Boron Nitride and Sapphire Windows for 95-GHz Gaussian RF Beam
This paper presents the reflectivity and insertion loss characteristics of Boron Nitride (BN) and Sapphire RF windows for a 95-GHz Gaussian RF beam of a 100-kW gyrotron. The design of an RF window has been carried out using Fresnel's formula for reflection and transmission of Gaussian electroma...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | IEEE transactions on electron devices 2016-08, Vol.63 (8), p.3257-3261 |
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| container_title | IEEE transactions on electron devices |
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| creator | Kesari, Vishal Singh, Arun Kumar Seshadri, Ramaswamy Kamath, Sudhir |
| description | This paper presents the reflectivity and insertion loss characteristics of Boron Nitride (BN) and Sapphire RF windows for a 95-GHz Gaussian RF beam of a 100-kW gyrotron. The design of an RF window has been carried out using Fresnel's formula for reflection and transmission of Gaussian electromagnetic wave at the boundary between two media. The return loss of the RF windows of 95 GHz was found to be less than -46.8 dB for BN and less than -57.8 dB for Sapphire, and the transmission loss of the RF windows was better than -0.06 dB for BN and better than -0.01 dB for Sapphire. Furthermore, the heat load due to RF power absorption over the disk surface has been calculated. The Sapphire RF windows have been found with lower heat load and deflection, and higher tensile stress than that of BN. The allowable stress level for Sapphire is higher than that of BN; therefore, using Sapphire is structurally safer to use. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1109/TED.2016.2576462 |
| format | Article |
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The design of an RF window has been carried out using Fresnel's formula for reflection and transmission of Gaussian electromagnetic wave at the boundary between two media. The return loss of the RF windows of 95 GHz was found to be less than -46.8 dB for BN and less than -57.8 dB for Sapphire, and the transmission loss of the RF windows was better than -0.06 dB for BN and better than -0.01 dB for Sapphire. Furthermore, the heat load due to RF power absorption over the disk surface has been calculated. The Sapphire RF windows have been found with lower heat load and deflection, and higher tensile stress than that of BN. The allowable stress level for Sapphire is higher than that of BN; therefore, using Sapphire is structurally safer to use.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0018-9383</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1557-9646</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1109/TED.2016.2576462</identifier><identifier>CODEN: IETDAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: IEEE</publisher><subject>Absorption ; Beams (radiation) ; Boron nitride ; Deflection ; Devices ; Disks ; Gaussian ; Gaussian beams (optics) ; Gaussian RF beam ; Gyrotron window ; Gyrotrons ; Heating ; Insertion loss ; Radio frequency ; Sapphire ; Tensile stress ; Thermal analysis ; W -band gyrotron</subject><ispartof>IEEE transactions on electron devices, 2016-08, Vol.63 (8), p.3257-3261</ispartof><rights>Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c324t-d423206a84420b9ccd850f88101fa1db152173126f55e6309ca19f3cd6237d5e3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c324t-d423206a84420b9ccd850f88101fa1db152173126f55e6309ca19f3cd6237d5e3</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6347-3433</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7494655$$EHTML$$P50$$Gieee$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,796,27924,27925,54758</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7494655$$EView_record_in_IEEE$$FView_record_in_$$GIEEE</linktorsrc></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kesari, Vishal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Arun Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seshadri, Ramaswamy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamath, Sudhir</creatorcontrib><title>Boron Nitride and Sapphire Windows for 95-GHz Gaussian RF Beam</title><title>IEEE transactions on electron devices</title><addtitle>TED</addtitle><description>This paper presents the reflectivity and insertion loss characteristics of Boron Nitride (BN) and Sapphire RF windows for a 95-GHz Gaussian RF beam of a 100-kW gyrotron. The design of an RF window has been carried out using Fresnel's formula for reflection and transmission of Gaussian electromagnetic wave at the boundary between two media. The return loss of the RF windows of 95 GHz was found to be less than -46.8 dB for BN and less than -57.8 dB for Sapphire, and the transmission loss of the RF windows was better than -0.06 dB for BN and better than -0.01 dB for Sapphire. Furthermore, the heat load due to RF power absorption over the disk surface has been calculated. The Sapphire RF windows have been found with lower heat load and deflection, and higher tensile stress than that of BN. The allowable stress level for Sapphire is higher than that of BN; therefore, using Sapphire is structurally safer to use.