Effects of new antifouling compounds on the development of sea urchin

Tributyltin oxide (TBTO) has been used worldwide in marine antifouling paints as a biocide for some time. However, it produced toxic effects, especially in marine water/sediment ecosystems. Consequently, its use in antifouling paints has been prohibited in many countries. In this study, the toxicity...

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Veröffentlicht in:Marine pollution bulletin 2002-08, Vol.44 (8), p.748-751
Hauptverfasser: Kobayashi, Naomasa, Okamura, Hideo
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Okamura, Hideo
description Tributyltin oxide (TBTO) has been used worldwide in marine antifouling paints as a biocide for some time. However, it produced toxic effects, especially in marine water/sediment ecosystems. Consequently, its use in antifouling paints has been prohibited in many countries. In this study, the toxicity of alternative and/or new antifouling biocides compared with TBTO is assessed by a biological method. The effects of these chemicals on marine species have not been well studied. This paper assesses, comparatively, the effects of eight biocides on sea urchin eggs and embryos. The chemicals assessed were TBTO, Irgarol 1051, M1 (the persistent degradation product of Irgarol), Diuron, zinc pyrithione, `KH101', `Sea-Nine 211', and copper pyrithione. For these chemicals, toxicity appears to be in the order zinc pyrithione> Sea-Nine 211> KH101> copper pyrithione> TBTO> Diuron∼ Irgarol 1051> M1 . Here, we show that zinc pyrithione, Sea-Nine 211, KH101, and copper pyrithione are much more toxic to sea urchins than TBTO or the other chemicals.
doi_str_mv 10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00052-8
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subjects Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Animals
Antifouling
Applied ecology
Bioassay
Biological and medical sciences
Echinoidea
Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution
Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on protozoa and invertebrates
Eggs and embryos
Embryo, Nonmammalian - drug effects
Embryonic Development
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Fungicides, Industrial - toxicity
Molluscacides - toxicity
Paint
Sea urchin
sea urchins
Sea Urchins - embryology
Sea-Nine 211
Trialkyltin Compounds - toxicity
tributyltin oxide
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
Zinc pyrithione
title Effects of new antifouling compounds on the development of sea urchin
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