Second and Third-Order Noise Shaping Digital Quantizers for Low Phase Noise and Nonlinearity-Induced Spurious Tones in Fractional- N PLLs

Noise shaping digital quantizers, most commonly digital delta-sigma (ΔΣ) modulators, are used in fractional-N phase-locked loops (PLLs) to enable fractional frequency tuning. Unfortunately, their quantization noise is subjected to nonlinear distortion because of the PLL's inevitable non-ideal a...

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