Leukemia, Brain Tumors, and Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Swiss Railway Employees
Railway engineers provide excellent opportunities for studying the relation between exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and leukemia or brain tumors. In a cohort study of Swiss railway personnel with 2.7 × 105 person-years of follow-up (1972–1993), the authors compared occupations wi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of epidemiology 2001-05, Vol.153 (9), p.825-835 |
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| description | Railway engineers provide excellent opportunities for studying the relation between exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and leukemia or brain tumors. In a cohort study of Swiss railway personnel with 2.7 × 105 person-years of follow-up (1972–1993), the authors compared occupations with high average exposures (line engineers: 25.9 μT) to those with medium and low exposures (station masters: 1 μT). The mortality rate ratio for leukemia was 2.4 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 6.1) among line engineers (reference category: station masters). The mortality rate ratio for brain tumors was 1.0 (95% CI: 0.2, 4.6) among line engineers and 5.1 (95% CI: 1.2, 21.2) among shunting yard engineers (compared with station masters). Two exposure characteristics were evaluated: cumulative exposure in μT-years and years spent under exposure to magnetic fields of ≥10 μT. There was a significant increase in leukemia mortality of 0.9% (95% CI: 0.2, 1.7) per μT-year of cumulative exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields. The increase by years spent under exposure of ≥10 μT was even stronger: 62% per year (95% CI: 15, 129). Brain cancer risk did not show a dose-response relation. This study contributes to the evidence for a link between heavy exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and leukemia. Its strengths include reliable measurements and reliable historical reconstruction of exposures. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1093/aje/153.9.825 |
| format | Article |
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E. ; Pfluger, D. H.</creator><creatorcontrib>Minder, C. E. ; Pfluger, D. H.</creatorcontrib><description>Railway engineers provide excellent opportunities for studying the relation between exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and leukemia or brain tumors. In a cohort study of Swiss railway personnel with 2.7 × 105 person-years of follow-up (1972–1993), the authors compared occupations with high average exposures (line engineers: 25.9 μT) to those with medium and low exposures (station masters: 1 μT). The mortality rate ratio for leukemia was 2.4 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 6.1) among line engineers (reference category: station masters). The mortality rate ratio for brain tumors was 1.0 (95% CI: 0.2, 4.6) among line engineers and 5.1 (95% CI: 1.2, 21.2) among shunting yard engineers (compared with station masters). Two exposure characteristics were evaluated: cumulative exposure in μT-years and years spent under exposure to magnetic fields of ≥10 μT. There was a significant increase in leukemia mortality of 0.9% (95% CI: 0.2, 1.7) per μT-year of cumulative exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields. The increase by years spent under exposure of ≥10 μT was even stronger: 62% per year (95% CI: 15, 129). Brain cancer risk did not show a dose-response relation. This study contributes to the evidence for a link between heavy exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and leukemia. Its strengths include reliable measurements and reliable historical reconstruction of exposures.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9262</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-6256</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0002-9262</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/aje/153.9.825</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11323311</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJEPAS</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cary, NC: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>Adult ; Biological and medical sciences ; brain neoplasms ; Brain Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Brain Neoplasms - mortality ; Causality ; Chemical, physic and infectious diseases ; Cohort Studies ; confidence interval ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Eighth Revision ; electromagnetic fields ; Electromagnetic Fields - adverse effects ; ELF ; Endpoint Determination ; environmental monitoring ; extremely low frequency ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; ICD-8 ; International Classification of Diseases ; leukemia ; Leukemia - epidemiology ; Leukemia - mortality ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced - epidemiology ; Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced - mortality ; occupational exposure ; Occupational Exposure - adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure - statistics & numerical data ; Occupational medicine ; Odds Ratio ; Physic and infectious agents ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Railroads - statistics & numerical data ; Reproducibility of Results ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Switzerland - epidemiology ; Time Factors</subject><ispartof>American journal of epidemiology, 2001-05, Vol.153 (9), p.825-835</ispartof><rights>2001 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Oxford University Press(England) May 01, 2001</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c452t-861e938346d9d45b4bb2d32ac79906b5bc3ffa6d2c9cd6e315aaeb0950d81d5b3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,27903,27904</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=960242$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11323311$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Minder, C. