Paternal Stimulation and Early Child Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Few studies have examined the relationship between paternal stimulation and children's growth and development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of paternal stimulation and to assess whether paternal stimulation was associated...
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description | Few studies have examined the relationship between paternal stimulation and children's growth and development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of paternal stimulation and to assess whether paternal stimulation was associated with early child growth and development.
Data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys rounds 4 and 5 were combined across 38 LMICs. The sample comprised 87 286 children aged 3 and 4 years. Paternal stimulation was measured by the number of play and learning activities (up to 6) a father engaged in with his child over the past 3 days. Linear regression models were used to estimate standardized mean differences in height-for-age z-scores and Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) z-scores across 3 levels of paternal stimulation, after controlling for other caregivers' stimulation and demographic covariates.
A total of 47.8% of fathers did not engage in any stimulation activities, whereas 6.4% of fathers engaged in 5 or 6 stimulation activities. Children whose fathers were moderately engaged in stimulation (1-4 activities) showed ECDI scores that were 0.09 SD (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.12 to -0.06) lower than children whose fathers were highly engaged; children whose fathers were unengaged showed ECDI scores that were 0.14 SD lower (95% CI: -0.17 to -0.12). Neither moderate paternal stimulation nor lack of paternal stimulation was associated with height-for-age z-scores, relative to high stimulation.
Increasing paternal engagement in stimulation is likely to improve early child development in LMICs. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1542/peds.2016-1357 |
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Data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys rounds 4 and 5 were combined across 38 LMICs. The sample comprised 87 286 children aged 3 and 4 years. Paternal stimulation was measured by the number of play and learning activities (up to 6) a father engaged in with his child over the past 3 days. Linear regression models were used to estimate standardized mean differences in height-for-age z-scores and Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) z-scores across 3 levels of paternal stimulation, after controlling for other caregivers' stimulation and demographic covariates.
A total of 47.8% of fathers did not engage in any stimulation activities, whereas 6.4% of fathers engaged in 5 or 6 stimulation activities. Children whose fathers were moderately engaged in stimulation (1-4 activities) showed ECDI scores that were 0.09 SD (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.12 to -0.06) lower than children whose fathers were highly engaged; children whose fathers were unengaged showed ECDI scores that were 0.14 SD lower (95% CI: -0.17 to -0.12). Neither moderate paternal stimulation nor lack of paternal stimulation was associated with height-for-age z-scores, relative to high stimulation.
Increasing paternal engagement in stimulation is likely to improve early child development in LMICs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0031-4005</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-4275</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-1357</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27600319</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PEDIAU</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Academy of Pediatrics</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Analysis ; Child Development ; Child, Preschool ; Demographics ; Developing Countries ; Educational Status ; Father-Child Relations ; Fathers ; Female ; Health aspects ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Income ; LDCs ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mother-Child Relations ; Parent and child ; Parent-child relations ; Parents & parenting ; Pediatrics ; Regression analysis ; Social aspects ; Urban Population ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Pediatrics (Evanston), 2016-10, Vol.138 (4), p.1</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2016 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.</rights><rights>Copyright American Academy of Pediatrics Oct 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c401t-596cb4a4b3cd44a963ecf4079a2f8f8579beb00bcdece23aa6b022a509b983af3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c401t-596cb4a4b3cd44a963ecf4079a2f8f8579beb00bcdece23aa6b022a509b983af3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27600319$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jeong, Joshua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCoy, Dana Charles</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yousafzai, Aisha K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salhi, Carmel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fink, Günther</creatorcontrib><title>Paternal Stimulation and Early Child Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries</title><title>Pediatrics (Evanston)</title><addtitle>Pediatrics</addtitle><description>Few studies have examined the relationship between paternal stimulation and children's growth and development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of paternal stimulation and to assess whether paternal stimulation was associated with early child growth and development.
Data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys rounds 4 and 5 were combined across 38 LMICs. The sample comprised 87 286 children aged 3 and 4 years. Paternal stimulation was measured by the number of play and learning activities (up to 6) a father engaged in with his child over the past 3 days. Linear regression models were used to estimate standardized mean differences in height-for-age z-scores and Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) z-scores across 3 levels of paternal stimulation, after controlling for other caregivers' stimulation and demographic covariates.
A total of 47.8% of fathers did not engage in any stimulation activities, whereas 6.4% of fathers engaged in 5 or 6 stimulation activities. Children whose fathers were moderately engaged in stimulation (1-4 activities) showed ECDI scores that were 0.09 SD (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.12 to -0.06) lower than children whose fathers were highly engaged; children whose fathers were unengaged showed ECDI scores that were 0.14 SD lower (95% CI: -0.17 to -0.12). Neither moderate paternal stimulation nor lack of paternal stimulation was associated with height-for-age z-scores, relative to high stimulation.
