Meta-Analysis of Outcomes and Evolution of Pulmonary Hypertension Before and After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common entity in patients with severe aortic stenosis (AS) who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), but its role on clinical outcomes remains undetermined. We evaluated the impact of baseline and postprocedural PH on clinical outcomes and changes in pulmonary artery systolic pressure after TAVI by performing a meta-analysis of 16 studies enrolling 9,204 patients with AS who underwent TAVI. In patients with baseline PH, all-cause mortality was significantly increased, as shown by pooled odds ratio (ORs) for overall 30-day (OR 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.28 to 1.80), 1-year (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.51), and 2-year all-cause mortality (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.69), compared with those without PH, independent of different methods of PH assessment. The presence of post-TAVI PH was associated with a significant increase in 2-year all-cause mortality (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.43 to 3.74). Nevertheless, pulmonary artery systolic pressure decreased at 3-month to 1-year follow-up (standardized mean difference −1.12, 95% CI −1.46 to −0.78). Baseline PH was associated with higher 30-day and 1-year cardiovascular mortality. Patients with baseline PH had higher risk of stroke at 1 year and acute kidney injury at 30 days. But the risk of major vascular complications was significantly lower in patients with baseline PH. In conclusion, the presence of PH is associated with increased short- and long-term mortality, also higher risk of stroke and acute kidney injury after TAVI. A significant decrease in PSAP is detected in patients with AS in midterm follow-up after TAVI.