Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components
Gardenia fruit ( Gardenia jasminoides E llis) is widely used as a natural food colorant and as a traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of hepatic and inflammatory diseases. “Gardenia yellow” is a natural food colorant which is extracted by ethanol from gardenia fruit. The purpose of this study...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Food and chemical toxicology 2002-11, Vol.40 (11), p.1603-1610 |
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| creator | Ozaki, A Kitano, M Furusawa, N Yamaguchi, H Kuroda, K Endo, G |
| description | Gardenia fruit (
Gardenia jasminoides E
llis) is widely used as a natural food colorant and as a traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of hepatic and inflammatory diseases. “Gardenia yellow” is a natural food colorant which is extracted by ethanol from gardenia fruit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of gardenia yellow. Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components, crocetin, gentiobiose (a component of crocin), geniposide and genipin (formed by hydrolysis of geniposide), was studied by Ames test,
rec-assay, and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) using V79 cells. Gardenia yellow and its components were found not to be mutagenic in the
Salmonella reverse mutation assay. Gardenia yellow and genipin caused damage of DNA in
rec-assay. Gardenia yellow induced a significant dose-dependent increase of SCE frequency (8.6 times at 1000 μg/ml as the value for the solvent control). Only genipin induced SCEs significantly among the components of gardenia yellow. Moreover, genipin induced a significant increase of tetraploids at all doses tested (95% at 8 μg/ml). Gardenia yellow preparation was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE), and geniposide was detected. However, genipin was not observed. In conclusion, we have shown that genipin possesses genotoxicity. Furthermore, there were unidentified genotoxicants in gardenia yellow. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00118-7 |
| format | Article |
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Gardenia jasminoides E
llis) is widely used as a natural food colorant and as a traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of hepatic and inflammatory diseases. “Gardenia yellow” is a natural food colorant which is extracted by ethanol from gardenia fruit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of gardenia yellow. Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components, crocetin, gentiobiose (a component of crocin), geniposide and genipin (formed by hydrolysis of geniposide), was studied by Ames test,
rec-assay, and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) using V79 cells. Gardenia yellow and its components were found not to be mutagenic in the
Salmonella reverse mutation assay. Gardenia yellow and genipin caused damage of DNA in
rec-assay. Gardenia yellow induced a significant dose-dependent increase of SCE frequency (8.6 times at 1000 μg/ml as the value for the solvent control). Only genipin induced SCEs significantly among the components of gardenia yellow. Moreover, genipin induced a significant increase of tetraploids at all doses tested (95% at 8 μg/ml). Gardenia yellow preparation was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE), and geniposide was detected. However, genipin was not observed. In conclusion, we have shown that genipin possesses genotoxicity. Furthermore, there were unidentified genotoxicants in gardenia yellow.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0278-6915</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-6351</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00118-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12176087</identifier><identifier>CODEN: FCTOD7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Bacillus subtilis - genetics ; Biological and medical sciences ; Capillary electrophoresis ; Carotenoids - toxicity ; Coloring Agents - analysis ; Coloring Agents - toxicity ; Disaccharides - toxicity ; DNA Damage ; Electrophoresis, Capillary ; Food Coloring Agents - toxicity ; Food toxicology ; Gardenia ; Gardenia yellow ; Genipin ; Iridoid Glycosides ; Iridoids ; Medical sciences ; Mutagenicity Tests ; Plant Extracts - chemistry ; Pyrans - analysis ; Pyrans - toxicity ; Sister Chromatid Exchange ; Tetraploid ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>Food and chemical toxicology, 2002-11, Vol.40 (11), p.1603-1610</ispartof><rights>2002 Elsevier Science Ltd</rights><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-2235a58b100bd59309d76856d66f281acbecac798421e8cacf94356e1ddf89a93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-2235a58b100bd59309d76856d66f281acbecac798421e8cacf94356e1ddf89a93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00118-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=13877460$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12176087$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ozaki, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kitano, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furusawa, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamaguchi, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuroda, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Endo, G</creatorcontrib><title>Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components</title><title>Food and chemical toxicology</title><addtitle>Food Chem Toxicol</addtitle><description>Gardenia fruit (
Gardenia jasminoides E
llis) is widely used as a natural food colorant and as a traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of hepatic and inflammatory diseases. “Gardenia yellow” is a natural food colorant which is extracted by ethanol from gardenia fruit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of gardenia yellow. Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components, crocetin, gentiobiose (a component of crocin), geniposide and genipin (formed by hydrolysis of geniposide), was studied by Ames test,
rec-assay, and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) using V79 cells. Gardenia yellow and its components were found not to be mutagenic in the
Salmonella reverse mutation assay. Gardenia yellow and genipin caused damage of DNA in
