Role of ultrasonographic chronic kidney disease score in the assessment of chronic kidney disease
Purpose Ultrasonography (US) is an inexpensive, noninvasive and easy imaging procedure to comment on the kidney disease. Data are limited about the relation between estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) and all 3 renal US parameters, including kidney length, parenchymal thickness and parenchy...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | International urology and nephrology 2017-01, Vol.49 (1), p.123-131 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 131 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 123 |
| container_title | International urology and nephrology |
| container_volume | 49 |
| creator | Yaprak, Mustafa Çakır, Özgür Turan, Mehmet Nuri Dayanan, Ramazan Akın, Selçuk Değirmen, Elif Yıldırım, Mustafa Turgut, Faruk |
| description | Purpose
Ultrasonography (US) is an inexpensive, noninvasive and easy imaging procedure to comment on the kidney disease. Data are limited about the relation between estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) and all 3 renal US parameters, including kidney length, parenchymal thickness and parenchymal echogenicity, in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between e-GFR and ultrasonographic CKD score calculated via these ultrasonographic parameters.
Methods
One hundred and twenty patients with stage 1–5 CKD were enrolled in this study. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. US was performed by the same radiologist who was blinded to patients’ histories and laboratory results. US parameters including kidney length, parenchymal thickness and parenchymal echogenicity were obtained from both kidneys. All 3 parameters were scored for each kidney, separately. The sum of the average scores of these parameters was used to calculate ultrasonographic CKD score.
Results
The mean age of patients was 63.34 ± 14.19 years. Mean kidney length, parenchymal thickness, ultrasonographic CKD score and median parenchymal echogenicity were found as 96.2 ± 12.3, 10.97 ± 2.59 mm, 6.28 ± 2.52 and 1.0 (0–3.5), respectively. e-GFR was positively correlated with kidney length (
r
= 0.343,
p
|
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s11255-016-1443-4 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1859484650</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1834997188</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-18c0a2e46723a3374d347eac7bc72d96352cb30973929710538f1055d558b4f33</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkU1LxDAURYMoOo7-ADdScOOmms8mWYr4BYIgug6Z9NWpdpoxr134780wKiIKbvIWOfc-kkPIAaMnjFJ9ioxxpUrKqpJJKUq5QSZMaVFyZeQmmVBBWckqLnbILuIzpdQaSrfJDtfaVpVVE-LvYwdFbIqxG5LH2Men5JfzNhRhnmKf50tb9_BW1C2CRygwxARF2xfDHAqPCIgL6IdVxe-JPbLV-A5h_2NOyePlxcP5dXl7d3VzfnZbBqnZUDITqOcgK82FF0LLWkgNPuhZ0Ly2lVA8zAS1WlhuNaNKmCafqlbKzGQjxJQcr3uXKb6OgINbtBig63wPcUTHjLLSyErRf6BC2rzEmIwe_UCf45j6_JBVoaqstPl_p4StqZAiYoLGLVO78OnNMepWqtxalcuq3EqVkzlz-NE8zhZQfyU-3WSArwHMV_0TpG-r_2x9BwFZnOY</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1855694962</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Role of ultrasonographic chronic kidney disease score in the assessment of chronic kidney disease</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><creator>Yaprak, Mustafa ; Çakır, Özgür ; Turan, Mehmet Nuri ; Dayanan, Ramazan ; Akın, Selçuk ; Değirmen, Elif ; Yıldırım, Mustafa ; Turgut, Faruk</creator><creatorcontrib>Yaprak, Mustafa ; Çakır, Özgür ; Turan, Mehmet Nuri ; Dayanan, Ramazan ; Akın, Selçuk ; Değirmen, Elif ; Yıldırım, Mustafa ; Turgut, Faruk</creatorcontrib><description>Purpose
Ultrasonography (US) is an inexpensive, noninvasive and easy imaging procedure to comment on the kidney disease. Data are limited about the relation between estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) and all 3 renal US parameters, including kidney length, parenchymal thickness and parenchymal echogenicity, in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between e-GFR and ultrasonographic CKD score calculated via these ultrasonographic parameters.
