Antecedents of New-Onset Major Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents at High Familial Risk
IMPORTANCE: Early-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) is common in individuals at high familial risk of depression and is associated with poor long-term mental health, social, and educational outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To examine the developmental pathways that lead to first-episode adolescent-onset MD...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | JAMA psychiatry (Chicago, Ill.) Ill.), 2017-02, Vol.74 (2), p.153-160 |
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| creator | Rice, Frances Sellers, Ruth Hammerton, Gemma Eyre, Olga Bevan-Jones, Rhys Thapar, Ajay K Collishaw, Stephan Harold, Gordon T Thapar, Anita |
| description | IMPORTANCE: Early-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) is common in individuals at high familial risk of depression and is associated with poor long-term mental health, social, and educational outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To examine the developmental pathways that lead to first-episode adolescent-onset MDD (incident cases) in those at high familial risk and to postulate a theoretically informed model that enables simultaneous testing of different pathways to incident adolescent-onset MDD composed of contributions from familial/genetic and social risk factors, as well as effects via specific clinical antecedents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This investigation was a 4-year longitudinal study (April 2007 to March 2011) among offspring of depressed parents in the general community. Analyses were conducted between September 1, 2015, and May 27, 2016. Participants were 337 families in whom the index parent (315 mothers and 22 fathers) had experienced at least 2 episodes of MDD (recruited through primary care) and among whom there was a biologically related child in the age range of 9 to 17 years living with the index parent (197 girls and 140 boys with a mean [SD] age of 12.4 [2.0] years) at baseline. Offspring with MDD before the study or at baseline (n = 27), offspring with an episode of MDD that had remitted by follow-up (n = 4), and offspring with missing baseline MDD data (n = 2) were excluded. Ninety-two percent (279 of 304) of families completed the follow-up. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was new-onset offspring MDD, and the secondary outcome was the total DSM-IV MDD symptom score. RESULTS: On average, children and adolescents had a mean (SD) of 1.85 (1.74) (range, 0-8.5) DSM-IV symptoms of MDD at follow-up. Twenty (6 males and 14 females) had new-onset MDD, with a mean (SD) age at onset of 14.4 (2.0) years (range, 10-18 years). Irritability (β = 0.12, P = .03) and fear and/or anxiety (β = 0.38, P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3140 |
| format | Article |
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OBJECTIVES: To examine the developmental pathways that lead to first-episode adolescent-onset MDD (incident cases) in those at high familial risk and to postulate a theoretically informed model that enables simultaneous testing of different pathways to incident adolescent-onset MDD composed of contributions from familial/genetic and social risk factors, as well as effects via specific clinical antecedents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This investigation was a 4-year longitudinal study (April 2007 to March 2011) among offspring of depressed parents in the general community. Analyses were conducted between September 1, 2015, and May 27, 2016. Participants were 337 families in whom the index parent (315 mothers and 22 fathers) had experienced at least 2 episodes of MDD (recruited through primary care) and among whom there was a biologically related child in the age range of 9 to 17 years living with the index parent (197 girls and 140 boys with a mean [SD] age of 12.4 [2.0] years) at baseline. Offspring with MDD before the study or at baseline (n = 27), offspring with an episode of MDD that had remitted by follow-up (n = 4), and offspring with missing baseline MDD data (n = 2) were excluded. Ninety-two percent (279 of 304) of families completed the follow-up. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was new-onset offspring MDD, and the secondary outcome was the total DSM-IV MDD symptom score. RESULTS: On average, children and adolescents had a mean (SD) of 1.85 (1.74) (range, 0-8.5) DSM-IV symptoms of MDD at follow-up. Twenty (6 males and 14 females) had new-onset MDD, with a mean (SD) age at onset of 14.4 (2.0) years (range, 10-18 years). Irritability (β = 0.12, P = .03) and fear and/or anxiety (β = 0.38, P < .001) were significant independent clinical antecedents of new adolescent-onset MDD, but disruptive behavior (β = −0.08, P = .14) and low mood (β = −0.03, P = .65) were not. The results were similar for the DSM-IV symptom count at follow-up. All the measured familial/genetic and social risk indicators directly influenced risk for new-onset MDD rather than indirectly through acting on dimensional clinical antecedents. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: There are multiple pathways to first-onset adolescent depression in individuals at familial risk. Irritability and fear/anxiety may be additional clinical phenomena to be included as targets in primary preventive interventions focusing on the child. In addition to targeting these phenomena in parents and children, depression prevention methods in high-risk groups may need to take into consideration social risks, such as poverty and psychosocial adversity.