Heat‐acclimatization and pre‐cooling: a further boost for endurance performance?
To determine if pre‐cooling (PC) following heat‐acclimatization (HA) can further improve self‐paced endurance performance in the heat, 13 male triathletes performed two 20‐km cycling time‐trials (TT) at 35 °C, 50% relative humidity, before and after an 8‐day training camp, each time with (PC) or wit...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 2017-01, Vol.27 (1), p.55-65 |
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| container_title | Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports |
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| creator | Schmit, C. Le Meur, Y. Duffield, R. Robach, P. Oussedik, N. Coutts, A. J. Hausswirth, C. |
| description | To determine if pre‐cooling (PC) following heat‐acclimatization (HA) can further improve self‐paced endurance performance in the heat, 13 male triathletes performed two 20‐km cycling time‐trials (TT) at 35 °C, 50% relative humidity, before and after an 8‐day training camp, each time with (PC) or without (control) ice vest PC. Pacing strategies, physiological and perceptual responses were assessed during each TT. PC and HA induced moderate (+10 ± 18 W; effect size [ES] 4.4 ± 4.6%) and very large (+28 ± 19 W; ES 11.7 ± 4.1%) increases in power output (PO), respectively. The overall PC effect became unclear after HA (+4 ± 14 W; ES 1.4 ± 3.0%). However, pacing analysis revealed that PC remained transiently beneficial post‐HA, i.e., during the first half of the TT. Both HA and PC pre‐HA were characterized by an enhanced PO without increased cardio‐thermoregulatory or perceptual disturbances, while post‐HA PC only improved thermal comfort. PC improved 20‐km TT performance in unacclimatized athletes, but an 8‐day HA period attenuated the magnitude of this effect. The respective converging physiological responses to HA and PC may explain the blunting of PC effectiveness. However, perceptual benefits from PC can still account for the small alterations to pacing noted post‐HA. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/sms.12629 |
| format | Article |
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Both HA and PC pre‐HA were characterized by an enhanced PO without increased cardio‐thermoregulatory or perceptual disturbances, while post‐HA PC only improved thermal comfort. PC improved 20‐km TT performance in unacclimatized athletes, but an 8‐day HA period attenuated the magnitude of this effect. The respective converging physiological responses to HA and PC may explain the blunting of PC effectiveness. 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Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4879-65459d393ea5236b35f98622b0f19db3d902de39556ff4f31208e2e88e35e4f33</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4879-65459d393ea5236b35f98622b0f19db3d902de39556ff4f31208e2e88e35e4f33</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111%2Fsms.12629$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111%2Fsms.12629$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1411,27903,27904,45553,45554</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26677824$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schmit, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le Meur, Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duffield, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robach, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oussedik, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coutts, A. J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hausswirth, C.</creatorcontrib><title>Heat‐acclimatization and pre‐cooling: a further boost for endurance performance?</title><title>Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports</title><addtitle>Scand J Med Sci Sports</addtitle><description>To determine if pre‐cooling (PC) following heat‐acclimatization (HA) can further improve self‐paced endurance performance in the heat, 13 male triathletes performed two 20‐km cycling time‐trials (TT) at 35 °C, 50% relative humidity, before and after an 8‐day training camp, each time with (PC) or without (control) ice vest PC. Pacing strategies, physiological and perceptual responses were assessed during each TT. PC and HA induced moderate (+10 ± 18 W; effect size [ES] 4.4 ± 4.6%) and very large (+28 ± 19 W; ES 11.7 ± 4.1%) increases in power output (PO), respectively. The overall PC effect became unclear after HA (+4 ± 14 W; ES 1.4 ± 3.0%). However, pacing analysis revealed that PC remained transiently beneficial post‐HA, i.e., during the first half of the TT. Both HA and PC pre‐HA were characterized by an enhanced PO without increased cardio‐thermoregulatory or perceptual disturbances, while post‐HA PC only improved thermal comfort. PC improved 20‐km TT performance in unacclimatized athletes, but an 8‐day HA period attenuated the magnitude of this effect. The respective converging physiological responses to HA and PC may explain the blunting of PC effectiveness. However, perceptual benefits from PC can still account for the small alterations to pacing noted post‐HA.