Development of a Scale to Assess Physician Advance Care Planning Self-Efficacy

Background: Although patients prefer that physicians initiate advance care planning (ACP) conversations, few physicians regularly do so. Physicians may be reluctant to initiate ACP conversations because they lack self-efficacy in their skills. Yet, no validated scale on self-efficacy for ACP exists....

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Veröffentlicht in:American journal of hospice & palliative medicine 2017-06, Vol.34 (5), p.435-441
Hauptverfasser: Baughman, Kristin R., Ludwick, Ruth, Fischbein, Rebecca, McCormick, Kenelm, Meeker, James, Hewit, Mike, Drost, Jennifer, Kropp, Denise
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container_end_page 441
container_issue 5
container_start_page 435
container_title American journal of hospice & palliative medicine
container_volume 34
creator Baughman, Kristin R.
Ludwick, Ruth
Fischbein, Rebecca
McCormick, Kenelm
Meeker, James
Hewit, Mike
Drost, Jennifer
Kropp, Denise
description Background: Although patients prefer that physicians initiate advance care planning (ACP) conversations, few physicians regularly do so. Physicians may be reluctant to initiate ACP conversations because they lack self-efficacy in their skills. Yet, no validated scale on self-efficacy for ACP exists. Our objective was to develop a scale that measures physicians’ ACP self-efficacy (ACP-SE) and to investigate the validity of the tool. Methods: Electronic questionnaires were administered to a random sample of family medicine physicians (n = 188). Exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine whether the scale was multidimensional. An initial assessment of the scale’s validity was also conducted. Results: The exploratory factor analysis indicated that a single factor was appropriate using all 17 items. A single, unidimensional scale was created by averaging the 17 items, yielding good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.95). The average scale score was 3.94 (standard deviation = 0.71) on a scale from 1 to 5. The scale was moderately correlated with a global single-item measure of self-efficacy for ACP (r = .79, P < .001), and the scale differentiated between physician groups based on how much ACP they were doing, how recently they had an ACP conversation, formal training on ACP, and knowledge of ACP. In a multivariate analysis, the ACP-SE scale was a strong predictor of the percentage of patients with chronic life-limiting diseases with whom the physician discussed ACP. Conclusion: The final ACP-SE scale included 17 items and demonstrated high internal consistency.
doi_str_mv 10.1177/1049909115625612
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Physicians may be reluctant to initiate ACP conversations because they lack self-efficacy in their skills. Yet, no validated scale on self-efficacy for ACP exists. Our objective was to develop a scale that measures physicians’ ACP self-efficacy (ACP-SE) and to investigate the validity of the tool. Methods: Electronic questionnaires were administered to a random sample of family medicine physicians (n = 188). Exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine whether the scale was multidimensional. An initial assessment of the scale’s validity was also conducted. Results: The exploratory factor analysis indicated that a single factor was appropriate using all 17 items. A single, unidimensional scale was created by averaging the 17 items, yielding good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.95). The average scale score was 3.94 (standard deviation = 0.71) on a scale from 1 to 5. The scale was moderately correlated with a global single-item measure of self-efficacy for ACP (r = .79, P &lt; .001), and the scale differentiated between physician groups based on how much ACP they were doing, how recently they had an ACP conversation, formal training on ACP, and knowledge of ACP. In a multivariate analysis, the ACP-SE scale was a strong predictor of the percentage of patients with chronic life-limiting diseases with whom the physician discussed ACP. Conclusion: The final ACP-SE scale included 17 items and demonstrated high internal consistency.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1049-9091</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-2715</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/1049909115625612</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26764344</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Adult ; Advance Care Planning - organization &amp; administration ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Chronic Disease ; Communication ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nursing ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Physicians, Family - psychology ; Self Efficacy ; Surveys and Questionnaires - standards ; Terminal Care - psychology</subject><ispartof>American journal of hospice &amp; palliative medicine, 2017-06, Vol.34 (5), p.435-441</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c337t-e4fd9290570f0ba15374c8e401e1340222966b63c22f05128e92e5fb8d080be33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c337t-e4fd9290570f0ba15374c8e401e1340222966b63c22f05128e92e5fb8d080be33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1049909115625612$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1049909115625612$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,21819,27924,27925,43621,43622</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26764344$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Baughman, Kristin R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ludwick, Ruth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fischbein, Rebecca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCormick, Kenelm</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meeker, James</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hewit, Mike</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Drost, Jennifer</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kropp, Denise</creatorcontrib><title>Development of a Scale to Assess Physician Advance Care Planning Self-Efficacy</title><title>American journal of hospice &amp; palliative medicine</title><addtitle>Am J Hosp Palliat Care</addtitle><description>Background: Although patients prefer that physicians initiate advance care planning (ACP) conversations, few physicians regularly do so. Physicians may be reluctant to initiate ACP conversations because they lack self-efficacy in their skills. Yet, no validated scale on self-efficacy for ACP exists. Our objective was to develop a scale that measures physicians’ ACP self-efficacy (ACP-SE) and to investigate the validity of the tool. Methods: Electronic questionnaires were administered to a random sample of family medicine physicians (n = 188). Exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine whether the scale was multidimensional. An initial assessment of the scale’s validity was also conducted. Results: The exploratory factor analysis indicated that a single factor was appropriate using all 17 items. A single, unidimensional scale was created by averaging the 17 items, yielding good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.95). The average scale score was 3.94 (standard deviation = 0.71) on a scale from 1 to 5. The scale was moderately correlated with a global single-item measure of self-efficacy for ACP (r = .79, P &lt; .001), and the scale differentiated between physician groups based on how much ACP they were doing, how recently they had an ACP conversation, formal training on ACP, and knowledge of ACP. In a multivariate analysis, the ACP-SE scale was a strong predictor of the percentage of patients with chronic life-limiting diseases with whom the physician discussed ACP. 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subjects Adult
Advance Care Planning - organization & administration
Attitude of Health Personnel
Chronic Disease
Communication
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Nursing
Physician-Patient Relations
Physicians, Family - psychology
Self Efficacy
Surveys and Questionnaires - standards
Terminal Care - psychology
title Development of a Scale to Assess Physician Advance Care Planning Self-Efficacy
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