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2168-622X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2168-6238</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3140</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27926743</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Medical Association</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Child ; Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis ; Depressive Disorder, Major - genetics ; Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics ; Genetics ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Mental depression ; Poverty - psychology ; Prevention ; Prospective Studies ; Psychosocial Deprivation ; Risk ; Teenagers</subject><ispartof>JAMA psychiatry (Chicago, Ill.), 2017-02, Vol.74 (2), p.153-160</ispartof><rights>Copyright American Medical Association Feb 1, 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a412t-6bfd696c5ae42df877ccf78f026c9b1b651ef82a5acb3bd285f2757c36c2289c3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/articlepdf/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3140$$EPDF$$P50$$Gama$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3140$$EHTML$$P50$$Gama$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>64,314,776,780,3326,27903,27904,76235,76238</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27926743$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rice, Frances</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sellers, Ruth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hammerton, Gemma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eyre, Olga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bevan-Jones, Rhys</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thapar, Ajay K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collishaw, Stephan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harold, Gordon T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thapar, Anita</creatorcontrib><title>Antecedents of New-Onset Major Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents at High Familial Risk</title><title>JAMA psychiatry (Chicago, Ill.)</title><addtitle>JAMA Psychiatry</addtitle><description>IMPORTANCE: Early-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) is common in individuals at high familial risk of depression and is associated with poor long-term mental health, social, and educational outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To examine the developmental pathways that lead to first-episode adolescent-onset MDD (incident cases) in those at high familial risk and to postulate a theoretically informed model that enables simultaneous testing of different pathways to incident adolescent-onset MDD composed of contributions from familial/genetic and social risk factors, as well as effects via specific clinical antecedents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This investigation was a 4-year longitudinal study (April 2007 to March 2011) among offspring of depressed parents in the general community. Analyses were conducted between September 1, 2015, and May 27, 2016. Participants were 337 families in whom the index parent (315 mothers and 22 fathers) had experienced at least 2 episodes of MDD (recruited through primary care) and among whom there was a biologically related child in the age range of 9 to 17 years living with the index parent (197 girls and 140 boys with a mean [SD] age of 12.4 [2.0] years) at baseline. Offspring with MDD before the study or at baseline (n = 27), offspring with an episode of MDD that had remitted by follow-up (n = 4), and offspring with missing baseline MDD data (n = 2) were excluded. Ninety-two percent (279 of 304) of families completed the follow-up. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was new-onset offspring MDD, and the secondary outcome was the total DSM-IV MDD symptom score. RESULTS: On average, children and adolescents had a mean (SD) of 1.85 (1.74) (range, 0-8.5) DSM-IV symptoms of MDD at follow-up. Twenty (6 males and 14 females) had new-onset MDD, with a mean (SD) age at onset of 14.4 (2.0) years (range, 10-18 years). Irritability (β = 0.12, P = .03) and fear and/or anxiety (β = 0.38, P < .001) were significant independent clinical antecedents of new adolescent-onset MDD, but disruptive behavior (β = −0.08, P = .14) and low mood (β = −0.03, P = .65) were not. The results were similar for the DSM-IV symptom count at follow-up. All the measured familial/genetic and social risk indicators directly influenced risk for new-onset MDD rather than indirectly through acting on dimensional clinical antecedents. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: There are multiple pathways to first-onset adolescent depression in individuals at familial risk. Irritability and fear/anxiety may be additional clinical phenomena to be included as targets in primary preventive interventions focusing on the child. In addition to targeting these phenomena in parents and children, depression prevention methods in high-risk groups may need to take into consideration social risks, such as poverty and psychosocial adversity.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - genetics</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology</subject><subject>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mental depression</subject><subject>Poverty - psychology</subject><subject>Prevention</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Psychosocial Deprivation</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Teenagers</subject><issn>2168-622X</issn><issn>2168-6238</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkUtrGzEQx0VpiEOSL5BDEfTSyzp6rB57NE7zgDwgNJDbopVGtdx9uNK6wd8-cu2mJHOZgfnNf4b5I4QpmVJC6PnSdGaVNnYRzBg3U0aonHJakk_oiFGpC8m4_vxWs-cJOk1pSXJoQkquD9GEqYpJVfIj5Gb9CBYc9GPCg8f38FI89AlGfGeWQ8QXsIqQUvgD-CKkITqIOPR4vgiti9Bj0zs8c0MLyf6VMCO-Dj8X-NJ0oQ2mxY8h_TpBB960CU73-Rg9XX7_Mb8ubh-ubuaz28KUlI2FbLyTlbTCQMmc10pZ65X2hElbNbSRgoLXzAhjG944poVnSijLpWVMV5Yfo2873VUcfq8hjXUX8l1ta3oY1qmmulRaMyaqjH79gC6HdezzdZmSQnEpK54pvaNsHFKK4OtVDJ2Jm5qSemtG_d6MemtGvTUjj37ZL1g3Hbi3wX-vz8DZDsgK_7tCa8kFfwVtfJJq</recordid><startdate>20170201</startdate><enddate>20170201</enddate><creator>Rice, Frances</creator><creator>Sellers, Ruth</creator><creator>Hammerton, Gemma</creator><creator>Eyre, Olga</creator><creator>Bevan-Jones, Rhys</creator><creator>Thapar, Ajay K</creator><creator>Collishaw, Stephan</creator><creator>Harold, Gordon