Colony development and serial polygyny in the primitively eusocial wasp Belonogaster juncea juncea (Vespidae: Polistinae)

In Cameroon, the social ropalidiine wasp Belonogaster juncea juncea mostly selects human constructions for nesting, but nests installed in the shelter of large boulders were also noted. Nests were founded throughout the year by one female (25.5%) or by associations of two to eight females. Among the 49 colonies studied from foundation, 24 produced at least one adult, and only 5 produced males among the eight that succeeded in producing sexual individuals. After the first dominant female disappeared (died or abandoned the nest, from 77 to 196 days after foundation) the remaining females fought among themselves, leading to a drastic decrease in the total number of brood. They completely abandoned 22 of 24 surviving nests, over a mean colony cycle lasting about 7 months. Hence the colony and nesting cycles were congruent, illustrating that determinate nesting corresponds to the majority of the cases in this species. In the other two nests, some females remained on the nest and began a new colonial cycle illustrating semi-independence between colony and nesting cycles. Up to four successive cycles were completed in this way in the same nest, thus illustrating the phenomenon of serial polygyny (intermediate between determinate and indeterminate nesting cycles). Serial polygyny in independent founding polistine wasps, previously documented only once, has implications for studies attempting to identify factors involved in regulating the colony and nesting cycles in tropical social wasps.[PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]