The Effects of Chlormequat Chloride on the Development of Pubertal Male Rats
[Display omitted] •The developmental toxicity of Chlormequat Chloride was studied.•Chlormequat Chloride impacted the width of growth plates.•Chlormequat Chloride decreased the concentration of GH in serum.•Chlormequat Chloride inhibited the mRNA expression of GH, GHR and IGF-I. Chlormequat Chloride...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental toxicology and pharmacology 2016-10, Vol.47, p.92-99 |
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| creator | Huang, Dan Wu, Shuang Pan, Yao Meng, Qinghe Chu, Hongqian Jiang, Jianjun Shang, Lanqin Hao, Weidong |
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•The developmental toxicity of Chlormequat Chloride was studied.•Chlormequat Chloride impacted the width of growth plates.•Chlormequat Chloride decreased the concentration of GH in serum.•Chlormequat Chloride inhibited the mRNA expression of GH, GHR and IGF-I.
Chlormequat Chloride (CCC) is a plant growth regulator that is widely applied in agriculture. Previous studies have shown that long-term exposure of CCC could decrease body weight in animals. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been studied. In this study, CCC was administered to rats daily by gavage on postnatal days 23–60 at doses of 0, 75, 150 and 300mg/kg bw/d. The results showed that body weight and the length of the right femur were significantly decreased in the 300mg/kg bw/d group. Histological analysis of proximal growth plates of the right femurs showed narrowed proliferative zones and hypertrophic zones in CCC-treated groups. The mRNA expression of growth hormone, growth hormone receptor and insulin like growth factor 1 were decreased in the CCC-treated group. The results indicated that CCC may affect the expression of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 and subsequently cause a decrease in body weight and bone length. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.etap.2016.09.002 |
| format | Article |
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•The developmental toxicity of Chlormequat Chloride was studied.•Chlormequat Chloride impacted the width of growth plates.•Chlormequat Chloride decreased the concentration of GH in serum.•Chlormequat Chloride inhibited the mRNA expression of GH, GHR and IGF-I.
Chlormequat Chloride (CCC) is a plant growth regulator that is widely applied in agriculture. Previous studies have shown that long-term exposure of CCC could decrease body weight in animals. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been studied. In this study, CCC was administered to rats daily by gavage on postnatal days 23–60 at doses of 0, 75, 150 and 300mg/kg bw/d. The results showed that body weight and the length of the right femur were significantly decreased in the 300mg/kg bw/d group. Histological analysis of proximal growth plates of the right femurs showed narrowed proliferative zones and hypertrophic zones in CCC-treated groups. The mRNA expression of growth hormone, growth hormone receptor and insulin like growth factor 1 were decreased in the CCC-treated group. The results indicated that CCC may affect the expression of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 and subsequently cause a decrease in body weight and bone length.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1382-6689</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1872-7077</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2016.09.002</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27653211</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Acetylcholine - blood ; Animals ; Body weight ; Body Weight - drug effects ; Chloride ; Chlorides ; Chlormequat - toxicity ; Chlormequat chloride ; Developmental toxicity ; Emergency ; Femur ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects ; Growth hormone ; Growth Hormone - blood ; Growth Hormone - genetics ; Growth Plate - drug effects ; Growth regulators ; Insulin ; Insulin-like growth factor 1 ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - analysis ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - genetics ; Male ; Organ Size - drug effects ; Phytohormones ; Plant growth ; Plant Growth Regulators - toxicity ; Puberty - drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Somatotropin - genetics ; Rodents ; Toxicity</subject><ispartof>Environmental toxicology and pharmacology, 2016-10, Vol.47, p.92-99</ispartof><rights>2016 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Oct 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c472t-27ce5c8428690c2a062f98a2d5a5703adaa3c7b86c5812f4618ab4d8f0f9387a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c472t-27ce5c8428690c2a062f98a2d5a5703adaa3c7b86c5812f4618ab4d8f0f9387a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1382668916302319$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,3537,27901,27902,65534</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653211$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Huang, Dan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Shuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Yao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meng, Qinghe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chu, Hongqian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Jianjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shang, Lanqin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hao, Weidong</creatorcontrib><title>The Effects of Chlormequat Chloride on the Development of Pubertal Male Rats</title><title>Environmental toxicology and pharmacology</title><addtitle>Environ Toxicol Pharmacol</addtitle><description>[Display omitted]
•The developmental toxicity of Chlormequat Chloride was studied.•Chlormequat Chloride impacted the width of growth plates.•Chlormequat Chloride decreased the concentration of GH in serum.•Chlormequat Chloride inhibited the mRNA expression of GH, GHR and IGF-I.