</description><subject>Acclimatization - physiology</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Athletic Performance - physiology</subject><subject>Bicycling - physiology</subject><subject>Body Temperature Regulation</subject><subject>Cross-Over Studies</subject><subject>Cryotherapy - methods</subject><subject>cycling</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Heat</subject><subject>Heat‐dissipating strategies</subject><subject>Hot Temperature</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Ice</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>pacing</subject><subject>Physical Endurance - physiology</subject><subject>Random Allocation</subject><subject>Skin Temperature</subject><subject>Sports medicine</subject><subject>time‐trial</subject><subject>tropical climate</subject><issn>0905-7188</issn><issn>1600-0838</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kN9KwzAUh4Mobk4vfAEpeKMX3fKnaRNvRIY6YeLF5nVJ2xPtaJuZtMi88hF8Rp_EzE0vBA8cTnLy8SN8CB0TPCS-Rq52Q0JjKndQn8QYh1gwsYv6WGIeJkSIHjpwboExSWTE91GPxnGSCBr10XwCqv18_1B5XpW1ass336YJVFMESwv-JTemKpuni0AFurPtM9ggM8a1gTY2gKborGpyCJZg_aJeny8P0Z5WlYOj7Rygx5vr-XgSTh9u78ZX0zCPRCLDmEdcFkwyUJyyOGNcSxFTmmFNZJGxQmJaAJOcx1pHmhGKBVAQAhgHf2cDdLbJXVrz0oFr07p0OVSVasB0LiWCyyiJCJEePf2DLkxnG_-7NcUiSTldU-cbKrfGOQs6XVpvxa5SgtO16tSrTr9Ve_Zkm9hlNRS_5I9bD4w2wGtZwer_pHR2P9tEfgHUCokO</recordid><startdate>201701</startdate><enddate>201701</enddate><creator>Schmit, C.</creator><creator>Le Meur, Y.</creator><creator>Duffield, R.</creator><creator>Robach, P.</creator><creator>Oussedik, N.</creator><creator>Coutts, A. 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J. ; Hausswirth, C.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4879-65459d393ea5236b35f98622b0f19db3d902de39556ff4f31208e2e88e35e4f33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Acclimatization - physiology</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Athletic Performance - physiology</topic><topic>Bicycling - physiology</topic><topic>Body Temperature Regulation</topic><topic>Cross-Over Studies</topic><topic>Cryotherapy - methods</topic><topic>cycling</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Heat</topic><topic>Heat‐dissipating strategies</topic><topic>Hot Temperature</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Ice</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>pacing</topic><topic>Physical Endurance - physiology</topic><topic>Random Allocation</topic><topic>Skin Temperature</topic><topic>Sports medicine</topic><topic>time‐trial</topic><topic>tropical climate</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Schmit, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le Meur, Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duffield, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Robach, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Oussedik, N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coutts, A. 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J.</au><au>Hausswirth, C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Heat‐acclimatization and pre‐cooling: a further boost for endurance performance?</atitle><jtitle>Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports</jtitle><addtitle>Scand J Med Sci Sports</addtitle><date>2017-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>27</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>55</spage><epage>65</epage><pages>55-65</pages><issn>0905-7188</issn><eissn>1600-0838</eissn><abstract>To determine if pre‐cooling (PC) following heat‐acclimatization (HA) can further improve self‐paced endurance performance in the heat, 13 male triathletes performed two 20‐km cycling time‐trials (TT) at 35 °C, 50% relative humidity, before and after an 8‐day training camp, each time with (PC) or without (control) ice vest PC. Pacing strategies, physiological and perceptual responses were assessed during each TT. PC and HA induced moderate (+10 ± 18 W; effect size [ES] 4.4 ± 4.6%) and very large (+28 ± 19 W; ES 11.7 ± 4.1%) increases in power output (PO), respectively. The overall PC effect became unclear after HA (+4 ± 14 W; ES 1.4 ± 3.0%). However, pacing analysis revealed that PC remained transiently beneficial post‐HA, i.e., during the first half of the TT. Both HA and PC pre‐HA were characterized by an enhanced PO without increased cardio‐thermoregulatory or perceptual disturbances, while post‐HA PC only improved thermal comfort. PC improved 20‐km TT performance in unacclimatized athletes, but an 8‐day HA period attenuated the magnitude of this effect. The respective converging physiological responses to HA and PC may explain the blunting of PC effectiveness. 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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Acclimatization - physiology Adult Athletic Performance - physiology Bicycling - physiology Body Temperature Regulation Cross-Over Studies Cryotherapy - methods cycling Exercise Heat Heat‐dissipating strategies Hot Temperature Humans Ice Male pacing Physical Endurance - physiology Random Allocation Skin Temperature Sports medicine time‐trial tropical climate |
| title | Heat‐acclimatization and pre‐cooling: a further boost for endurance performance? |
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