T</creator><creator>Thapar, Anita</creator><general>American Medical Association</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170201</creationdate><title>Antecedents of New-Onset Major Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents at High Familial Risk</title><author>Rice, Frances ; Sellers, Ruth ; Hammerton, Gemma ; Eyre, Olga ; Bevan-Jones, Rhys ; Thapar, Ajay K ; Collishaw, Stephan ; Harold, Gordon T ; Thapar, Anita</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a412t-6bfd696c5ae42df877ccf78f026c9b1b651ef82a5acb3bd285f2757c36c2289c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder, Major - genetics</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology</topic><topic>Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mental depression</topic><topic>Poverty - psychology</topic><topic>Prevention</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Psychosocial Deprivation</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>Teenagers</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rice, Frances</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sellers, Ruth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hammerton, Gemma</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eyre, Olga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bevan-Jones, Rhys</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thapar, Ajay K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collishaw, Stephan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harold, Gordon T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thapar, Anita</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>JAMA psychiatry (Chicago, Ill.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rice, Frances</au><au>Sellers, Ruth</au><au>Hammerton, Gemma</au><au>Eyre, Olga</au><au>Bevan-Jones, Rhys</au><au>Thapar, Ajay K</au><au>Collishaw, Stephan</au><au>Harold, Gordon T</au><au>Thapar, Anita</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Antecedents of New-Onset Major Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents at High Familial Risk</atitle><jtitle>JAMA psychiatry (Chicago, Ill.)</jtitle><addtitle>JAMA Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2017-02-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>74</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>153</spage><epage>160</epage><pages>153-160</pages><issn>2168-622X</issn><eissn>2168-6238</eissn><abstract>IMPORTANCE: Early-onset major depressive disorder (MDD) is common in individuals at high familial risk of depression and is associated with poor long-term mental health, social, and educational outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To examine the developmental pathways that lead to first-episode adolescent-onset MDD (incident cases) in those at high familial risk and to postulate a theoretically informed model that enables simultaneous testing of different pathways to incident adolescent-onset MDD composed of contributions from familial/genetic and social risk factors, as well as effects via specific clinical antecedents. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This investigation was a 4-year longitudinal study (April 2007 to March 2011) among offspring of depressed parents in the general community. Analyses were conducted between September 1, 2015, and May 27, 2016. Participants were 337 families in whom the index parent (315 mothers and 22 fathers) had experienced at least 2 episodes of MDD (recruited through primary care) and among whom there was a biologically related child in the age range of 9 to 17 years living with the index parent (197 girls and 140 boys with a mean [SD] age of 12.4 [2.0] years) at baseline. Offspring with MDD before the study or at baseline (n = 27), offspring with an episode of MDD that had remitted by follow-up (n = 4), and offspring with missing baseline MDD data (n = 2) were excluded. Ninety-two percent (279 of 304) of families completed the follow-up. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was new-onset offspring MDD, and the secondary outcome was the total DSM-IV MDD symptom score. RESULTS: On average, children and adolescents had a mean (SD) of 1.85 (1.74) (range, 0-8.5) DSM-IV symptoms of MDD at follow-up. Twenty (6 males and 14 females) had new-onset MDD, with a mean (SD) age at onset of 14.4 (2.0) years (range, 10-18 years). Irritability (β = 0.12, P = .03) and fear and/or anxiety (β = 0.38, P < .001) were significant independent clinical antecedents of new adolescent-onset MDD, but disruptive behavior (β = −0.08, P = .14) and low mood (β = −0.03, P = .65) were not. The results were similar for the DSM-IV symptom count at follow-up. All the measured familial/genetic and social risk indicators directly influenced risk for new-onset MDD rather than indirectly through acting on dimensional clinical antecedents. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: There are multiple pathways to first-onset adolescent depression in individuals at familial risk. Irritability and fear/anxiety may be additional clinical phenomena to be included as targets in primary preventive interventions focusing on the child. In addition to targeting these phenomena in parents and children, depression prevention methods in high-risk groups may need to take into consideration social risks, such as poverty and psychosocial adversity.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Medical Association</pub><pmid>27926743</pmid><doi>10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.3140</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Child Depressive Disorder, Major - diagnosis Depressive Disorder, Major - genetics Depressive Disorder, Major - psychology Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease - genetics Genetics Humans Longitudinal Studies Male Mental depression Poverty - psychology Prevention Prospective Studies Psychosocial Deprivation Risk Teenagers |
| title | Antecedents of New-Onset Major Depressive Disorder in Children and Adolescents at High Familial Risk |
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