The Interaction of Education and Cumulative Lead Exposure on the Mini-Mental State Examination
The effect of lead exposure on neurobehavioral performance is modified by age. Whether educational achievement can serve as an effect modifier on the lead-cognitive performance relationship is examined. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the reading section of the Wide Range Achievement Te...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2002-06, Vol.44 (6), p.574-578 |
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| container_title | Journal of occupational and environmental medicine |
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| creator | Bleecker, Margit L. Lindgren, Karen N. Ford, D. Patrick Tiburzi, Michael J. |
| description | The effect of lead exposure on neurobehavioral performance is modified by age. Whether educational achievement can serve as an effect modifier on the lead-cognitive performance relationship is examined. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the reading section of the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised (WRAT-R), a measure of educational achievement, were administered to 256 lead smelter workers. The workers had a mean (standard deviation) age of 41 (7.9) years, education of 10 (2.8) years, employment duration of 17 (8.1) years, current blood lead of 28 (8.8) µg/dL, and working lifetime integrated blood lead index (IBL) of 725 (434) µg-yr/dL. The median (range) MMSE score was 29 (19 to 30). Multiple linear regression assessed the contribution of age, WRAT-R, education, alcohol intake, cigarette use, IBL, and IBL × WRAT-R on MMSE performance. A significant IBL × WRAT-R interaction examined by stratification found a significant dose-effect relationship between IBL and MMSE, but only in the 78 workers with a WRAT-R reading grade level below 6 years. Workers with higher educational achievement compensated for the effect of lead on cognitive performance. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1097/00043764-200206000-00021 |
| format | Article |
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Multiple linear regression assessed the contribution of age, WRAT-R, education, alcohol intake, cigarette use, IBL, and IBL × WRAT-R on MMSE performance. A significant IBL × WRAT-R interaction examined by stratification found a significant dose-effect relationship between IBL and MMSE, but only in the 78 workers with a WRAT-R reading grade level below 6 years. Workers with higher educational achievement compensated for the effect of lead on cognitive performance.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1076-2752</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1536-5948</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1097/00043764-200206000-00021</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12085485</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JOEMFM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</publisher><subject>Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational - adverse effects ; Behavior ; Biological and medical sciences ; Chemical and industrial products toxicology. 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Patrick</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tiburzi, Michael J.</creatorcontrib><title>The Interaction of Education and Cumulative Lead Exposure on the Mini-Mental State Examination</title><title>Journal of occupational and environmental medicine</title><addtitle>J Occup Environ Med</addtitle><description>The effect of lead exposure on neurobehavioral performance is modified by age. Whether educational achievement can serve as an effect modifier on the lead-cognitive performance relationship is examined. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the reading section of the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised (WRAT-R), a measure of educational achievement, were administered to 256 lead smelter workers. The workers had a mean (standard deviation) age of 41 (7.9) years, education of 10 (2.8) years, employment duration of 17 (8.1) years, current blood lead of 28 (8.8) µg/dL, and working lifetime integrated blood lead index (IBL) of 725 (434) µg-yr/dL. The median (range) MMSE score was 29 (19 to 30). Multiple linear regression assessed the contribution of age, WRAT-R, education, alcohol intake, cigarette use, IBL, and IBL × WRAT-R on MMSE performance. A significant IBL × WRAT-R interaction examined by stratification found a significant dose-effect relationship between IBL and MMSE, but only in the 78 workers with a WRAT-R reading grade level below 6 years. Workers with higher educational achievement compensated for the effect of lead on cognitive performance.