Increasing paternal engagement in stimulation is likely to improve early child development in LMICs.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Child Development</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Demographics</subject><subject>Developing Countries</subject><subject>Educational Status</subject><subject>Father-Child Relations</subject><subject>Fathers</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health Surveys</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Income</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Mother-Child Relations</subject><subject>Parent and child</subject><subject>Parent-child relations</subject><subject>Parents & parenting</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Social aspects</subject><subject>Urban Population</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0031-4005</issn><issn>1098-4275</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUFv1DAQRi0EosvClSOKxIWLl7Fjx_GxCqVU2qqVWs6W40yKKydeYgfov2_CFg49zWHejOabR8h7BjsmBf98wC7tOLCKslKqF2TDQNdUcCVfkg1AyagAkCfkTUr3ACCk4q_JCVfV2tMbcnttM06jDcVN9sMcbPZxLOzYFWd2Cg9F88OHrviCvzDEw4BjLvxY7ONv-pe59F0XkF6MLg5YNHEe8-QxvSWvehsSvnuqW_L969lt843ur84vmtM9dQJYplJXrhVWtKXrhLC6KtH1ApS2vK_7WirdYgvQug4d8tLaqgXOrQTd6rq0fbkln457D1P8OWPKZvDJYQh2xDgnw2rJqyUxkwv68Rl6H-c190rxmimtlo9sCT1Sdzag8UusMeOf7GIIeIdmOb65MqdCMa0qDmrhd0feTTGlCXtzmPxgpwfDwKx-zOrHrH7M6mcZ-PB0xtwO2P3H_wkpHwHjKYoq</recordid><startdate>201610</startdate><enddate>201610</enddate><creator>Jeong, Joshua</creator><creator>McCoy, Dana Charles</creator><creator>Yousafzai, Aisha K</creator><creator>Salhi, Carmel</creator><creator>Fink, Günther</creator><general>American Academy of Pediatrics</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>U9A</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201610</creationdate><title>Paternal Stimulation and Early Child Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries</title><author>Jeong, Joshua ; McCoy, Dana Charles ; Yousafzai, Aisha K ; Salhi, Carmel ; Fink, Günther</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c401t-596cb4a4b3cd44a963ecf4079a2f8f8579beb00bcdece23aa6b022a509b983af3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Child Development</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Demographics</topic><topic>Developing Countries</topic><topic>Educational Status</topic><topic>Father-Child Relations</topic><topic>Fathers</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health Surveys</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Income</topic><topic>LDCs</topic><topic>Linear Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Mother-Child Relations</topic><topic>Parent and child</topic><topic>Parent-child relations</topic><topic>Parents & parenting</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Social aspects</topic><topic>Urban Population</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jeong, Joshua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McCoy, Dana Charles</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yousafzai, Aisha K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salhi, Carmel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fink, Günther</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Pediatrics (Evanston)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jeong, Joshua</au><au>McCoy, Dana Charles</au><au>Yousafzai, Aisha K</au><au>Salhi, Carmel</au><au>Fink, Günther</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Paternal Stimulation and Early Child Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries</atitle><jtitle>Pediatrics (Evanston)</jtitle><addtitle>Pediatrics</addtitle><date>2016-10</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>138</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>1</spage><pages>1-</pages><issn>0031-4005</issn><eissn>1098-4275</eissn><coden>PEDIAU</coden><abstract>Few studies have examined the relationship between paternal stimulation and children's growth and development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of paternal stimulation and to assess whether paternal stimulation was associated with early child growth and development.
Data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys rounds 4 and 5 were combined across 38 LMICs. The sample comprised 87 286 children aged 3 and 4 years. Paternal stimulation was measured by the number of play and learning activities (up to 6) a father engaged in with his child over the past 3 days. Linear regression models were used to estimate standardized mean differences in height-for-age z-scores and Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) z-scores across 3 levels of paternal stimulation, after controlling for other caregivers' stimulation and demographic covariates.
A total of 47.8% of fathers did not engage in any stimulation activities, whereas 6.4% of fathers engaged in 5 or 6 stimulation activities. Children whose fathers were moderately engaged in stimulation (1-4 activities) showed ECDI scores that were 0.09 SD (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.12 to -0.06) lower than children whose fathers were highly engaged; children whose fathers were unengaged showed ECDI scores that were 0.14 SD lower (95% CI: -0.17 to -0.12). Neither moderate paternal stimulation nor lack of paternal stimulation was associated with height-for-age z-scores, relative to high stimulation.
Increasing paternal engagement in stimulation is likely to improve early child development in LMICs.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Academy of Pediatrics</pub><pmid>27600319</pmid><doi>10.1542/peds.2016-1357</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adolescent Adult Analysis Child Development Child, Preschool Demographics Developing Countries Educational Status Father-Child Relations Fathers Female Health aspects Health Surveys Humans Income LDCs Linear Models Male Middle Aged Mother-Child Relations Parent and child Parent-child relations Parents & parenting Pediatrics Regression analysis Social aspects Urban Population Young Adult |
title | Paternal Stimulation and Early Child Development in Low- and Middle-Income Countries |
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