Effects of different dietary approaches on inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract Objective Chronic low-grade inflammation has been associated with insulin resistance, diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). A proinflammatory environment contributes to several metabolic disturbances and possibly the development of MetS. Dietary approaches have...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2016-03, Vol.32 (3), p.338-348 |
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description | Abstract Objective Chronic low-grade inflammation has been associated with insulin resistance, diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). A proinflammatory environment contributes to several metabolic disturbances and possibly the development of MetS. Dietary approaches have defined impact on immune function and putative antiinflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different dietary approaches on markers of inflammation in patients with MetS. Further effects on weight loss and fasting insulin were analyzed. Methods Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were screened in September 2014 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on different dietary approaches for participants with MetS as defined by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Primary outcomes were markers of the immune system. Secondary outcome was body weight and fasting insulin. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Results Thirteen randomized controlled trials with a total of 2017 patients were included. Low-fat diets (29 ± 2% energy from fats) decreased C-reactive protein compared with control diets (SMD: −0.98; 95% CI: −1.6 to −0.35; P = 0.002). Low-carbohydrate diets (23 ± 10% energy from carbohydrates; SMD: −0.33; 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.03; P = 0.004) and multimodal interventions (SMD: −1.02; 95% CI: −1.97 to −0.07; P = 0.04) were able to induce significant weight loss. Low-carbohydrate diets were able to decrease insulin (SMD: −0.33; 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.03; P = 0.03). Conclusions C-reactive protein; however, this effect is also dependent on weight loss. Furthermore, low-carbohydrate diets have beneficial effects on insulin and body weight. Dietary approaches should mainly be tried to reduce macronutrients and enrich functional food components such as vitamins, flavonoids, and unsaturated fatty acids. People with MetS will benefit most by combining weight loss and anti-inflammatory nutrients. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.nut.2015.09.010 |
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A proinflammatory environment contributes to several metabolic disturbances and possibly the development of MetS. Dietary approaches have defined impact on immune function and putative antiinflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different dietary approaches on markers of inflammation in patients with MetS. Further effects on weight loss and fasting insulin were analyzed. Methods Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were screened in September 2014 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on different dietary approaches for participants with MetS as defined by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Primary outcomes were markers of the immune system. Secondary outcome was body weight and fasting insulin. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Results Thirteen randomized controlled trials with a total of 2017 patients were included. Low-fat diets (29 ± 2% energy from fats) decreased C-reactive protein compared with control diets (SMD: −0.98; 95% CI: −1.6 to −0.35; P = 0.002). Low-carbohydrate diets (23 ± 10% energy from carbohydrates; SMD: −0.33; 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.03; P = 0.004) and multimodal interventions (SMD: −1.02; 95% CI: −1.97 to −0.07; P = 0.04) were able to induce significant weight loss. Low-carbohydrate diets were able to decrease insulin (SMD: −0.33; 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.03; P = 0.03). Conclusions C-reactive protein; however, this effect is also dependent on weight loss. Furthermore, low-carbohydrate diets have beneficial effects on insulin and body weight. Dietary approaches should mainly be tried to reduce macronutrients and enrich functional food components such as vitamins, flavonoids, and unsaturated fatty acids. People with MetS will benefit most by combining weight loss and anti-inflammatory nutrients.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0899-9007</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-1244</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2015.09.010</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26706026</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Inc</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Biomarkers - blood ; Body Weight ; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism ; Carbohydrates ; Cholesterol ; Databases, Factual ; Diet ; Diet - methods ; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted ; Diet, Fat-Restricted ; Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage ; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage ; Diets ; Fatty Acids - administration & dosage ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - administration & dosage ; Flavonoids ; Flavonoids - administration & dosage ; Functional foods & nutraceuticals ; Gastroenterology and Hepatology ; Humans ; Immune response ; Immune system ; Inflammation ; Insulin ; Insulin - blood ; Insulin resistance ; Meta-analysis ; Metabolic disorders ; Metabolic syndrome ; Metabolic Syndrome - blood ; Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy ; Micronutrients - administration & dosage ; NCEP ATP III ; Nutrients ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Studies ; Systematic review ; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF ; Vitamins]]></subject><ispartof>Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.), 2016-03, Vol.32 (3), p.338-348</ispartof><rights>Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>2016 Elsevier Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Limited Mar 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c539t-ce22baa0e1c9dddf28eaf9e397c841debbdedfd76b213310edb5a96fea186aee3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c539t-ce22baa0e1c9dddf28eaf9e397c841debbdedfd76b213310edb5a96fea186aee3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/1763066575?