Maternal Traits and Reproductive Effort in Northern Elephant Seals
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of maternal traits on reproductive expenditure and energy delivery to the offspring in a capital breeder, the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris). Changes in maternal and offspring energy reserves and milk-energy delivery were examined...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Ecology (Durham) 2001-12, Vol.82 (12), p.3541-3555 |
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| creator | Crocker, Daniel E. Williams, Jeannine D. Costa, Daniel P. Le Boeuf, Burney J. |
| description | The aim of this study was to determine the effects of maternal traits on reproductive expenditure and energy delivery to the offspring in a capital breeder, the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris). Changes in maternal and offspring energy reserves and milk-energy delivery were examined in relation to maternal parturition mass, body composition, and age in females and pups breeding at Año Nuevo State Reserve, California. Maternal body mass and composition had significant effects on maternal energy expenditure over lactation. Path analysis suggested no significant effects of maternal age on reproductive effort of parous females. The efficiency of milk production increased significantly with maternal age. Offspring metabolism was a relatively small component of maternal energy expenditure, with pups storing 84% of the energy obtained from milk. These effects are an important consequence of the phocid strategy for enabling terrestrial parturition despite marine feeding. This strategy has resulted in an abbreviated and highly efficient lactation system that is strongly impacted by body reserves, linking foraging success at sea with reproductive success on land. Maternal size, body composition, and age were important features of reproduction in northern elephant seals. These characteristics are rarely considered concurrently in life history studies. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[3541:MTAREI]2.0.CO;2 |
| format | Article |
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Changes in maternal and offspring energy reserves and milk-energy delivery were examined in relation to maternal parturition mass, body composition, and age in females and pups breeding at Año Nuevo State Reserve, California. Maternal body mass and composition had significant effects on maternal energy expenditure over lactation. Path analysis suggested no significant effects of maternal age on reproductive effort of parous females. The efficiency of milk production increased significantly with maternal age. Offspring metabolism was a relatively small component of maternal energy expenditure, with pups storing 84% of the energy obtained from milk. These effects are an important consequence of the phocid strategy for enabling terrestrial parturition despite marine feeding. This strategy has resulted in an abbreviated and highly efficient lactation system that is strongly impacted by body reserves, linking foraging success at sea with reproductive success on land. Maternal size, body composition, and age were important features of reproduction in northern elephant seals. These characteristics are rarely considered concurrently in life history studies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-9658</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-9170</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1890/0012-9658(2001)082[3541:MTAREI]2.0.CO;2</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ECGYAQ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Ecological Society of America</publisher><subject>Animal and plant ecology ; Animal reproduction ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; Autoecology ; Average linear density ; Año Nuevo State Reserve, California ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body composition ; Elephants ; fasting ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Lactation ; lactation energetics ; Mammalia ; Marine ; Marine mammals ; Maternal age ; maternal traits ; Metabolism ; Mirounga angustirostris ; northern elephant seal ; Parturition ; physiological constraints ; Pups ; reproductive effort ; Seals ; Sexes ; Vertebrata ; Weaning</subject><ispartof>Ecology (Durham), 2001-12, Vol.82 (12), p.3541-3555</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2001 Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>2001 by the Ecological Society of America</rights><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Ecological Society of America Dec 2001</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5271-93df662b9cec8b1ccacfc4cd186910d6835c167cef3b73924fc2b87869348f3e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5271-93df662b9cec8b1ccacfc4cd186910d6835c167cef3b73924fc2b87869348f3e3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2680171$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2680171$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,799,1411,27901,27902,45550,45551,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=13384870$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Crocker, Daniel E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, Jeannine D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Costa, Daniel P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le Boeuf, Burney J.</creatorcontrib><title>Maternal Traits and Reproductive Effort in Northern Elephant Seals</title><title>Ecology (Durham)</title><description>The aim of this study was to determine the effects of maternal traits on reproductive expenditure and energy delivery to the offspring in a capital breeder, the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris). Changes in maternal and offspring energy reserves and milk-energy delivery were examined in relation to maternal parturition mass, body composition, and age in females and pups breeding at Año Nuevo State Reserve, California. Maternal body mass and composition had significant effects on maternal energy expenditure over lactation. Path analysis suggested no significant effects of maternal age on reproductive effort of parous females. The efficiency of milk production increased significantly with maternal age. Offspring metabolism was a relatively small component of maternal energy expenditure, with pups storing 84% of the energy obtained from milk. These effects are an important consequence of the phocid strategy for enabling terrestrial parturition despite marine feeding. This strategy has resulted in an abbreviated and highly efficient lactation system that is strongly impacted by body reserves, linking foraging success at sea with reproductive success on land. Maternal size, body composition, and age were important features of reproduction in northern elephant seals. These characteristics are rarely considered concurrently in life history studies.