Saccharolytic activity and its role as a limiting step in methane formation during the anaerobic degradation of rice straw in rice paddy soil
Rice straw polysaccharides are one of the major C sources for CH sub(4) formation in anoxic rice paddy soils. We investigated the initial step of straw degradation by measuring the substrate-saturated activities of the polysaccharolytic enzymes beta -glucosidase, exo- beta -1,4-glucanase and xylosid...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Biology and fertility of soils 2002-02, Vol.35 (1), p.62-67 |
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| creator | GLISSMANN, Kristin CONRAD, Ralf |
| description | Rice straw polysaccharides are one of the major C sources for CH sub(4) formation in anoxic rice paddy soils. We investigated the initial step of straw degradation by measuring the substrate-saturated activities of the polysaccharolytic enzymes beta -glucosidase, exo- beta -1,4-glucanase and xylosidase using substrates labelled with methylumbelliferone (MUF). The actual activity of the enzymes was measured by the release of reducing sugars after the inhibition of microbial carbohydrate uptake by toluene. The substrate-saturated enzyme activities increased during the first 11 days of incubation, while the actual activities decreased, presumably due to the decreasing access of straw polysaccharides to hydrolytic enzymes. The temporal progress of polysaccharide hydrolysis, transient accumulation of fermentation products and CH sub(4) production indicated five distinct phases. In phase I ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00374-002-0442-z |
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We investigated the initial step of straw degradation by measuring the substrate-saturated activities of the polysaccharolytic enzymes beta -glucosidase, exo- beta -1,4-glucanase and xylosidase using substrates labelled with methylumbelliferone (MUF). The actual activity of the enzymes was measured by the release of reducing sugars after the inhibition of microbial carbohydrate uptake by toluene. The substrate-saturated enzyme activities increased during the first 11 days of incubation, while the actual activities decreased, presumably due to the decreasing access of straw polysaccharides to hydrolytic enzymes. The temporal progress of polysaccharide hydrolysis, transient accumulation of fermentation products and CH sub(4) production indicated five distinct phases. In phase I (<8 h), the fermentation of sugar monomers released by hydrolysis of polysaccharides was limiting. In phase II (<day 3), sugars were fermented but the methanogenic precursors H sub(2) and acetate accumulated since the activity of methanogens was low, though increasing exponentially. In phase III (days 3-10), H sub(2) was also consumed by respiratory processes (e.g. SO sub(4) super(2-) reduction) so that H sub(2)-dependent methanogenesis sometimes became substrate limited. However, acetate still accumulated, probably due to the limiting activity of acetoclastic methanogens. In phase IV (days 10-18), methanogenic activity was no longer limited and acetate was depleted to low concentrations. In phase V (>day 18), the methanogenic degradation of straw reached a quasi-steady state, when polysaccharide hydrolysis became the rate-limiting step for CH sub(4) formation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0178-2762</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-0789</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00374-002-0442-z</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BFSOEE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin: Springer</publisher><subject>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Chemical, physicochemical, biochemical and biological properties ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; General agronomy. Plant production ; Microbial ecology ; Organic matter ; Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries ; Physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology of agricultural and forest soils ; Soil ; Soil science ; Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. 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We investigated the initial step of straw degradation by measuring the substrate-saturated activities of the polysaccharolytic enzymes beta -glucosidase, exo- beta -1,4-glucanase and xylosidase using substrates labelled with methylumbelliferone (MUF). The actual activity of the enzymes was measured by the release of reducing sugars after the inhibition of microbial carbohydrate uptake by toluene. The substrate-saturated enzyme activities increased during the first 11 days of incubation, while the actual activities decreased, presumably due to the decreasing access of straw polysaccharides to hydrolytic enzymes. The temporal progress of polysaccharide hydrolysis, transient accumulation of fermentation products and CH sub(4) production indicated five distinct phases. In phase I (<8 h), the fermentation of sugar monomers released by hydrolysis of polysaccharides was limiting. In phase II (<day 3), sugars were fermented but the methanogenic precursors H sub(2) and acetate accumulated since the activity of methanogens was low, though increasing exponentially. In phase III (days 3-10), H sub(2) was also consumed by respiratory processes (e.g. SO sub(4) super(2-) reduction) so that H sub(2)-dependent methanogenesis sometimes became substrate limited. However, acetate still accumulated, probably due to the limiting activity of acetoclastic methanogens. In phase IV (days 10-18), methanogenic activity was no longer limited and acetate was depleted to low concentrations. In phase V (>day 18), the methanogenic degradation of straw reached a quasi-steady state, when polysaccharide hydrolysis became the rate-limiting step for CH sub(4) formation.