Initial breakdown and fast leaders in lightning discharges producing long‐lasting disturbances of the lower ionosphere
The recent discovery of long recovery, early VLF scattering events (LOREs) indicates that the electric field changes from lightning discharges are capable of producing long‐lasting disturbances (up to tens of minutes) in the upper mesosphere and lower ionosphere. Comparison of lightning mapping arra...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of geophysical research. Space physics 2016-06, Vol.121 (6), p.5794-5804 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 5804 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 6 |
| container_start_page | 5794 |
| container_title | Journal of geophysical research. Space physics |
| container_volume | 121 |
| creator | Kotovsky, D. A. Moore, R. C. Zhu, Y. Tran, M. D. Rakov, V. A. Pilkey, J. T. Caicedo, J. A. Hare, B. Jordan, D. M. Uman, M. A. |
| description | The recent discovery of long recovery, early VLF scattering events (LOREs) indicates that the electric field changes from lightning discharges are capable of producing long‐lasting disturbances (up to tens of minutes) in the upper mesosphere and lower ionosphere. Comparison of lightning mapping array, broadband (up to 10 MHz) electric field, and VLF (∼300 Hz to 42 kHz) magnetic field measurements shows that the field changes produced by initial breakdown (IB) processes and the following leaders in natural, cloud‐to‐ground lightning discharges are detectable in VLF magnetic field measurements at long distances. IB radiation has been detected in VLF for lightning discharges occurring up to 2630 km away from the VLF observing station. Radio atmospherics associated with 52 LOREs, 51 regular recovery events, and 3098 flashes detected by National Lightning Detection Network and/or GLD360 were examined for IB radiation occurring up to 15 ms before the return stroke. Our analysis reveals that in contrast to regular recovery early VLF events, LOREs are strongly associated with lightning discharges which exhibit an intense IB process and a fast first leader (typical duration |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/2015JA022266 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1835613117</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>4119255591</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4394-d711c081dde25af85baf9d0e870ecf1fa6783ea137287b2fd95d3666e72d4f503</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqN0c1KAzEQB_BFFJTqzQcIePFgNR-bZPdYih8tgiB6XtLNpI3GpCa7VG8-gs_ok5hSBfEg5pIw_DL8hymKQ4JPCcb0jGLCpyNMKRViq9ijRNTDusR0-_vNKrxbHKT0gPOpconwveJl4m1nlUOzCOpRh5VHymtkVOqQA6UhJmQ9cna-6Lz1c6RtahcqziGhZQy6b9dFF_z84-3d5V9fpuvjTPk2q2BQt4BMVhCRDT6k5QIi7Bc7RrkEB1_3oLi_OL8bXw2vby4n49H1sC1ZXQ61JKTNabUGypWp-EyZWmOoJIbWEKOErBgowiSt5IwaXXPNhBAgqS4Nx2xQHG_65rTPPaSuecoTgHPKQ-hTQyrGBWGEyH9QXAlal7zO9OgXfQh99HmQJu9BYkIlKf9SuVfJc3S27nWyUW0MKUUwzTLaJxVfG4Kb9Wqbn6vNnG34yjp4_dM208vbEadCluwTETelgw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1804578339</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Initial breakdown and fast leaders in lightning discharges producing long‐lasting disturbances of the lower ionosphere</title><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><source>Wiley Free Content</source><creator>Kotovsky, D. A. ; Moore, R. C. ; Zhu, Y. ; Tran, M. D. ; Rakov, V. A. ; Pilkey, J. T. ; Caicedo, J. A. ; Hare, B. ; Jordan, D. M. ; Uman, M. A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Kotovsky, D. A. ; Moore, R. C. ; Zhu, Y. ; Tran, M. D. ; Rakov, V. A. ; Pilkey, J. T. ; Caicedo, J. A. ; Hare, B. ; Jordan, D. M. ; Uman, M. A.</creatorcontrib><description>The recent discovery of long recovery, early VLF scattering events (LOREs) indicates that the electric field changes from lightning discharges are capable of producing long‐lasting disturbances (up to tens of minutes) in the upper mesosphere and lower ionosphere. Comparison of lightning mapping array, broadband (up to 10 MHz) electric field, and VLF (∼300 Hz to 42 kHz) magnetic field measurements shows that the field changes produced by initial breakdown (IB) processes and the following leaders in natural, cloud‐to‐ground lightning discharges are detectable in VLF magnetic field measurements at long distances. IB radiation has been detected in VLF for lightning discharges occurring up to 2630 km away from the VLF observing station. Radio atmospherics associated with 52 LOREs, 51 regular recovery events, and 3098 flashes detected by National Lightning Detection Network and/or GLD360 were examined for IB radiation occurring up to 15 ms before the return stroke. Our analysis reveals that in contrast to regular recovery early VLF events, LOREs are strongly associated with lightning discharges which exhibit an intense IB process and a fast first leader (typical duration <4 ms). These experimental results demonstrate that initial breakdown and leader processes are indicators of discharge properties highly relevant to the total energy transfer between lightning discharges and the middle/upper atmosphere.