Chlormequat Chloride (CCC) is a plant growth regulator that is widely applied in agriculture. Previous studies have shown that long-term exposure of CCC could decrease body weight in animals. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been studied. In this study, CCC was administered to rats daily by gavage on postnatal days 23–60 at doses of 0, 75, 150 and 300mg/kg bw/d. The results showed that body weight and the length of the right femur were significantly decreased in the 300mg/kg bw/d group. Histological analysis of proximal growth plates of the right femurs showed narrowed proliferative zones and hypertrophic zones in CCC-treated groups. The mRNA expression of growth hormone, growth hormone receptor and insulin like growth factor 1 were decreased in the CCC-treated group. The results indicated that CCC may affect the expression of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 and subsequently cause a decrease in body weight and bone length.</description><subject>Acetylcholine - blood</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Body Weight - drug effects</subject><subject>Chloride</subject><subject>Chlorides</subject><subject>Chlormequat - toxicity</subject><subject>Chlormequat chloride</subject><subject>Developmental toxicity</subject><subject>Emergency</subject><subject>Femur</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Growth hormone</subject><subject>Growth Hormone - blood</subject><subject>Growth Hormone - genetics</subject><subject>Growth Plate - drug effects</subject><subject>Growth regulators</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Insulin-like growth factor 1</subject><subject>Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - analysis</subject><subject>Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - genetics</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Organ Size - drug effects</subject><subject>Phytohormones</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Plant Growth Regulators - toxicity</subject><subject>Puberty - drug effects</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Receptors, Somatotropin - genetics</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><issn>1382-6689</issn><issn>1872-7077</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk9v1DAQxS0EoqXwBTigSFy4JNjjxHYkhFQt5Y-0CATlbHmdseolibe2U6nfHkdbeugBcZp3-L0nzbwh5CWjDaNMvN03mM2hgaIb2jeUwiNyypSEWlIpHxfNFdRCqP6EPEtpTynrOFdPyQlI0XFg7JRsL6-wunAObU5VcNXmagxxwuvF5KP2A1ZhrnLBPuANjuEw4ZxX9Puyw5jNWH01I1Y_TE7PyRNnxoQv7uYZ-fXx4nLzud5--_Rlc76tbSsh1yAtdla1oERPLRgqwPXKwNCZTlJuBmO4lTslbKcYuFYwZXbtoBx1PVfS8DPy5ph7iOF6wZT15JPFcTQzhiVpprjkTPVM_A_aCaU4kwV9_QDdhyXOZRENlHcSWgVQKDhSNoaUIjp9iH4y8VYzqtda9F6vtei1Fk17XWoppld30ctuwuHe8reHArw7AljOduMx6mQ9zhYHH0s1egj-3_nvH9jt6GdvzfgbbzHd78F0Ak31z_Ux1r8oBypu1vM_jtCwSw</recordid><startdate>20161001</startdate><enddate>20161001</enddate><creator>Huang, Dan</creator><creator>Wu, Shuang</creator><creator>Pan, Yao</creator><creator>Meng, Qinghe</creator><creator>Chu, Hongqian</creator><creator>Jiang, Jianjun</creator><creator>Shang, Lanqin</creator><creator>Hao, Weidong</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20161001</creationdate><title>The Effects of Chlormequat Chloride on the Development of Pubertal Male Rats</title><author>Huang, Dan ; Wu, Shuang ; Pan, Yao ; Meng, Qinghe ; Chu, Hongqian ; Jiang, Jianjun ; Shang, Lanqin ; Hao, Weidong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c472t-27ce5c8428690c2a062f98a2d5a5703adaa3c7b86c5812f4618ab4d8f0f9387a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Acetylcholine - blood</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Body weight</topic><topic>Body Weight - drug effects</topic><topic>Chloride</topic><topic>Chlorides</topic><topic>Chlormequat - toxicity</topic><topic>Chlormequat chloride</topic><topic>Developmental toxicity</topic><topic>Emergency</topic><topic>Femur</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects</topic><topic>Growth hormone</topic><topic>Growth Hormone - blood</topic><topic>Growth Hormone - genetics</topic><topic>Growth Plate - drug effects</topic><topic>Growth