</description><subject>Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Chemical, physicochemical, biochemical and biological properties</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>General agronomy. Plant production</subject><subject>Microbial ecology</subject><subject>Organic matter</subject><subject>Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries</subject><subject>Physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology of agricultural and forest soils</subject><subject>Soil</subject><subject>Soil science</subject><subject>Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. 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Soil science and plant productions</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Chemical, physicochemical, biochemical and biological properties</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>General agronomy. Plant production</topic><topic>Microbial ecology</topic><topic>Organic matter</topic><topic>Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries</topic><topic>Physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology of agricultural and forest soils</topic><topic>Soil</topic><topic>Soil science</topic><topic>Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>GLISSMANN, Kristin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>CONRAD, Ralf</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Biology and fertility of soils</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>GLISSMANN, Kristin</au><au>CONRAD, Ralf</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Saccharolytic activity and its role as a limiting step in methane formation during the anaerobic degradation of rice straw in rice paddy soil</atitle><jtitle>Biology and fertility of soils</jtitle><date>2002-02-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>35</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>62</spage><epage>67</epage><pages>62-67</pages><issn>0178-2762</issn><eissn>1432-0789</eissn><coden>BFSOEE</coden><abstract>Rice straw polysaccharides are one of the major C sources for CH sub(4) formation in anoxic rice paddy soils. We investigated the initial step of straw degradation by measuring the substrate-saturated activities of the polysaccharolytic enzymes beta -glucosidase, exo- beta -1,4-glucanase and xylosidase using substrates labelled with methylumbelliferone (MUF). The actual activity of the enzymes was measured by the release of reducing sugars after the inhibition of microbial carbohydrate uptake by toluene. The substrate-saturated enzyme activities increased during the first 11 days of incubation, while the actual activities decreased, presumably due to the decreasing access of straw polysaccharides to hydrolytic enzymes. The temporal progress of polysaccharide hydrolysis, transient accumulation of fermentation products and CH sub(4) production indicated five distinct phases. In phase I (<8 h), the fermentation of sugar monomers released by hydrolysis of polysaccharides was limiting. In phase II (<day 3), sugars were fermented but the methanogenic precursors H sub(2) and acetate accumulated since the activity of methanogens was low, though increasing exponentially. In phase III (days 3-10), H sub(2) was also consumed by respiratory processes (e.g. SO sub(4) super(2-) reduction) so that H sub(2)-dependent methanogenesis sometimes became substrate limited. However, acetate still accumulated, probably due to the limiting activity of acetoclastic methanogens. In phase IV (days 10-18), methanogenic activity was no longer limited and acetate was depleted to low concentrations. In phase V (>day 18), the methanogenic degradation of straw reached a quasi-steady state, when polysaccharide hydrolysis became the rate-limiting step for CH sub(4) formation.</abstract><cop>Berlin</cop><pub>Springer</pub><doi>10.1007/s00374-002-0442-z</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Animal, plant and microbial ecology Biological and medical sciences Chemical, physicochemical, biochemical and biological properties Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General agronomy. Plant production Microbial ecology Organic matter Other nutrients. Amendments. Solid and liquid wastes. Sludges and slurries Physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology of agricultural and forest soils Soil Soil science Soil-plant relationships. Soil fertility. Fertilization. Amendments |
| title | Saccharolytic activity and its role as a limiting step in methane formation during the anaerobic degradation of rice straw in rice paddy soil |
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