Key Points
Radiation from IB processes are measured in VLF magnetic fields up to 2630 km away
LOREs are strongly associated with lightning exhibiting intense IB and fast first leaders
Observed properties of LORE causative discharges do not signify association with any particular TLE</description><identifier>ISSN: 2169-9380</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2169-9402</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/2015JA022266</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Atmospherics ; Breakdown ; Broadband ; Cloud-to-ground lightning ; Disturbances ; Electric discharges ; Electric fields ; Energy transfer ; Geophysics ; initial breakdown ; Ionosphere ; Leader currents ; leaders ; Leadership ; Lightning ; Lightning detection ; Lightning discharges ; Lower ionosphere ; Magnetic field measurement ; Magnetic fields ; Mesosphere ; Radiation ; Recovery ; Return stroke ; Upper atmosphere ; VLF scattering</subject><ispartof>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics, 2016-06, Vol.121 (6), p.5794-5804</ispartof><rights>2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4394-d711c081dde25af85baf9d0e870ecf1fa6783ea137287b2fd95d3666e72d4f503</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4394-d711c081dde25af85baf9d0e870ecf1fa6783ea137287b2fd95d3666e72d4f503</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2F2015JA022266$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2F2015JA022266$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,777,781,1412,1428,27905,27906,45555,45556,46390,46814</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kotovsky, D. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moore, R. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tran, M. D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rakov, V. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pilkey, J. T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caicedo, J. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hare, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jordan, D. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uman, M. A.</creatorcontrib><title>Initial breakdown and fast leaders in lightning discharges producing long‐lasting disturbances of the lower ionosphere</title><title>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</title><description>The recent discovery of long recovery, early VLF scattering events (LOREs) indicates that the electric field changes from lightning discharges are capable of producing long‐lasting disturbances (up to tens of minutes) in the upper mesosphere and lower ionosphere. Comparison of lightning mapping array, broadband (up to 10 MHz) electric field, and VLF (∼300 Hz to 42 kHz) magnetic field measurements shows that the field changes produced by initial breakdown (IB) processes and the following leaders in natural, cloud‐to‐ground lightning discharges are detectable in VLF magnetic field measurements at long distances. IB radiation has been detected in VLF for lightning discharges occurring up to 2630 km away from the VLF observing station. Radio atmospherics associated with 52 LOREs, 51 regular recovery events, and 3098 flashes detected by National Lightning Detection Network and/or GLD360 were examined for IB radiation occurring up to 15 ms before the return stroke. Our analysis reveals that in contrast to regular recovery early VLF events, LOREs are strongly associated with lightning discharges which exhibit an intense IB process and a fast first leader (typical duration <4 ms). These experimental results demonstrate that initial breakdown and leader processes are indicators of discharge properties highly relevant to the total energy transfer between lightning discharges and the middle/upper atmosphere.