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Air Pollutants, Occupational - adverse effects</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases</subject><subject>Dose-Response Relationship, Drug</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Educational Status</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Lead</subject><subject>Lead - adverse effects</subject><subject>Lead - blood</subject><subject>Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Adult - diagnosis</subject><subject>Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Adult - etiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Maryland</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mental Status Schedule - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Metals and various inorganic compounds</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Occupational Diseases - diagnosis</subject><subject>Occupational Diseases - etiology</subject><subject>Occupational hazards</subject><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject><subject>Psychometrics</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>1076-2752</issn><issn>1536-5948</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kktv1DAUhS0EoqXwE0AREuwC147tOEs0GkqlqVhQtlh34mtNBicZ7KSFf1_Pg1ZCYmHZ1_7O8eOYsYLDBw5N_REAZFVrWQoAATqXZW6CP2HnXFW6VI00T_MYal2KWokz9iKlLQBXHNRzdsYFGCWNOmc_bjZUXA0TRWynbhyK0RdLN7d4KHBwxWLu55DLWypWhK5Y_t6NaY5U5PUpi6-7oSuvaZgwFN8mnCgT2HfDweEle-YxJHp16i_Y98_Lm8WXcvX18mrxaVW2UmteenAKuAFqkYwzMu_jKr1WQE6ixzVwAuPyrJco8wVrAvS-MST8moOW1QV7f_TdxfHXTGmyfZdaCgEHGudkuZG15Jpn8O0_4Hac45DPZgUX2uiq2buZI9TGMaVI3u5i12P8YznYfQD2bwD2IQB7CCBL35z853VP7lF4evEMvDsBmFoMPuLQdumRq2rRVGZ_Bnnk7saQ00k_w3xH0W4Iw7Sx__sAWfb6KNumaYwPtlI2jeZKVfdA1KbC</recordid><startdate>200206</startdate><enddate>200206</enddate><creator>Bleecker, Margit L.</creator><creator>Lindgren, Karen N.</creator><creator>Ford, D. 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Patrick ; Tiburzi, Michael J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4661-f0d50180ecae8d84eadd36b50ed4afab01e08deadf4a45367e0aff98e2fb10643</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Air Pollutants, Occupational - adverse effects</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chemical and industrial products toxicology. 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Patrick</au><au>Tiburzi, Michael J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Interaction of Education and Cumulative Lead Exposure on the Mini-Mental State Examination</atitle><jtitle>Journal of occupational and environmental medicine</jtitle><addtitle>J Occup Environ Med</addtitle><date>2002-06</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>44</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>574</spage><epage>578</epage><pages>574-578</pages><issn>1076-2752</issn><eissn>1536-5948</eissn><coden>JOEMFM</coden><abstract>The effect of lead exposure on neurobehavioral performance is modified by age. Whether educational achievement can serve as an effect modifier on the lead-cognitive performance relationship is examined. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the reading section of the Wide Range Achievement Test-Revised (WRAT-R), a measure of educational achievement, were administered to 256 lead smelter workers. The workers had a mean (standard deviation) age of 41 (7.9) years, education of 10 (2.8) years, employment duration of 17 (8.1) years, current blood lead of 28 (8.8) µg/dL, and working lifetime integrated blood lead index (IBL) of 725 (434) µg-yr/dL. The median (range) MMSE score was 29 (19 to 30). Multiple linear regression assessed the contribution of age, WRAT-R, education, alcohol intake, cigarette use, IBL, and IBL × WRAT-R on MMSE performance. A significant IBL × WRAT-R interaction examined by stratification found a significant dose-effect relationship between IBL and MMSE, but only in the 78 workers with a WRAT-R reading grade level below 6 years. Workers with higher educational achievement compensated for the effect of lead on cognitive performance.</abstract><cop>Hagerstown, MD</cop><pub>Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</pub><pmid>12085485</pmid><doi>10.1097/00043764-200206000-00021</doi><tpages>5</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 2002-06, Vol.44 (6), p.574-578 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Journals@Ovid Complete; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing |
| subjects | Adult Air Pollutants, Occupational - adverse effects Behavior Biological and medical sciences Chemical and industrial products toxicology. Toxic occupational diseases Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Education Educational Status Female Humans Lead Lead - adverse effects Lead - blood Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Adult - diagnosis Lead Poisoning, Nervous System, Adult - etiology Male Maryland Medical sciences Mental Status Schedule - statistics & numerical data Metals and various inorganic compounds Middle Aged Occupational Diseases - diagnosis Occupational Diseases - etiology Occupational hazards ORIGINAL ARTICLES Psychometrics Reproducibility of Results Studies Toxicology |
| title | The Interaction of Education and Cumulative Lead Exposure on the Mini-Mental State Examination |
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