Methods
One hundred and twenty patients with stage 1–5 CKD were enrolled in this study. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. US was performed by the same radiologist who was blinded to patients’ histories and laboratory results. US parameters including kidney length, parenchymal thickness and parenchymal echogenicity were obtained from both kidneys. All 3 parameters were scored for each kidney, separately. The sum of the average scores of these parameters was used to calculate ultrasonographic CKD score.
Results
The mean age of patients was 63.34 ± 14.19 years. Mean kidney length, parenchymal thickness, ultrasonographic CKD score and median parenchymal echogenicity were found as 96.2 ± 12.3, 10.97 ± 2.59 mm, 6.28 ± 2.52 and 1.0 (0–3.5), respectively. e-GFR was positively correlated with kidney length (
r
= 0.343,
p
< 0.001), parenchymal thickness (
r
= 0.37,
p
< 0.001) and negatively correlated with CKD score (
r
= −0.587,
p
< 0.001) and parenchymal echogenicity (
r
= −0.683,
p
< 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for distinction of e-GFR lower than 60 mL/min showed that the ultrasonographic CKD score higher than 4.75 was the best parameter with the sensitivity of 81% and positive predictivity of 92% (AUC, 0.829; 95% CI, 0.74–0.92;
p
< 0.001).
Conclusion
We found correlation between e-GFR and ultrasonographic CKD score via using all ultrasonographic parameters. Also, our study showed that ultrasonographic CKD score can be useful for distinction of CKD stage 3–5 from stage 1 and 2. We suggested that the ultrasonographic CKD score provided more objective data in the assessment of CKD.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0301-1623</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-2584</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s11255-016-1443-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27796695</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IURNAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands</publisher><subject>Adult ; Aged ; Area Under Curve ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Humans ; Kidney - diagnostic imaging ; Kidney - pathology ; Kidney Failure, Chronic - diagnostic imaging ; Kidney Failure, Chronic - physiopathology ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Nephrology ; Nephrology - Original Paper ; Organ Size ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - diagnostic imaging ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - pathology ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - physiopathology ; ROC Curve ; Single-Blind Method ; Ultrasonography ; Urology</subject><ispartof>International urology and nephrology, 2017-01, Vol.49 (1), p.123-131</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016</rights><rights>International Urology and Nephrology is a copyright of Springer, 2017.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-18c0a2e46723a3374d347eac7bc72d96352cb30973929710538f1055d558b4f33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-18c0a2e46723a3374d347eac7bc72d96352cb30973929710538f1055d558b4f33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11255-016-1443-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s11255-016-1443-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27796695$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yaprak, Mustafa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Çakır, Özgür</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turan, Mehmet Nuri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dayanan, Ramazan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akın, Selçuk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Değirmen, Elif</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yıldırım, Mustafa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turgut, Faruk</creatorcontrib><title>Role of ultrasonographic chronic kidney disease score in the assessment of chronic kidney disease</title><title>International urology and nephrology</title><addtitle>Int Urol Nephrol</addtitle><addtitle>Int Urol Nephrol</addtitle><description>Purpose
Ultrasonography (US) is an inexpensive, noninvasive and easy imaging procedure to comment on the kidney disease. Data are limited about the relation between estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) and all 3 renal US parameters, including kidney length, parenchymal thickness and parenchymal echogenicity, in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between e-GFR and ultrasonographic CKD score calculated via these ultrasonographic parameters.
Methods
One hundred and twenty patients with stage 1–5 CKD were enrolled in this study. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. US was performed by the same radiologist who was blinded to patients’ histories and laboratory results. US parameters including kidney length, parenchymal thickness and parenchymal echogenicity were obtained from both kidneys. All 3 parameters were scored for each kidney, separately. The sum of the average scores of these parameters was used to calculate ultrasonographic CKD score.
Results
The mean age of patients was 63.34 ± 14.19 years. Mean kidney length, parenchymal thickness, ultrasonographic CKD score and median parenchymal echogenicity were found as 96.2 ± 12.3, 10.97 ± 2.59 mm, 6.28 ± 2.52 and 1.0 (0–3.5), respectively. e-GFR was positively correlated with kidney length (
r
= 0.343,
p
< 0.001), parenchymal thickness (
r
= 0.37,
p
< 0.001) and negatively correlated with CKD score (
r
= −0.587,
p
< 0.001) and parenchymal echogenicity (
r
= −0.683,
p
< 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for distinction of e-GFR lower than 60 mL/min showed that the ultrasonographic CKD score higher than 4.75 was the best parameter with the sensitivity of 81% and positive predictivity of 92% (AUC, 0.829; 95% CI, 0.74–0.92;
p
< 0.001).