</description><subject>Animal and plant ecology</subject><subject>Animal reproduction</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Autoecology</subject><subject>Average linear density</subject><subject>Año Nuevo State Reserve, California</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Body composition</subject><subject>Elephants</subject><subject>fasting</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Lactation</subject><subject>lactation energetics</subject><subject>Mammalia</subject><subject>Marine</subject><subject>Marine mammals</subject><subject>Maternal age</subject><subject>maternal traits</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Mirounga angustirostris</subject><subject>northern elephant seal</subject><subject>Parturition</subject><subject>physiological constraints</subject><subject>Pups</subject><subject>reproductive effort</subject><subject>Seals</subject><subject>Sexes</subject><subject>Vertebrata</subject><subject>Weaning</subject><issn>0012-9658</issn><issn>1939-9170</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqdkMFO3DAQhq2qSN1C3yGqoKKHLB47ie1yolEKSNCV6HJAqBp5HVtkFZLFzoJ4-zoKgqrH-jKW5vM_44-QI6BzkIoeUQosVUUuD1m8fqWS3fI8g2-Xy5Or6vw3m9N5uThm78gMFFepAkHfk9nrqw_kYwhrGg9kcka-X-rB-k63ydLrZgiJ7urkym58X2_N0DzapHKu90PSdMnPWO8inFSt3dzpbkh-Wd2GPbLjYrGfXuouuf5RLcuz9GJxel6eXKQmZwJSxWtXFGyljDVyBcZo40xmapCFAloXkucGCmGs4yvBFcucYSspYpdn0nHLd8mXKTcu97C1YcD7Jhjbtrqz_TYgSC44k1kEP_8Drvvt-MeADBSFPJMQodMJMr4PwVuHG9_ca_-MQHEUjaMyHJXhKBqjaBxF4yQaGVIsF8hi0sHLOB2Mbp3XnWnCWxznMpOCRm45cU9Na5__dxxW5c0ISAZs7MfY_Sl2HYbe_x3LOBXICklBAP8DK9WjYg</recordid><startdate>200112</startdate><enddate>200112</enddate><creator>Crocker, Daniel E.</creator><creator>Williams, Jeannine D.</creator><creator>Costa, Daniel P.</creator><creator>Le Boeuf, Burney J.</creator><general>Ecological Society of America</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7TN</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>H95</scope><scope>L.G</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200112</creationdate><title>Maternal Traits and Reproductive Effort in Northern Elephant Seals</title><author>Crocker, Daniel E. ; Williams, Jeannine D. ; Costa, Daniel P. ; Le Boeuf, Burney J.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5271-93df662b9cec8b1ccacfc4cd186910d6835c167cef3b73924fc2b87869348f3e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Animal and plant ecology</topic><topic>Animal reproduction</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Autoecology</topic><topic>Average linear density</topic><topic>Año Nuevo State Reserve, California</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Body composition</topic><topic>Elephants</topic><topic>fasting</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Lactation</topic><topic>lactation energetics</topic><topic>Mammalia</topic><topic>Marine</topic><topic>Marine mammals</topic><topic>Maternal age</topic><topic>maternal traits</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Mirounga angustirostris</topic><topic>northern elephant seal</topic><topic>Parturition</topic><topic>physiological constraints</topic><topic>Pups</topic><topic>reproductive effort</topic><topic>Seals</topic><topic>Sexes</topic><topic>Vertebrata</topic><topic>Weaning</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Crocker, Daniel E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, Jeannine D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Costa, Daniel P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Le Boeuf, Burney J.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Oceanic Abstracts</collection><collection>ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) 1: Biological Sciences & Living Resources</collection><collection>Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) Professional</collection><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Crocker, Daniel E.</au><au>Williams, Jeannine D.</au><au>Costa, Daniel P.</au><au>Le Boeuf, Burney J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Maternal Traits and Reproductive Effort in Northern Elephant Seals</atitle><jtitle>Ecology (Durham)</jtitle><date>2001-12</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>82</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>3541</spage><epage>3555</epage><pages>3541-3555</pages><issn>0012-9658</issn><eissn>1939-9170</eissn><coden>ECGYAQ</coden><abstract>The aim of this study was to determine the effects of maternal traits on reproductive expenditure and energy delivery to the offspring in a capital breeder, the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris). Changes in maternal and offspring energy reserves and milk-energy delivery were examined in relation to maternal parturition mass, body composition, and age in females and pups breeding at Año Nuevo State Reserve, California. Maternal body mass and composition had significant effects on maternal energy expenditure over lactation. Path analysis suggested no significant effects of maternal age on reproductive effort of parous females. The efficiency of milk production increased significantly with maternal age. Offspring metabolism was a relatively small component of maternal energy expenditure, with pups storing 84% of the energy obtained from milk. These effects are an important consequence of the phocid strategy for enabling terrestrial parturition despite marine feeding. This strategy has resulted in an abbreviated and highly efficient lactation system that is strongly impacted by body reserves, linking foraging success at sea with reproductive success on land. 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| subjects | Animal and plant ecology Animal reproduction Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Autoecology Average linear density Año Nuevo State Reserve, California Biological and medical sciences Body composition Elephants fasting Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Lactation lactation energetics Mammalia Marine Marine mammals Maternal age maternal traits Metabolism Mirounga angustirostris northern elephant seal Parturition physiological constraints Pups reproductive effort Seals Sexes Vertebrata Weaning |
| title | Maternal Traits and Reproductive Effort in Northern Elephant Seals |
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