Investigation of chemi-crystallization and free volume changes of high-density polyethylene weathered in a subtropical humid zone

The chemi‐crystallization and free volume changes of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) exposed to subtropical humid climate of Guangzhou, China, were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, dynamic mechanical analysi...

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Veröffentlicht in:Polymer international 2016-12, Vol.65 (12), p.1474-1481
Hauptverfasser: Xiong, Jian, Ni, Kai, Liao, Xia, Zhu, Jingjun, An, Zhu, Yang, Qi, Huang, Yajiang, Li, Guangxian
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container_end_page 1481
container_issue 12
container_start_page 1474
container_title Polymer international
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creator Xiong, Jian
Ni, Kai
Liao, Xia
Zhu, Jingjun
An, Zhu
Yang, Qi
Huang, Yajiang
Li, Guangxian
description The chemi‐crystallization and free volume changes of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) exposed to subtropical humid climate of Guangzhou, China, were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, dynamic mechanical analysis and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. An increase in content of carbonyl groups and significant chemi‐crystallization were observed to occur during natural exposure. Chain scission accounted for the chemi‐crystallization and would lead to greater crystallizability of the molecules. The reheating DSC run indicated that the crystallizability of the degraded HDPE molecules increased initially with exposure time and then decreased. Positron data showed the new crystals induced by chemi‐crystallization indeed had more imperfect crystal structure in comparison with the pre‐existing parent crystals, and the free volume located in amorphous regions decreased involving a shrinking of the free volume holes. The shrinkage of free volume holes was correlated with the loss of mobility of HDPE molecules, which was confirmed by the increase of glass transition temperature. The formation of new imperfect crystals might increase the amount of rigid amorphous fraction of HDPE materials, as well as the occurrence of crosslinking reactions of molecules located in the interior of HDPE materials, consequently decreasing the molecular mobility. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry An increase of glass transition temperature substantiated the loss of molecular mobility of amorphous molecules, which is a crucial contributor to the shrinkage of free volume.
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Positron data showed the new crystals induced by chemi‐crystallization indeed had more imperfect crystal structure in comparison with the pre‐existing parent crystals, and the free volume located in amorphous regions decreased involving a shrinking of the free volume holes. The shrinkage of free volume holes was correlated with the loss of mobility of HDPE molecules, which was confirmed by the increase of glass transition temperature. 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subjects chemi-crystallization
Crystal defects
Crystal structure
Differential scanning calorimetry
Exposure
free volume
Glass transition temperature
High density
high-density polyethylene
molecular mobility
natural weathering
Polyethylenes
positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy
Shrinkage
title Investigation of chemi-crystallization and free volume changes of high-density polyethylene weathered in a subtropical humid zone
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