Conclusion
We found correlation between e-GFR and ultrasonographic CKD score via using all ultrasonographic parameters. Also, our study showed that ultrasonographic CKD score can be useful for distinction of CKD stage 3–5 from stage 1 and 2. We suggested that the ultrasonographic CKD score provided more objective data in the assessment of CKD.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Area Under Curve</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glomerular Filtration Rate</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Kidney - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Kidney - pathology</subject><subject>Kidney Failure, Chronic - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Kidney Failure, Chronic - physiopathology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Nephrology</subject><subject>Nephrology - Original Paper</subject><subject>Organ Size</subject><subject>Predictive Value of Tests</subject><subject>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - pathology</subject><subject>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - physiopathology</subject><subject>ROC Curve</subject><subject>Single-Blind Method</subject><subject>Ultrasonography</subject><subject>Urology</subject><issn>0301-1623</issn><issn>1573-2584</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU1LxDAURYMoOo7-ADdScOOmms8mWYr4BYIgug6Z9NWpdpoxr134780wKiIKbvIWOfc-kkPIAaMnjFJ9ioxxpUrKqpJJKUq5QSZMaVFyZeQmmVBBWckqLnbILuIzpdQaSrfJDtfaVpVVE-LvYwdFbIqxG5LH2Men5JfzNhRhnmKf50tb9_BW1C2CRygwxARF2xfDHAqPCIgL6IdVxe-JPbLV-A5h_2NOyePlxcP5dXl7d3VzfnZbBqnZUDITqOcgK82FF0LLWkgNPuhZ0Ly2lVA8zAS1WlhuNaNKmCafqlbKzGQjxJQcr3uXKb6OgINbtBig63wPcUTHjLLSyErRf6BC2rzEmIwe_UCf45j6_JBVoaqstPl_p4StqZAiYoLGLVO78OnNMepWqtxalcuq3EqVkzlz-NE8zhZQfyU-3WSArwHMV_0TpG-r_2x9BwFZnOY</recordid><startdate>20170101</startdate><enddate>20170101</enddate><creator>Yaprak, Mustafa</creator><creator>Çakır, Özgür</creator><creator>Turan, Mehmet Nuri</creator><creator>Dayanan, Ramazan</creator><creator>Akın, Selçuk</creator><creator>Değirmen, Elif</creator><creator>Yıldırım, Mustafa</creator><creator>Turgut, Faruk</creator><general>Springer Netherlands</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170101</creationdate><title>Role of ultrasonographic chronic kidney disease score in the assessment of chronic kidney disease</title><author>Yaprak, Mustafa ; Çakır, Özgür ; Turan, Mehmet Nuri ; Dayanan, Ramazan ; Akın, Selçuk ; Değirmen, Elif ; Yıldırım, Mustafa ; Turgut, Faruk</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c471t-18c0a2e46723a3374d347eac7bc72d96352cb30973929710538f1055d558b4f33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Area Under Curve</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glomerular Filtration Rate</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Kidney - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Kidney - pathology</topic><topic>Kidney Failure, Chronic - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Kidney Failure, Chronic - physiopathology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Nephrology</topic><topic>Nephrology - Original Paper</topic><topic>Organ Size</topic><topic>Predictive Value of Tests</topic><topic>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - pathology</topic><topic>Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - physiopathology</topic><topic>ROC Curve</topic><topic>Single-Blind Method</topic><topic>Ultrasonography</topic><topic>Urology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yaprak, Mustafa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Çakır, Özgür</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turan, Mehmet Nuri</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dayanan, Ramazan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Akın, Selçuk</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Değirmen, Elif</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yıldırım, Mustafa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Turgut, Faruk</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>International urology and nephrology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yaprak, Mustafa</au><au>Çakır, Özgür</au><au>Turan, Mehmet Nuri</au><au>Dayanan, Ramazan</au><au>Akın, Selçuk</au><au>Değirmen, Elif</au><au>Yıldırım, Mustafa</au><au>Turgut, Faruk</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Role of ultrasonographic chronic kidney disease score in the assessment of chronic kidney disease</atitle><jtitle>International urology and nephrology</jtitle><stitle>Int Urol Nephrol</stitle><addtitle>Int Urol Nephrol</addtitle><date>2017-01-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>49</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>123</spage><epage>131</epage><pages>123-131</pages><issn>0301-1623</issn><eissn>1573-2584</eissn><coden>IURNAE</coden><abstract>Purpose
Ultrasonography (US) is an inexpensive, noninvasive and easy imaging procedure to comment on the kidney disease. Data are limited about the relation between estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) and all 3 renal US parameters, including kidney length, parenchymal thickness and parenchymal echogenicity, in chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between e-GFR and ultrasonographic CKD score calculated via these ultrasonographic parameters.
