Differences in Health Care Use and Costs Among Patients With Cancer Receiving Intravenous Chemotherapy in Physician Offices Versus in Hospital Outpatient Settings

The current shift in site of care from community oncology practices to the hospital outpatient department to deliver oncology services may have significant implications for the economic and clinical outcomes of cancer care. Therefore, this study compares health care use and costs among patients with cancer receiving intravenous (IV) chemotherapy in physician offices (PO) versus in hospital outpatient settings (HOP). This retrospective study, which was based on medical and pharmacy claims data, included patients (age, 18 to 64 years) initiating IV chemotherapy/biologic treatment between January 1, 2006, and August 31, 2012, who were diagnosed with early or metastatic breast cancer, metastatic lung cancer, metastatic colorectal cancer, or non-Hodgkin lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Patients were assigned to PO or HOP groups on the basis of where they received > 95% of their IV cancer therapy. The study sample included 18,740 patients (12,899 PO; 5,841 HOP) who had a mean age of 51.6 years and a Deyo-Charlson Comorbidity Index score of 5.37. Overall office visits (21.8 ± 13.8 PO v 21.2 ± 12.9, P < .005) and outpatient services (50.8 ± 35.5 PO v 48.5 ± 33.6, P < .001) were higher in the PO group than in the HOP group. Cancer-related inpatient hospitalizations (0.6 ± 1.2 PO v 0.7 ± 1.4 HOP, P = .002) were lower in the PO group than in the HOP group. Although quality-of-care metrics were similar between the HOP and PO groups, follow-up all-cause costs ($82,773 PO v $122,473 HOP) and cancer-related health care costs ($69,037 PO v $108,177 HOP) were higher in the HOP group than in the PO group. Despite similar resource use, all-cause and cancer-related health care costs in HOP were significantly higher compared with those in PO settings.