Age Differences in Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind: Concurrent Contributions of Neurocognitive Performance, Sex, and Pulse Pressure
Abstract Objectives: Theory of mind (ToM) allows us to detect and make inferences about cognitive and affective mental states. Mixed findings exist regarding (a) age differences in cognitive and affective ToM and (b) what mechanisms may underlie changes in the two components. We addressed these ques...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2017-01, Vol.72 (1), p.71-81 |
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| container_title | The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences |
| container_volume | 72 |
| creator | Fischer, Ashley L. O’Rourke, Norm Loken Thornton, Wendy |
| description | Abstract
Objectives:
Theory of mind (ToM) allows us to detect and make inferences about cognitive and affective mental states. Mixed findings exist regarding (a) age differences in cognitive and affective ToM and (b) what mechanisms may underlie changes in the two components. We addressed these questions by examining the unique and joint contributions of neurocognitive performance, pulse pressure (PP), and biological sex to age differences in cognitive and affective ToM.
Method:
We tested 86 young and 85 older adults on standardized measures of neurocognitive performance and ToM. Predictors were derived from demographics (sex), in-office PP, and measures of executive functions, semantic memory, and episodic memory. We used path analysis to identify concurrent predictors of cognitive and affective ToM between groups and invariance analyses to assess age differences in the relative strength of identified predictors.
Results:
We demonstrated robust age differences in cognitive and affective ToM. Certain neurocognitive predictors of ToM were more salient among older individuals; most predictors were shared across age groups and equivalent in magnitude.
Discussion:
To our knowledge, this study represents the most comprehensive investigation to date of predictors of ToM in aging. Findings highlight the need for continued investigation of ToM within a multidimensional framework. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/geronb/gbw088 |
| format | Article |
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Objectives:
Theory of mind (ToM) allows us to detect and make inferences about cognitive and affective mental states. Mixed findings exist regarding (a) age differences in cognitive and affective ToM and (b) what mechanisms may underlie changes in the two components. We addressed these questions by examining the unique and joint contributions of neurocognitive performance, pulse pressure (PP), and biological sex to age differences in cognitive and affective ToM.
Method:
We tested 86 young and 85 older adults on standardized measures of neurocognitive performance and ToM. Predictors were derived from demographics (sex), in-office PP, and measures of executive functions, semantic memory, and episodic memory. We used path analysis to identify concurrent predictors of cognitive and affective ToM between groups and invariance analyses to assess age differences in the relative strength of identified predictors.
Results:
We demonstrated robust age differences in cognitive and affective ToM. Certain neurocognitive predictors of ToM were more salient among older individuals; most predictors were shared across age groups and equivalent in magnitude.
Discussion:
To our knowledge, this study represents the most comprehensive investigation to date of predictors of ToM in aging. Findings highlight the need for continued investigation of ToM within a multidimensional framework.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1079-5014</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1758-5368</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbw088</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27503390</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>US: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Affect - physiology ; Age differences ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aging ; Aging - physiology ; Blood Pressure - physiology ; Cognition & reasoning ; Cognitive Aging - physiology ; Cognitive Aging - psychology ; Demographics ; Episodic memory ; Executive Function - physiology ; Female ; Gender differences ; Gerontology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory ; Memory, Episodic ; Mental Recall - physiology ; Mental states ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests ; Older people ; Path analysis ; Reference Values ; Semantic memory ; Semantics ; Sex Factors ; Theory of Mind ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences, 2017-01, Vol.72 (1), p.71-81</ispartof><rights>The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. 2016</rights><rights>The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.</rights><rights>Copyright Oxford University Press, UK Jan 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-ba1a023e65f2e56c13f62c3c047a27dbc5ad40c466b8bb10de0e0b70cb44ead43</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-ba1a023e65f2e56c13f62c3c047a27dbc5ad40c466b8bb10de0e0b70cb44ead43</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,1578,27903,27904,30978</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27503390$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fischer, Ashley L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O’Rourke, Norm</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loken Thornton, Wendy</creatorcontrib><title>Age Differences in Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind: Concurrent Contributions of Neurocognitive Performance, Sex, and Pulse Pressure</title><title>The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences</title><addtitle>J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci</addtitle><description>Abstract
Objectives:
Theory of mind (ToM) allows us to detect and make inferences about cognitive and affective mental states. Mixed findings exist regarding (a) age differences in cognitive and affective ToM and (b) what mechanisms may underlie changes in the two components. We addressed these questions by examining the unique and joint contributions of neurocognitive performance, pulse pressure (PP), and biological sex to age differences in cognitive and affective ToM.
Method:
We tested 86 young and 85 older adults on standardized measures of neurocognitive performance and ToM. Predictors were derived from demographics (sex), in-office PP, and measures of executive functions, semantic memory, and episodic memory. We used path analysis to identify concurrent predictors of cognitive and affective ToM between groups and invariance analyses to assess age differences in the relative strength of identified predictors.
Results:
We demonstrated robust age differences in cognitive and affective ToM. Certain neurocognitive predictors of ToM were more salient among older individuals; most predictors were shared across age groups and equivalent in magnitude.