Methods
One hundred and twenty patients with stage 1–5 CKD were enrolled in this study. The glomerular filtration rate was estimated by the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. US was performed by the same radiologist who was blinded to patients’ histories and laboratory results. US parameters including kidney length, parenchymal thickness and parenchymal echogenicity were obtained from both kidneys. All 3 parameters were scored for each kidney, separately. The sum of the average scores of these parameters was used to calculate ultrasonographic CKD score.
Results
The mean age of patients was 63.34 ± 14.19 years. Mean kidney length, parenchymal thickness, ultrasonographic CKD score and median parenchymal echogenicity were found as 96.2 ± 12.3, 10.97 ± 2.59 mm, 6.28 ± 2.52 and 1.0 (0–3.5), respectively. e-GFR was positively correlated with kidney length (
r
= 0.343,
p
< 0.001), parenchymal thickness (
r
= 0.37,
p
< 0.001) and negatively correlated with CKD score (
r
= −0.587,
p
< 0.001) and parenchymal echogenicity (
r
= −0.683,
p
< 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for distinction of e-GFR lower than 60 mL/min showed that the ultrasonographic CKD score higher than 4.75 was the best parameter with the sensitivity of 81% and positive predictivity of 92% (AUC, 0.829; 95% CI, 0.74–0.92;
p
< 0.001).
Conclusion
We found correlation between e-GFR and ultrasonographic CKD score via using all ultrasonographic parameters. Also, our study showed that ultrasonographic CKD score can be useful for distinction of CKD stage 3–5 from stage 1 and 2. We suggested that the ultrasonographic CKD score provided more objective data in the assessment of CKD.</abstract><cop>Dordrecht</cop><pub>Springer Netherlands</pub><pmid>27796695</pmid><doi>10.1007/s11255-016-1443-4</doi><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0301-1623 |
| ispartof | International urology and nephrology, 2017-01, Vol.49 (1), p.123-131 |
| issn | 0301-1623 1573-2584 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1859484650 |
| source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals |
| subjects | Adult Aged Area Under Curve Female Glomerular Filtration Rate Humans Kidney - diagnostic imaging Kidney - pathology Kidney Failure, Chronic - diagnostic imaging Kidney Failure, Chronic - physiopathology Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged Nephrology Nephrology - Original Paper Organ Size Predictive Value of Tests Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - diagnostic imaging Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - pathology Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - physiopathology ROC Curve Single-Blind Method Ultrasonography Urology |
| title | Role of ultrasonographic chronic kidney disease score in the assessment of chronic kidney disease |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-05T06%3A36%3A30IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Role%20of%20ultrasonographic%20chronic%20kidney%20disease%20score%20in%20the%20assessment%20of%20chronic%20kidney%20disease&rft.jtitle=International%20urology%20and%20nephrology&rft.au=Yaprak,%20Mustafa&rft.date=2017-01-01&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=123&rft.epage=131&rft.pages=123-131&rft.issn=0301-1623&rft.eissn=1573-2584&rft.coden=IURNAE&rft_id=info:doi/10.1007/s11255-016-1443-4&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E1834997188%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1855694962&rft_id=info:pmid/27796695&rfr_iscdi=true |