regulators</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Insulin-like growth factor 1</topic><topic>Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - analysis</topic><topic>Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - genetics</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Organ Size - drug effects</topic><topic>Phytohormones</topic><topic>Plant growth</topic><topic>Plant Growth Regulators - toxicity</topic><topic>Puberty - drug effects</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Receptors, Somatotropin - genetics</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Huang, Dan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wu, Shuang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Yao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Meng, Qinghe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chu, Hongqian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jiang, Jianjun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shang, Lanqin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hao, Weidong</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>Environmental toxicology and pharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Huang, Dan</au><au>Wu, Shuang</au><au>Pan, Yao</au><au>Meng, Qinghe</au><au>Chu, Hongqian</au><au>Jiang, Jianjun</au><au>Shang, Lanqin</au><au>Hao, Weidong</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Effects of Chlormequat Chloride on the Development of Pubertal Male Rats</atitle><jtitle>Environmental toxicology and pharmacology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ Toxicol Pharmacol</addtitle><date>2016-10-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>47</volume><spage>92</spage><epage>99</epage><pages>92-99</pages><issn>1382-6689</issn><eissn>1872-7077</eissn><abstract>[Display omitted]
•The developmental toxicity of Chlormequat Chloride was studied.•Chlormequat Chloride impacted the width of growth plates.•Chlormequat Chloride decreased the concentration of GH in serum.•Chlormequat Chloride inhibited the mRNA expression of GH, GHR and IGF-I.
Chlormequat Chloride (CCC) is a plant growth regulator that is widely applied in agriculture. Previous studies have shown that long-term exposure of CCC could decrease body weight in animals. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been studied. In this study, CCC was administered to rats daily by gavage on postnatal days 23–60 at doses of 0, 75, 150 and 300mg/kg bw/d. The results showed that body weight and the length of the right femur were significantly decreased in the 300mg/kg bw/d group. Histological analysis of proximal growth plates of the right femurs showed narrowed proliferative zones and hypertrophic zones in CCC-treated groups. The mRNA expression of growth hormone, growth hormone receptor and insulin like growth factor 1 were decreased in the CCC-treated group. The results indicated that CCC may affect the expression of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 and subsequently cause a decrease in body weight and bone length.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>27653211</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.etap.2016.09.002</doi><tpages>8</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acetylcholine - blood Animals Body weight Body Weight - drug effects Chloride Chlorides Chlormequat - toxicity Chlormequat chloride Developmental toxicity Emergency Femur Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects Growth hormone Growth Hormone - blood Growth Hormone - genetics Growth Plate - drug effects Growth regulators Insulin Insulin-like growth factor 1 Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - analysis Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - genetics Male Organ Size - drug effects Phytohormones Plant growth Plant Growth Regulators - toxicity Puberty - drug effects Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Receptors, Somatotropin - genetics Rodents Toxicity |
| title | The Effects of Chlormequat Chloride on the Development of Pubertal Male Rats |
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