Discussion:
To our knowledge, this study represents the most comprehensive investigation to date of predictors of ToM in aging. Findings highlight the need for continued investigation of ToM within a multidimensional framework.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Affect - physiology</subject><subject>Age differences</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Aging</subject><subject>Aging - physiology</subject><subject>Blood Pressure - physiology</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>Cognitive Aging - physiology</subject><subject>Cognitive Aging - psychology</subject><subject>Demographics</subject><subject>Episodic memory</subject><subject>Executive Function - physiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gender differences</subject><subject>Gerontology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Memory</subject><subject>Memory, Episodic</subject><subject>Mental Recall - physiology</subject><subject>Mental states</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Neuropsychological Tests</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Path analysis</subject><subject>Reference Values</subject><subject>Semantic memory</subject><subject>Semantics</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Theory of Mind</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1079-5014</issn><issn>1758-5368</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUlPBCEQhYnRuB-9mk68eJhWaKAXb5NxTdwS9dwBunrEzMAIjctf8FdLz7gkXqxLFbyPRyUPoR2CDwiu6OEYnDXycCxfcVkuoXVS8DLlNC-X44yLKuWYsDW04f0TjkUKtorWsoJjSiu8jj6GY0iOdduCA6PAJ9okIzs2utMvkAjTJMOoqfnp_hGse09sm1xp0xxFzqjg4ruuHzunZei0Nb4nriE4q36MbsG11k1F_GKQ3MHbYG59GyY-ag68Dw620Eor4sX2V99ED6cn96Pz9PLm7GI0vEwV41WXSkEEzijkvM2A54rQNs8UVZgVIisaqbhoGFYsz2UpJcENYMCywEoyBlGim2h_4Ttz9jmA7-qp9gomE2HABl-Tkmc5ZyXt0b0_6JMNzsTt5lRVUJr1VLqglLPeO2jrmdNT4d5rgus-pHoRUr0IKfK7X65BTqH5ob9T-d3Qhtk_Xp-VYp7K</recordid><startdate>20170101</startdate><enddate>20170101</enddate><creator>Fischer, Ashley L.</creator><creator>O’Rourke, Norm</creator><creator>Loken Thornton, Wendy</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170101</creationdate><title>Age Differences in Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind: Concurrent Contributions of Neurocognitive Performance, Sex, and Pulse Pressure</title><author>Fischer, Ashley L. ; O’Rourke, Norm ; Loken Thornton, Wendy</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c459t-ba1a023e65f2e56c13f62c3c047a27dbc5ad40c466b8bb10de0e0b70cb44ead43</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Affect - physiology</topic><topic>Age differences</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Aging</topic><topic>Aging - physiology</topic><topic>Blood Pressure - physiology</topic><topic>Cognition & reasoning</topic><topic>Cognitive Aging - physiology</topic><topic>Cognitive Aging - psychology</topic><topic>Demographics</topic><topic>Episodic memory</topic><topic>Executive Function - physiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gender differences</topic><topic>Gerontology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Memory</topic><topic>Memory, Episodic</topic><topic>Mental Recall - physiology</topic><topic>Mental states</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Neuropsychological Tests</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Path analysis</topic><topic>Reference Values</topic><topic>Semantic memory</topic><topic>Semantics</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Theory of Mind</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fischer, Ashley L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O’Rourke, Norm</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loken Thornton, Wendy</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fischer, Ashley L.</au><au>O’Rourke, Norm</au><au>Loken Thornton, Wendy</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Age Differences in Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind: Concurrent Contributions of Neurocognitive Performance, Sex, and Pulse Pressure</atitle><jtitle>The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences</jtitle><addtitle>J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci</addtitle><date>2017-01-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>72</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>71</spage><epage>81</epage><pages>71-81</pages><issn>1079-5014</issn><eissn>1758-5368</eissn><abstract>Abstract
Objectives:
Theory of mind (ToM) allows us to detect and make inferences about cognitive and affective mental states. Mixed findings exist regarding (a) age differences in cognitive and affective ToM and (b) what mechanisms may underlie changes in the two components. We addressed these questions by examining the unique and joint contributions of neurocognitive performance, pulse pressure (PP), and biological sex to age differences in cognitive and affective ToM.
Method:
We tested 86 young and 85 older adults on standardized measures of neurocognitive performance and ToM. Predictors were derived from demographics (sex), in-office PP, and measures of executive functions, semantic memory, and episodic memory. We used path analysis to identify concurrent predictors of cognitive and affective ToM between groups and invariance analyses to assess age differences in the relative strength of identified predictors.
Results:
We demonstrated robust age differences in cognitive and affective ToM. Certain neurocognitive predictors of ToM were more salient among older individuals; most predictors were shared across age groups and equivalent in magnitude.
Discussion:
To our knowledge, this study represents the most comprehensive investigation to date of predictors of ToM in aging. Findings highlight the need for continued investigation of ToM within a multidimensional framework.</abstract><cop>US</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>27503390</pmid><doi>10.1093/geronb/gbw088</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Affect - physiology Age differences Age Factors Aged Aged, 80 and over Aging Aging - physiology Blood Pressure - physiology Cognition & reasoning Cognitive Aging - physiology Cognitive Aging - psychology Demographics Episodic memory Executive Function - physiology Female Gender differences Gerontology Humans Male Memory Memory, Episodic Mental Recall - physiology Mental states Middle Aged Neuropsychological Tests Older people Path analysis Reference Values Semantic memory Semantics Sex Factors Theory of Mind Young Adult |
| title | Age Differences in Cognitive and Affective Theory of Mind: Concurrent Contributions of Neurocognitive Performance, Sex, and Pulse Pressure |
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