Standardisation of 210Pb
The standardisation of 210Pb is complicated by the presence of the daughters, 210Bi and 210Po. In addition, the low energies of the beta emissions from 210Pb make it difficult to obtain high detection efficiencies in an atmospheric proportional counter and hence produce the need for large extrapolat...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied radiation and isotopes 2000-03, Vol.52 (3), p.381-385 |
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| container_title | Applied radiation and isotopes |
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| creator | Woods, D.H. Bowles, N.E. Jerome, S.M. de Lavison, P. Lineham, S. Makepeace, J.L. Woodman, A.P. Woods, M.J. |
| description | The standardisation of
210Pb is complicated by the presence of the daughters,
210Bi and
210Po. In addition, the low energies of the beta emissions from
210Pb make it difficult to obtain high detection efficiencies in an atmospheric proportional counter and hence produce the need for large extrapolations with consequential large uncertainties when extrapolating to unit efficiency with the conventional 4π(PC)-γ-coincidence technique. In order to produce a reliable standardisation, it is necessary to remove the daughter products. A solution of
210Pb was therefore chemically separated from its daughters and then standardised using the conventional 4π(LS)-γ-coincidence technique. The low energy (46 keV) and low emission probability (4%) of the associated photon emissions effectively rules out the possibility of using ionisation chambers as secondary standard transfer instruments for this nuclide. A germanium spectrometer therefore was calibrated for this purpose using
241Am as a normalising agent.
The results of this work are presented together with an analysis of the standardisation uncertainties that can be achieved in practice. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/S0969-8043(99)00182-7 |
| format | Article |
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210Pb is complicated by the presence of the daughters,
210Bi and
210Po. In addition, the low energies of the beta emissions from
210Pb make it difficult to obtain high detection efficiencies in an atmospheric proportional counter and hence produce the need for large extrapolations with consequential large uncertainties when extrapolating to unit efficiency with the conventional 4π(PC)-γ-coincidence technique. In order to produce a reliable standardisation, it is necessary to remove the daughter products. A solution of
210Pb was therefore chemically separated from its daughters and then standardised using the conventional 4π(LS)-γ-coincidence technique. The low energy (46 keV) and low emission probability (4%) of the associated photon emissions effectively rules out the possibility of using ionisation chambers as secondary standard transfer instruments for this nuclide. A germanium spectrometer therefore was calibrated for this purpose using
241Am as a normalising agent.
The results of this work are presented together with an analysis of the standardisation uncertainties that can be achieved in practice.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0969-8043</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-9800</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/S0969-8043(99)00182-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10724378</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><ispartof>Applied radiation and isotopes, 2000-03, Vol.52 (3), p.381-385</ispartof><rights>2000</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2108-2dd07477982c1e0bfed3d35a4bccc825432a20a82b5e2f8a7c63aad2bc5036bc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c2108-2dd07477982c1e0bfed3d35a4bccc825432a20a82b5e2f8a7c63aad2bc5036bc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0969-8043(99)00182-7$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10724378$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Woods, D.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowles, N.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jerome, S.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Lavison, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lineham, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Makepeace, J.L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woodman, A.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woods, M.J.</creatorcontrib><title>Standardisation of 210Pb</title><title>Applied radiation and isotopes</title><addtitle>Appl Radiat Isot</addtitle><description>The standardisation of
210Pb is complicated by the presence of the daughters,
210Bi and
210Po. In addition, the low energies of the beta emissions from
210Pb make it difficult to obtain high detection efficiencies in an atmospheric proportional counter and hence produce the need for large extrapolations with consequential large uncertainties when extrapolating to unit efficiency with the conventional 4π(PC)-γ-coincidence technique. In order to produce a reliable standardisation, it is necessary to remove the daughter products. A solution of
210Pb was therefore chemically separated from its daughters and then standardised using the conventional 4π(LS)-γ-coincidence technique. The low energy (46 keV) and low emission probability (4%) of the associated photon emissions effectively rules out the possibility of using ionisation chambers as secondary standard transfer instruments for this nuclide. A germanium spectrometer therefore was calibrated for this purpose using
241Am as a normalising agent.