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pfluger, D. H.</creatorcontrib><title>Leukemia, Brain Tumors, and Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Swiss Railway Employees</title><title>American journal of epidemiology</title><addtitle>Am. J. Epidemiol</addtitle><description>Railway engineers provide excellent opportunities for studying the relation between exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and leukemia or brain tumors. In a cohort study of Swiss railway personnel with 2.7 × 105 person-years of follow-up (1972–1993), the authors compared occupations with high average exposures (line engineers: 25.9 μT) to those with medium and low exposures (station masters: 1 μT). The mortality rate ratio for leukemia was 2.4 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 6.1) among line engineers (reference category: station masters). The mortality rate ratio for brain tumors was 1.0 (95% CI: 0.2, 4.6) among line engineers and 5.1 (95% CI: 1.2, 21.2) among shunting yard engineers (compared with station masters). Two exposure characteristics were evaluated: cumulative exposure in μT-years and years spent under exposure to magnetic fields of ≥10 μT. There was a significant increase in leukemia mortality of 0.9% (95% CI: 0.2, 1.7) per μT-year of cumulative exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields. The increase by years spent under exposure of ≥10 μT was even stronger: 62% per year (95% CI: 15, 129). Brain cancer risk did not show a dose-response relation. This study contributes to the evidence for a link between heavy exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and leukemia. Its strengths include reliable measurements and reliable historical reconstruction of exposures.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>brain neoplasms</subject><subject>Brain Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Brain Neoplasms - mortality</subject><subject>Causality</subject><subject>Chemical, physic and infectious diseases</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>confidence interval</subject><subject>Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation</subject><subject>Eighth Revision</subject><subject>electromagnetic fields</subject><subject>Electromagnetic Fields - adverse effects</subject><subject>ELF</subject><subject>Endpoint Determination</subject><subject>environmental monitoring</subject><subject>extremely low frequency</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>ICD-8</subject><subject>International Classification of Diseases</subject><subject>leukemia</subject><subject>Leukemia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Leukemia - mortality</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced - epidemiology</subject><subject>Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced - mortality</subject><subject>occupational exposure</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Occupational Exposure - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Occupational medicine</subject><subject>Odds Ratio</subject><subject>Physic and infectious agents</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Railroads - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Switzerland - epidemiology</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><issn>0002-9262</issn><issn>1476-6256</issn><issn>0002-9262</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpd0c1rFDEYBvAgil2rR68SFDx1tvmYZCfHuuy0woKgFcRLyCTvSLaZyTaZYbv_vZEuLXhKID-evMmD0HtKlpQofml2cEkFX6plw8QLtKD1SlaSCfkSLQghrFJMsjP0JucdIZQqQV6jM0o545zSBbrfwnwHgzcX-EsyfsS38xBTvsBmdHjzsI95ToCnWPZTggHCEW_jAbcJ7mcY7RFvAtgpxcH8GWHyFrcegsu4JP04-Jzxd-PDwRQ37EM8AuS36FVvQoZ3p_Uc_Ww3t-ubavvt-uv6alvZWrCpaiQFxRteS6dcLbq665jjzNiVUkR2orO87410zCrrJHAqjIGOlPe5hjrR8XP0-TF3n2KZNU968NlCCGaEOGdNm7pRhJECP_4Hd3FOY5lNMy6UrBkRBVWPyKaYc4Je75MfTDpqSvS_InQpQpcitNKliOI_nELnbgD3rE8_X8CnEzDZmtAnM1qfn5yShNXs-VqfJ3h4OjXpTssVXwl98-u3ptect3Ld6pr_BajMn70</recordid><startdate>20010501</startdate><enddate>20010501</enddate><creator>Minder, C. E.</creator><creator>Pfluger, D. H.