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>315,781,785,3551,27926,27927,45997,64387,64389,64391,72471</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26706026$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Steckhan, Nico, M.Sc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hohmann, Christoph-Daniel, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kessler, Christian, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dobos, Gustav, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Michalsen, Andreas, M.D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cramer, Holger, Ph.D</creatorcontrib><title>Effects of different dietary approaches on inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis</title><title>Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)</title><addtitle>Nutrition</addtitle><description>Abstract Objective Chronic low-grade inflammation has been associated with insulin resistance, diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). A proinflammatory environment contributes to several metabolic disturbances and possibly the development of MetS. Dietary approaches have defined impact on immune function and putative antiinflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different dietary approaches on markers of inflammation in patients with MetS. Further effects on weight loss and fasting insulin were analyzed. Methods Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were screened in September 2014 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on different dietary approaches for participants with MetS as defined by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Primary outcomes were markers of the immune system. Secondary outcome was body weight and fasting insulin. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Results Thirteen randomized controlled trials with a total of 2017 patients were included. Low-fat diets (29 ± 2% energy from fats) decreased C-reactive protein compared with control diets (SMD: −0.98; 95% CI: −1.6 to −0.35; P = 0.002). Low-carbohydrate diets (23 ± 10% energy from carbohydrates; SMD: −0.33; 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.03; P = 0.004) and multimodal interventions (SMD: −1.02; 95% CI: −1.97 to −0.07; P = 0.04) were able to induce significant weight loss. Low-carbohydrate diets were able to decrease insulin (SMD: −0.33; 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.03; P = 0.03). Conclusions C-reactive protein; however, this effect is also dependent on weight loss. Furthermore, low-carbohydrate diets have beneficial effects on insulin and body weight. Dietary approaches should mainly be tried to reduce macronutrients and enrich functional food components such as vitamins, flavonoids, and unsaturated fatty acids. People with MetS will benefit most by combining weight loss and anti-inflammatory nutrients.</description><subject>Biomarkers - blood</subject><subject>Body Weight</subject><subject>C-Reactive Protein - metabolism</subject><subject>Carbohydrates</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Databases, Factual</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Diet - methods</subject><subject>Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted</subject><subject>Diet, Fat-Restricted</subject><subject>Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Dietary Fats - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Diets</subject><subject>Fatty Acids - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Flavonoids</subject><subject>Flavonoids - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Functional foods & nutraceuticals</subject><subject>Gastroenterology and Hepatology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immune response</subject><subject>Immune system</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Insulin - blood</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Meta-analysis</subject><subject>Metabolic disorders</subject><subject>Metabolic syndrome</subject><subject>Metabolic Syndrome - blood</subject><subject>Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy</subject><subject>Micronutrients - administration & dosage</subject><subject>NCEP ATP III</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</subject><subject>Vitamins</subject><issn>0899-9007</issn><issn>1873-1244</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFks1u1TAQhS0EopfCA7BBkdiwSRg7iRODhFRV5UeqxAJYW449Vn2bn4udUOUVeGomvQWkLmDlkec7I805w9hzDgUHLl_vi3GZCwG8LkAVwOEB2_G2KXMuquoh20GrVK4AmhP2JKU9AHAl1WN2ImQDEoTcsZ8X3qOdUzb5zAWqI44zVTibuGbmcIiTsVdI_TELo-_NMJh5otZg4jXGRJ_ZwcyBVCm7CfNVNpC0m_pgs7SOLk4DvsnOqE4zkpS-I_4IeJOZ0d2yuRlNv6aQnrJH3vQJn929p-zb-4uv5x_zy88fPp2fXea2LtWcWxSiMwaQW-Wc86JF4xWWqrFtxR12nUPnXSM7wcuSA7quNkp6NLyVBrE8Za-Oc2m37wumWQ8hWex7M-K0JM3bStS8Bqj_jzZSKNkKuaEv76H7aYm02i1VgpR1s1H8SNk4pRTR60MMZOWqOegtU73XlKneMtWgNGVKmhd3k5duQPdH8TtEAt4eASTXyNuok6VALLoQKVvtpvDP8e_uqW0fxmBNf40rpr9b6CQ06C_bUW03tTlUgajLX14_ypI</recordid><startdate>20160301</startdate><enddate>20160301</enddate><creator>Steckhan, Nico, M.Sc</creator><creator>Hohmann, Christoph-Daniel, M.D</creator><creator>Kessler, Christian, M.D</creator><creator>Dobos, Gustav, M.D</creator><creator>Michalsen, Andreas, M.D</creator><creator>Cramer, Holger, Ph.D</creator><general>Elsevier