rec-assay. Gardenia yellow induced a significant dose-dependent increase of SCE frequency (8.6 times at 1000 μg/ml as the value for the solvent control). Only genipin induced SCEs significantly among the components of gardenia yellow. Moreover, genipin induced a significant increase of tetraploids at all doses tested (95% at 8 μg/ml). Gardenia yellow preparation was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE), and geniposide was detected. However, genipin was not observed. In conclusion, we have shown that genipin possesses genotoxicity. Furthermore, there were unidentified genotoxicants in gardenia yellow.</description><subject>Bacillus subtilis - genetics</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Capillary electrophoresis</subject><subject>Carotenoids - toxicity</subject><subject>Coloring Agents - analysis</subject><subject>Coloring Agents - toxicity</subject><subject>Disaccharides - toxicity</subject><subject>DNA Damage</subject><subject>Electrophoresis, Capillary</subject><subject>Food Coloring Agents - toxicity</subject><subject>Food toxicology</subject><subject>Gardenia</subject><subject>Gardenia yellow</subject><subject>Genipin</subject><subject>Iridoid Glycosides</subject><subject>Iridoids</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mutagenicity Tests</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - chemistry</subject><subject>Pyrans - analysis</subject><subject>Pyrans - toxicity</subject><subject>Sister Chromatid Exchange</subject><subject>Tetraploid</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>0278-6915</issn><issn>1873-6351</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkD1PwzAQhi0EoqXwE0BZQDAEbCf-mhCqoCBVYgBmy7EvyKiNi50C_fekbURHpveG5707PQidEnxNMOE3L5gKmXNF2CWmVxgTInOxh4ZEiiLnBSP7aPiHDNBRSh8YY0EEP0QDQrvEUgwRnUAT2vDjrW9XWaizdxMdNN5kK5jNwndmGpf5NmU2zBehgaZNx-igNrMEJ32O0NvD_ev4MZ8-T57Gd9PclqJsc0oLZpisCMaVY6rAygkuGXec11QSYyuwxgolS0pAdmOtyoJxIM7VUhlVjNDFdu8ihs8lpFbPfbLdV6aBsEyaSKYUU7wD2Ra0MaQUodaL6OcmrjTBei1Lb2TptQmNqd7I0qLrnfUHltUc3K7V2-mA8x4wyZpZHU1jfdpxhRSi5LjjbrccdDq-PESdrIfGgvMRbKtd8P-88gtjOIVo</recordid><startdate>20021101</startdate><enddate>20021101</enddate><creator>Ozaki, A</creator><creator>Kitano, M</creator><creator>Furusawa, N</creator><creator>Yamaguchi, H</creator><creator>Kuroda, K</creator><creator>Endo, G</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20021101</creationdate><title>Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components</title><author>Ozaki, A ; Kitano, M ; Furusawa, N ; Yamaguchi, H ; Kuroda, K ; Endo, G</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c474t-2235a58b100bd59309d76856d66f281acbecac798421e8cacf94356e1ddf89a93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Bacillus subtilis - genetics</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Capillary electrophoresis</topic><topic>Carotenoids - toxicity</topic><topic>Coloring Agents - analysis</topic><topic>Coloring Agents - toxicity</topic><topic>Disaccharides - toxicity</topic><topic>DNA Damage</topic><topic>Electrophoresis, Capillary</topic><topic>Food Coloring Agents - toxicity</topic><topic>Food toxicology</topic><topic>Gardenia</topic><topic>Gardenia yellow</topic><topic>Genipin</topic><topic>Iridoid Glycosides</topic><topic>Iridoids</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mutagenicity Tests</topic><topic>Plant Extracts - chemistry</topic><topic>Pyrans - analysis</topic><topic>Pyrans - toxicity</topic><topic>Sister Chromatid Exchange</topic><topic>Tetraploid</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ozaki, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kitano, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Furusawa, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yamaguchi, H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kuroda, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Endo, G</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><jtitle>Food and chemical toxicology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ozaki, A</au><au>Kitano, M</au><au>Furusawa, N</au><au>Yamaguchi, H</au><au>Kuroda, K</au><au>Endo, G</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components</atitle><jtitle>Food and chemical toxicology</jtitle><addtitle>Food Chem Toxicol</addtitle><date>2002-11-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>40</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1603</spage><epage>1610</epage><pages>1603-1610</pages><issn>0278-6915</issn><eissn>1873-6351</eissn><coden>FCTOD7</coden><abstract>Gardenia fruit (
Gardenia jasminoides E
llis) is widely used as a natural food colorant and as a traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of hepatic and inflammatory diseases. “Gardenia yellow” is a natural food colorant which is extracted by ethanol from gardenia fruit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of gardenia yellow. Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components, crocetin, gentiobiose (a component of crocin), geniposide and genipin (formed by hydrolysis of geniposide), was studied by Ames test,
rec-assay, and sister chromatid exchange (SCE) using V79 cells. Gardenia yellow and its components were found not to be mutagenic in the
Salmonella reverse mutation assay. Gardenia yellow and genipin caused damage of DNA in
rec-assay. Gardenia yellow induced a significant dose-dependent increase of SCE frequency (8.6 times at 1000 μg/ml as the value for the solvent control). Only genipin induced SCEs significantly among the components of gardenia yellow. Moreover, genipin induced a significant increase of tetraploids at all doses tested (95% at 8 μg/ml). Gardenia yellow preparation was analyzed by capillary electrophoresis (CE), and geniposide was detected. However, genipin was not observed. In conclusion, we have shown that genipin possesses genotoxicity. Furthermore, there were unidentified genotoxicants in gardenia yellow.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><cop>New York, NY</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>12176087</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0278-6915(02)00118-7</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Bacillus subtilis - genetics Biological and medical sciences Capillary electrophoresis Carotenoids - toxicity Coloring Agents - analysis Coloring Agents - toxicity Disaccharides - toxicity DNA Damage Electrophoresis, Capillary Food Coloring Agents - toxicity Food toxicology Gardenia Gardenia yellow Genipin Iridoid Glycosides Iridoids Medical sciences Mutagenicity Tests Plant Extracts - chemistry Pyrans - analysis Pyrans - toxicity Sister Chromatid Exchange Tetraploid Toxicology |
| title | Genotoxicity of gardenia yellow and its components |
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