</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>Oxford Publishing Limited (England)</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U2</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20010501</creationdate><title>Leukemia, Brain Tumors, and Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Swiss Railway Employees</title><author>Minder, C. E. ; Pfluger, D. H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c452t-861e938346d9d45b4bb2d32ac79906b5bc3ffa6d2c9cd6e315aaeb0950d81d5b3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>brain neoplasms</topic><topic>Brain Neoplasms - epidemiology</topic><topic>Brain Neoplasms - mortality</topic><topic>Causality</topic><topic>Chemical, physic and infectious diseases</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>confidence interval</topic><topic>Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)</topic><topic>Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation</topic><topic>Eighth Revision</topic><topic>electromagnetic fields</topic><topic>Electromagnetic Fields - adverse effects</topic><topic>ELF</topic><topic>Endpoint Determination</topic><topic>environmental monitoring</topic><topic>extremely low frequency</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>ICD-8</topic><topic>International Classification of Diseases</topic><topic>leukemia</topic><topic>Leukemia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Leukemia - mortality</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced - epidemiology</topic><topic>Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced - mortality</topic><topic>occupational exposure</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure - adverse effects</topic><topic>Occupational Exposure - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Occupational medicine</topic><topic>Odds Ratio</topic><topic>Physic and infectious agents</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Railroads - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Switzerland - epidemiology</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Minder, C. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pfluger, D. 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E.</au><au>Pfluger, D. H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Leukemia, Brain Tumors, and Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Swiss Railway Employees</atitle><jtitle>American journal of epidemiology</jtitle><addtitle>Am. J. Epidemiol</addtitle><date>2001-05-01</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>153</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>825</spage><epage>835</epage><pages>825-835</pages><issn>0002-9262</issn><eissn>1476-6256</eissn><eissn>0002-9262</eissn><coden>AJEPAS</coden><abstract>Railway engineers provide excellent opportunities for studying the relation between exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and leukemia or brain tumors. In a cohort study of Swiss railway personnel with 2.7 × 105 person-years of follow-up (1972–1993), the authors compared occupations with high average exposures (line engineers: 25.9 μT) to those with medium and low exposures (station masters: 1 μT). The mortality rate ratio for leukemia was 2.4 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0, 6.1) among line engineers (reference category: station masters). The mortality rate ratio for brain tumors was 1.0 (95% CI: 0.2, 4.6) among line engineers and 5.1 (95% CI: 1.2, 21.2) among shunting yard engineers (compared with station masters). Two exposure characteristics were evaluated: cumulative exposure in μT-years and years spent under exposure to magnetic fields of ≥10 μT. There was a significant increase in leukemia mortality of 0.9% (95% CI: 0.2, 1.7) per μT-year of cumulative exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields. The increase by years spent under exposure of ≥10 μT was even stronger: 62% per year (95% CI: 15, 129). Brain cancer risk did not show a dose-response relation. This study contributes to the evidence for a link between heavy exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and leukemia. Its strengths include reliable measurements and reliable historical reconstruction of exposures.</abstract><cop>Cary, NC</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>11323311</pmid><doi>10.1093/aje/153.9.825</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adult Biological and medical sciences brain neoplasms Brain Neoplasms - epidemiology Brain Neoplasms - mortality Causality Chemical, physic and infectious diseases Cohort Studies confidence interval Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation Eighth Revision electromagnetic fields Electromagnetic Fields - adverse effects ELF Endpoint Determination environmental monitoring extremely low frequency Follow-Up Studies Humans ICD-8 International Classification of Diseases leukemia Leukemia - epidemiology Leukemia - mortality Male Medical sciences Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced - epidemiology Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced - mortality occupational exposure Occupational Exposure - adverse effects Occupational Exposure - statistics & numerical data Occupational medicine Odds Ratio Physic and infectious agents Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Railroads - statistics & numerical data Reproducibility of Results Risk Assessment Risk Factors Switzerland - epidemiology Time Factors |
| title | Leukemia, Brain Tumors, and Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields in Swiss Railway Employees |
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