Screening for Selected Human Pharmaceuticals and Cocaine in the Urban Streams of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil

Pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs are contaminants that are generally ubiquitous in wastewater treatment plant effluents with their release into the environment being well understood in North America, Europe, and Asia. There is, however, less information on the release of human pharmaceuticals and i...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of the American Water Resources Association 2014-04, Vol.50 (2), p.302-308
Hauptverfasser: Thomas, Kevin V., da Silva, Felipe M. Araújo, Langford, K.H., de Souza, Afonso D. Leão, Nizzeto, L., Waichman, A.V.
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container_end_page 308
container_issue 2
container_start_page 302
container_title Journal of the American Water Resources Association
container_volume 50
creator Thomas, Kevin V.
da Silva, Felipe M. Araújo
Langford, K.H.
de Souza, Afonso D. Leão
Nizzeto, L.
Waichman, A.V.
description Pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs are contaminants that are generally ubiquitous in wastewater treatment plant effluents with their release into the environment being well understood in North America, Europe, and Asia. There is, however, less information on the release of human pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs from regions undergoing rapid land use, economical, and social changes, such as Brazil. This encompasses many areas in the tropical zone where releases of emerging contaminants may impact pristine, bio‐diversity rich ecosystems. In this study, the occurrence of human pharmaceuticals and the illicit drug cocaine was determined in the Rio Negro and two of its tributaries that receive large amounts of untreated sewage, the Igarapé Mindu and the Igarapé do 40, passing through the city of Manaus, Brazil. In addition to cocaine and its metabolite, benzoylecognine, propranolol, diclofenac, amitriptyline, carbamazepine, carbamazepine‐epoxide, citalopram, metoprolol, carisoprolol, and sertraline were all detected in two urban tributaries at low ng/l concentrations similar to those typically found in urban surface waters. Concentrations in the Rio Negro were typically lower than detection limits due to the large level of dilution, although traces of a range of pharmaceuticals were detected in the Rio Negro in proximity of the confluence of the urban streams. The data represent new information on the emissions of pharmaceuticals from a newly industrialized region of Brazil.
doi_str_mv 10.1111/jawr.12164
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source Wiley Online Library All Journals
subjects Amazonas
Chemical contaminants
Cocaine
Contaminants
Creeks & streams
Drug abuse
Drugs
Earth sciences
Earth, ocean, space
Exact sciences and technology
human pharmaceuticals
Hydrology. Hydrogeology
Illicit
illicit drugs
Land use
Narcotics
Pharmaceuticals
Streams
Tributaries
Urban areas
urban streams
Water resources
Water treatment plants
title Screening for Selected Human Pharmaceuticals and Cocaine in the Urban Streams of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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