Risk Associated With Surgery Within 12 Months After Coronary Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation

Abstract Background Guidelines recommend postponing surgery for at least 6 months after treatment with a drug-eluting stent by percutaneous coronary intervention (DES-PCI). Objectives The goal of this study was to evaluate the surgical risk associated with DES-PCI compared with that in nonstented patients without ischemic heart disease (IHD). Methods Between 2005 and 2012, a total of 22,590 patients underwent DES-PCI in western Denmark. By record-linking the Western Denmark Heart Registry and the Danish National Patient Register, we evaluated 4,303 DES-PCI–treated patients with a surgical procedure and compared them with a control group of patients without previous IHD undergoing similar surgical procedures (n = 20,232). Events of interest were myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac death, and all-cause mortality within 30 days after surgery. Results Surgery in DES-PCI–treated patients was associated with an increased risk of MI (1.6% vs. 0.2%; odds ratio [OR]: 4.82; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.25 to 7.16) and cardiac death (1.0% vs. 0.2%; OR: 5.87; 95% CI: 3.60 to 9.58) but not all-cause mortality (3.1% vs. 2.7%; OR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.91 to 1.38). When stratified for time from PCI to surgery, only surgery within the first month was associated with a significant increased risk of events. Conclusions Patients requiring surgery within 12 months after DES-PCI had an increased risk of MI and cardiac death compared with patients without IHD. The increased risk was only present within the first month after DES-PCI, suggesting that surgery might be undertaken earlier than currently recommended.