The results of this work are presented together with an analysis of the standardisation uncertainties that can be achieved in practice.</description><issn>0969-8043</issn><issn>1872-9800</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkEtLAzEUhYMotlb3bpQu62L05mZmkqxEii8oKFTXIa-BSDtTkxnBf--0U8Sdq7v5zj2cj5ALCtcUaHmzBFnKTEDOZlJeAVCBGT8gYyo4ZlIAHJLxLzIiJyl9AEAuJB6TEQWOOeNiTM6Xra6dji4k3YamnjbVFCm8mlNyVOlV8mf7OyHvD_dv86ds8fL4PL9bZLbHRIbOAc85lwIt9WAq75hjhc6NtVZgkTPUCFqgKTxWQnNbMq0dGlsAK41lEzIb_m5i89n51Kp1SNavVrr2TZcUFYVkyCRCjxYDamOTUvSV2sSw1vFbUVBbKWonRW0XKynVTorife5yX9GZtXd_UoOFHrgdAN8P_Qo-qmSDr613IXrbKteEfyp-AOgNbrM</recordid><startdate>200003</startdate><enddate>200003</enddate><creator>Woods, D.H.</creator><creator>Bowles, N.E.</creator><creator>Jerome, S.M.</creator><creator>de Lavison, P.</creator><creator>Lineham, S.</creator><creator>Makepeace, J.L.</creator><creator>Woodman, A.P.</creator><creator>Woods, M.J.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200003</creationdate><title>Standardisation of 210Pb</title><author>Woods, D.H. ; Bowles, N.E. ; Jerome, S.M. ; de Lavison, P. ; Lineham, S. ; Makepeace, J.L. ; Woodman, A.P. ; Woods, M.J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c2108-2dd07477982c1e0bfed3d35a4bccc825432a20a82b5e2f8a7c63aad2bc5036bc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Woods, D.H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowles, N.E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jerome, S.M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Lavison, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lineham, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Makepeace, J.L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woodman, A.P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Woods, M.J.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Applied radiation and isotopes</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Woods, D.H.</au><au>Bowles, N.E.</au><au>Jerome, S.M.</au><au>de Lavison, P.</au><au>Lineham, S.</au><au>Makepeace, J.L.</au><au>Woodman, A.P.</au><au>Woods, M.J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Standardisation of 210Pb</atitle><jtitle>Applied radiation and isotopes</jtitle><addtitle>Appl Radiat Isot</addtitle><date>2000-03</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>52</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>381</spage><epage>385</epage><pages>381-385</pages><issn>0969-8043</issn><eissn>1872-9800</eissn><abstract>The standardisation of
210Pb is complicated by the presence of the daughters,
210Bi and
210Po. In addition, the low energies of the beta emissions from
210Pb make it difficult to obtain high detection efficiencies in an atmospheric proportional counter and hence produce the need for large extrapolations with consequential large uncertainties when extrapolating to unit efficiency with the conventional 4π(PC)-γ-coincidence technique. In order to produce a reliable standardisation, it is necessary to remove the daughter products. A solution of
210Pb was therefore chemically separated from its daughters and then standardised using the conventional 4π(LS)-γ-coincidence technique. The low energy (46 keV) and low emission probability (4%) of the associated photon emissions effectively rules out the possibility of using ionisation chambers as secondary standard transfer instruments for this nuclide. A germanium spectrometer therefore was calibrated for this purpose using
241Am as a normalising agent.
The results of this work are presented together with an analysis of the standardisation uncertainties that can be achieved in practice.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>10724378</pmid><doi>10.1016/S0969-8043(99)00182-7</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| source | Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| title | Standardisation of 210Pb |
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