten, Florian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Milojcic, Carolin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heiduschka, Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eter, Nicole</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Acta ophthalmologica (Oxford, England)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Clemens, Christoph R.</au><au>Wolf, Armin</au><au>Alten, Florian</au><au>Milojcic, Carolin</au><au>Heiduschka, Peter</au><au>Eter, Nicole</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Response of vascular pigment epithelium detachment due to age‐related macular degeneration to monthly treatment with ranibizumab: the prospective, multicentre RECOVER study</atitle><jtitle>Acta ophthalmologica (Oxford, England)</jtitle><addtitle>Acta Ophthalmol</addtitle><date>2017-11</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>95</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>683</spage><epage>689</epage><pages>683-689</pages><issn>1755-375X</issn><eissn>1755-3768</eissn><abstract>Purpose
To assess the effects of monthly intravitreal ranibizumab injections in patients with vascularized pigment epithelium detachment (vPED) secondary to age‐related macular degeneration (AMD).
Methods
A total of 40 patients were prospectively observed and treated monthly with 0.5 mg ranibizumab injections (ClinicalTrials.gov Ident. NCT00976222). Inclusion criterion was a treatment‐naïve vPED lesion with a minimum height of ≥200 μm. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) were evaluated at all visits. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were performed at baseline and quarterly. Lesions were differentiated between serous vascular PED (svPED, group A, 29 patients) and fibrovascular PED (fPED, group B, 11 patients). Primary outcome was the effectivity of continuous monthly treatment during a 12‐month period as measured in change in BCVA. Secondary outcomes were change in PED height and PED greatest linear diameter (GLD). Further secondary outcomes were the presence of subretinal fluid and prognostic markers of an impending retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) tear: PED lesion height and diameter, ratio of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) size to PED size, hyperreflective lines in near‐infrared images, microrips and subretinal cleft.
Results
Mean BCVA was 56.9 ± 11.5 letters (A: 55.4 ± 10.8; B: 59.1 ± 13.4) at baseline and 55.1 ± 15.9 (A: 53.7 ± 17.0; B: 58.9 ± 12.7) at 12‐month follow‐up. Excluding the RPE tear patients, the svPED group showed an increase in BCVA from 56.1 ± 10.3 at baseline to 62.4 ± 10.2 at 12‐month follow‐up (p = 0.048). Best‐corrected visual acuity in patient who developed a RPE tear was 55.8 ± 12.5 at baseline and 37.1 ± 14.9 at 12‐month follow‐up. The mean change in PED height was −242.1 μm ± 285.5 (A: −427.3 μm ± 299.7; B: −51.6 μm ± 99.5). The mean decrease in PED GLD was −471.8 μm ± 727.6 (A: −738.9 μm ± 788.2; B: −10.4 μm ± 185.6). In group A, 10 patients developed a RPE tear (25%) after a mean of 3.6 injections. No tear was documented in group B. Lesion height, ratio of CNV size to PED size and presence of hyperreflective lines differed significantly between patients with and without RPE tear development.
Conclusion
Serous vascular PED lesions showed an improvement regarding BCVA and morphologic characteristics unless an RPE tear occurred. In fPED lesions, a functional and morphological stabilization was observed. Monthly ranibizumab injections are an effective treatment regarding the resorption of subretinal fluid in vPED due to AMD. Patients should be screened for the presence of morphologic risk factors for RPE tear development before and during treatment.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</pub><pmid>28084038</pmid><doi>10.1111/aos.13359</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Acta ophthalmologica (Oxford, England), 2017-11, Vol.95 (7), p.683-689 |
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| subjects | Acuity Age Aged age‐related macular degeneration Angiogenesis Inhibitors - administration & dosage Angiography antivascular endothelial growth factor confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy Drug Administration Schedule Epithelium Female Fluorescein Fluorescein Angiography Follow-Up Studies Fundus Oculi Group dynamics Humans I.R. radiation Immunotherapy Infrared imagery Intravitreal Injections Lesions Macular degeneration Male Medical imaging Monoclonal antibodies Optical Coherence Tomography Physical characteristics pigment epithelium detachment Prospective Studies ranibizumab Ranibizumab - administration & dosage Retina Retinal Detachment - diagnosis Retinal Detachment - drug therapy Retinal Detachment - etiology Retinal pigment epithelium Retinal Pigment Epithelium - pathology retinal pigment epithelium tear Risk factors spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography Tomography, Optical Coherence Treatment Outcome Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - antagonists & inhibitors Vascularization Visual Acuity Wet Macular Degeneration - complications Wet Macular Degeneration - diagnosis Wet Macular Degeneration - drug therapy |
| title | Response of vascular pigment epithelium detachment due to age‐related macular degeneration to monthly treatment with ranibizumab: the prospective, multicentre RECOVER study |
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