Bioactivity and biocompatibility of two fluoride containing bioactive glasses for dental applications

Abstract Objective Bioactive glasses (BAG) form, in contrast to formerly used implant materials, a stable bond with tissues, especially bone, when implanted. Nowadays BAGs are often mixed with a cement/composite that hardens in situ to broaden its applications in dentistry or orthopedics. The bioactivity and biocompatibility of possible BAG candidates for BAG-cement/composite development were evaluated. Methods Two fluoride containing BAGs were tested: a Na+ -containing (45S5F), based on the first commercial BAG, and a Na+ -free BAG (CF9), with a higher Ca2+ and PO43− content. BAGs were tested on their bioactivity upon immersion in SBF for 7 days by evaluating the surface changes by FT-IR, SEM, EDS and PO43− and Ca2+ uptake and/or release from SBF. Moreover, the biocompatibility of the BAGs was investigated with a direct contact cell viability study with HFF cells and a cell adhesion study with MG-63 cells. Results The Na+ -free BAG, CF9, showed the highest potential to bioactivate cements because of its high Ca2+ -release and apatite (Ap) formation, as evidenced by SEM pictures and corresponding EDX patterns. FT-IR confirmed the formation of an Ap layer. Moreover CF9 had a higher biocompatibility than 45S5F. Significance For the bioactivation of GICs/composites in order to enhance bonding and remineralization of surrounding tissues, fluoride containing BAG may have advantages over other BAGs as a more stable fluorapatite can be formed. CF9 may be an excellent candidate therefore.