Inc</general><general>Elsevier Limited</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RQ</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160301</creationdate><title>Effects of different dietary approaches on inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis</title><author>Steckhan, Nico, M.Sc ; Hohmann, Christoph-Daniel, M.D ; Kessler, Christian, M.D ; Dobos, Gustav, M.D ; Michalsen, Andreas, M.D ; Cramer, Holger, Ph.D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c539t-ce22baa0e1c9dddf28eaf9e397c841debbdedfd76b213310edb5a96fea186aee3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Biomarkers - blood</topic><topic>Body Weight</topic><topic>C-Reactive Protein - metabolism</topic><topic>Carbohydrates</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Databases, Factual</topic><topic>Diet</topic><topic>Diet - methods</topic><topic>Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted</topic><topic>Diet, Fat-Restricted</topic><topic>Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Dietary Fats - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Diets</topic><topic>Fatty Acids - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Flavonoids</topic><topic>Flavonoids - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Functional foods & nutraceuticals</topic><topic>Gastroenterology and Hepatology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immune response</topic><topic>Immune system</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Insulin - blood</topic><topic>Insulin resistance</topic><topic>Meta-analysis</topic><topic>Metabolic disorders</topic><topic>Metabolic syndrome</topic><topic>Metabolic Syndrome - 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Academic</collection><jtitle>Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Steckhan, Nico, M.Sc</au><au>Hohmann, Christoph-Daniel, M.D</au><au>Kessler, Christian, M.D</au><au>Dobos, Gustav, M.D</au><au>Michalsen, Andreas, M.D</au><au>Cramer, Holger, Ph.D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effects of different dietary approaches on inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis</atitle><jtitle>Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)</jtitle><addtitle>Nutrition</addtitle><date>2016-03-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>32</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>338</spage><epage>348</epage><pages>338-348</pages><issn>0899-9007</issn><eissn>1873-1244</eissn><abstract>Abstract Objective Chronic low-grade inflammation has been associated with insulin resistance, diabetes, atherosclerosis, obesity, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). A proinflammatory environment contributes to several metabolic disturbances and possibly the development of MetS. Dietary approaches have defined impact on immune function and putative antiinflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of different dietary approaches on markers of inflammation in patients with MetS. Further effects on weight loss and fasting insulin were analyzed. Methods Medline/PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were screened in September 2014 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on different dietary approaches for participants with MetS as defined by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Primary outcomes were markers of the immune system. Secondary outcome was body weight and fasting insulin. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Results Thirteen randomized controlled trials with a total of 2017 patients were included. Low-fat diets (29 ± 2% energy from fats) decreased C-reactive protein compared with control diets (SMD: −0.98; 95% CI: −1.6 to −0.35; P = 0.002). Low-carbohydrate diets (23 ± 10% energy from carbohydrates; SMD: −0.33; 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.03; P = 0.004) and multimodal interventions (SMD: −1.02; 95% CI: −1.97 to −0.07; P = 0.04) were able to induce significant weight loss. Low-carbohydrate diets were able to decrease insulin (SMD: −0.33; 95% CI: −0.63 to −0.03; P = 0.03). Conclusions C-reactive protein; however, this effect is also dependent on weight loss. Furthermore, low-carbohydrate diets have beneficial effects on insulin and body weight. Dietary approaches should mainly be tried to reduce macronutrients and enrich functional food components such as vitamins, flavonoids, and unsaturated fatty acids. People with MetS will benefit most by combining weight loss and anti-inflammatory nutrients.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Elsevier Inc</pub><pmid>26706026</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.nut.2015.09.010</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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subjects | Biomarkers - blood Body Weight C-Reactive Protein - metabolism Carbohydrates Cholesterol Databases, Factual Diet Diet - methods Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted Diet, Fat-Restricted Dietary Carbohydrates - administration & dosage Dietary Fats - administration & dosage Diets Fatty Acids - administration & dosage Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - administration & dosage Flavonoids Flavonoids - administration & dosage Functional foods & nutraceuticals Gastroenterology and Hepatology Humans Immune response Immune system Inflammation Insulin Insulin - blood Insulin resistance Meta-analysis Metabolic disorders Metabolic syndrome Metabolic Syndrome - blood Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy Micronutrients - administration & dosage NCEP ATP III Nutrients Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic Studies Systematic review Tumor necrosis factor-TNF Vitamins |
title | Effects of different dietary approaches on inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis |
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