</description><subject>Absorption</subject><subject>Beams (radiation)</subject><subject>Boron nitride</subject><subject>Deflection</subject><subject>Devices</subject><subject>Disks</subject><subject>Gaussian</subject><subject>Gaussian beams (optics)</subject><subject>Gaussian RF beam</subject><subject>Gyrotron window</subject><subject>Gyrotrons</subject><subject>Heating</subject><subject>Insertion loss</subject><subject>Radio frequency</subject><subject>Sapphire</subject><subject>Tensile stress</subject><subject>Thermal analysis</subject><subject>W -band gyrotron</subject><issn>0018-9383</issn><issn>1557-9646</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RIE</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkE1LAzEQhoMoWKt3wUvAi5etmXxtchFs7YdQFLTiMaSbLG5pd9eki-ivN6XFg6fhheedGR6ELoEMAIi-XYwfBpSAHFCRSy7pEeqBEHmmUzhGPUJAZZopdorOYlylKDmnPXQ3bEJT46dqGyrnsa0dfrVt-1EFj9-r2jVfEZdNwFpk09kPntouxsrW-GWCh95uztFJadfRXxxmH71NxovRLJs_Tx9H9_OsYJRvM8cpo0RalW6SpS4KpwQplQICpQW3BEEhZ0BlKYSXjOjCgi5Z4SRluROe9dHNfm8bms_Ox63ZVLHw67WtfdNFA4oJCTxnLKHX_9BV04U6fZcoIrkioPNEkT1VhCbG4EvThmpjw7cBYnZCTRJqdkLNQWiqXO0rlff-D8-55lII9gs8bW1M</recordid><startdate>20160801</startdate><enddate>20160801</enddate><creator>Kesari, Vishal</creator><creator>Singh, Arun Kumar</creator><creator>Seshadri, Ramaswamy</creator><creator>Kamath, Sudhir</creator><general>IEEE</general><general>The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)</general><scope>97E</scope><scope>RIA</scope><scope>RIE</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-3433</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20160801</creationdate><title>Boron Nitride and Sapphire Windows for 95-GHz Gaussian RF Beam</title><author>Kesari, Vishal ; Singh, Arun Kumar ; Seshadri, Ramaswamy ; Kamath, Sudhir</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c324t-d423206a84420b9ccd850f88101fa1db152173126f55e6309ca19f3cd6237d5e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Absorption</topic><topic>Beams (radiation)</topic><topic>Boron nitride</topic><topic>Deflection</topic><topic>Devices</topic><topic>Disks</topic><topic>Gaussian</topic><topic>Gaussian beams (optics)</topic><topic>Gaussian RF beam</topic><topic>Gyrotron window</topic><topic>Gyrotrons</topic><topic>Heating</topic><topic>Insertion loss</topic><topic>Radio frequency</topic><topic>Sapphire</topic><topic>Tensile stress</topic><topic>Thermal analysis</topic><topic>W -band gyrotron</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kesari, Vishal</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Singh, Arun Kumar</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seshadri, Ramaswamy</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kamath, Sudhir</creatorcontrib><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present</collection><collection>IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) Online</collection><collection>IEEE Xplore</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Electronics & Communications Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><collection>Aluminium Industry Abstracts</collection><collection>ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><jtitle>IEEE transactions on electron devices</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kesari, Vishal</au><au>Singh, Arun Kumar</au><au>Seshadri, Ramaswamy</au><au>Kamath, Sudhir</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Boron Nitride and Sapphire Windows for 95-GHz Gaussian RF Beam</atitle><jtitle>IEEE transactions on electron devices</jtitle><stitle>TED</stitle><date>2016-08-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>63</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>3257</spage><epage>3261</epage><pages>3257-3261</pages><issn>0018-9383</issn><eissn>1557-9646</eissn><coden>IETDAI</coden><abstract>This paper presents the reflectivity and insertion loss characteristics of Boron Nitride (BN) and Sapphire RF windows for a 95-GHz Gaussian RF beam of a 100-kW gyrotron. The design of an RF window has been carried out using Fresnel's formula for reflection and transmission of Gaussian electromagnetic wave at the boundary between two media. The return loss of the RF windows of 95 GHz was found to be less than -46.8 dB for BN and less than -57.8 dB for Sapphire, and the transmission loss of the RF windows was better than -0.06 dB for BN and better than -0.01 dB for Sapphire. Furthermore, the heat load due to RF power absorption over the disk surface has been calculated. The Sapphire RF windows have been found with lower heat load and deflection, and higher tensile stress than that of BN. The allowable stress level for Sapphire is higher than that of BN; therefore, using Sapphire is structurally safer to use.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>IEEE</pub><doi>10.1109/TED.2016.2576462</doi><tpages>5</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6347-3433</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Absorption Beams (radiation) Boron nitride Deflection Devices Disks Gaussian Gaussian beams (optics) Gaussian RF beam Gyrotron window Gyrotrons Heating Insertion loss Radio frequency Sapphire Tensile stress Thermal analysis W -band gyrotron |
| title | Boron Nitride and Sapphire Windows for 95-GHz Gaussian RF Beam |
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