Key Points
Radiation from IB processes are measured in VLF magnetic fields up to 2630 km away
LOREs are strongly associated with lightning exhibiting intense IB and fast first leaders
Observed properties of LORE causative discharges do not signify association with any particular TLE</description><subject>Atmospherics</subject><subject>Breakdown</subject><subject>Broadband</subject><subject>Cloud-to-ground lightning</subject><subject>Disturbances</subject><subject>Electric discharges</subject><subject>Electric fields</subject><subject>Energy transfer</subject><subject>Geophysics</subject><subject>initial breakdown</subject><subject>Ionosphere</subject><subject>Leader currents</subject><subject>leaders</subject><subject>Leadership</subject><subject>Lightning</subject><subject>Lightning detection</subject><subject>Lightning discharges</subject><subject>Lower ionosphere</subject><subject>Magnetic field measurement</subject><subject>Magnetic fields</subject><subject>Mesosphere</subject><subject>Radiation</subject><subject>Recovery</subject><subject>Return stroke</subject><subject>Upper atmosphere</subject><subject>VLF scattering</subject><issn>2169-9380</issn><issn>2169-9402</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqN0c1KAzEQB_BFFJTqzQcIePFgNR-bZPdYih8tgiB6XtLNpI3GpCa7VG8-gs_ok5hSBfEg5pIw_DL8hymKQ4JPCcb0jGLCpyNMKRViq9ijRNTDusR0-_vNKrxbHKT0gPOpconwveJl4m1nlUOzCOpRh5VHymtkVOqQA6UhJmQ9cna-6Lz1c6RtahcqziGhZQy6b9dFF_z84-3d5V9fpuvjTPk2q2BQt4BMVhCRDT6k5QIi7Bc7RrkEB1_3oLi_OL8bXw2vby4n49H1sC1ZXQ61JKTNabUGypWp-EyZWmOoJIbWEKOErBgowiSt5IwaXXPNhBAgqS4Nx2xQHG_65rTPPaSuecoTgHPKQ-hTQyrGBWGEyH9QXAlal7zO9OgXfQh99HmQJu9BYkIlKf9SuVfJc3S27nWyUW0MKUUwzTLaJxVfG4Kb9Wqbn6vNnG34yjp4_dM208vbEadCluwTETelgw</recordid><startdate>201606</startdate><enddate>201606</enddate><creator>Kotovsky, D. A.</creator><creator>Moore, R. C.</creator><creator>Zhu, Y.</creator><creator>Tran, M. D.</creator><creator>Rakov, V. A.</creator><creator>Pilkey, J. T.</creator><creator>Caicedo, J. A.</creator><creator>Hare, B.</creator><creator>Jordan, D. M.</creator><creator>Uman, M. A.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>L7M</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201606</creationdate><title>Initial breakdown and fast leaders in lightning discharges producing long‐lasting disturbances of the lower ionosphere</title><author>Kotovsky, D. A. ; Moore, R. C. ; Zhu, Y. ; Tran, M. D. ; Rakov, V. A. ; Pilkey, J. T. ; Caicedo, J. A. ; Hare, B. ; Jordan, D. M. ; Uman, M. A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4394-d711c081dde25af85baf9d0e870ecf1fa6783ea137287b2fd95d3666e72d4f503</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Atmospherics</topic><topic>Breakdown</topic><topic>Broadband</topic><topic>Cloud-to-ground lightning</topic><topic>Disturbances</topic><topic>Electric discharges</topic><topic>Electric fields</topic><topic>Energy transfer</topic><topic>Geophysics</topic><topic>initial breakdown</topic><topic>Ionosphere</topic><topic>Leader currents</topic><topic>leaders</topic><topic>Leadership</topic><topic>Lightning</topic><topic>Lightning detection</topic><topic>Lightning discharges</topic><topic>Lower ionosphere</topic><topic>Magnetic field measurement</topic><topic>Magnetic fields</topic><topic>Mesosphere</topic><topic>Radiation</topic><topic>Recovery</topic><topic>Return stroke</topic><topic>Upper atmosphere</topic><topic>VLF scattering</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kotovsky, D. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moore, R. C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tran, M. D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rakov, V. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pilkey, J. T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Caicedo, J. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hare, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jordan, D. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Uman, M. A.</creatorcontrib><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Aerospace Database</collection><collection>Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic</collection><collection>Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace</collection><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kotovsky, D. A.</au><au>Moore, R. C.</au><au>Zhu, Y.</au><au>Tran, M. D.</au><au>Rakov, V. A.</au><au>Pilkey, J. T.</au><au>Caicedo, J. A.</au><au>Hare, B.</au><au>Jordan, D. M.</au><au>Uman, M. A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Initial breakdown and fast leaders in lightning discharges producing long‐lasting disturbances of the lower ionosphere</atitle><jtitle>Journal of geophysical research. Space physics</jtitle><date>2016-06</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>121</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>5794</spage><epage>5804</epage><pages>5794-5804</pages><issn>2169-9380</issn><eissn>2169-9402</eissn><abstract>The recent discovery of long recovery, early VLF scattering events (LOREs) indicates that the electric field changes from lightning discharges are capable of producing long‐lasting disturbances (up to tens of minutes) in the upper mesosphere and lower ionosphere. Comparison of lightning mapping array, broadband (up to 10 MHz) electric field, and VLF (∼300 Hz to 42 kHz) magnetic field measurements shows that the field changes produced by initial breakdown (IB) processes and the following leaders in natural, cloud‐to‐ground lightning discharges are detectable in VLF magnetic field measurements at long distances. IB radiation has been detected in VLF for lightning discharges occurring up to 2630 km away from the VLF observing station. Radio atmospherics associated with 52 LOREs, 51 regular recovery events, and 3098 flashes detected by National Lightning Detection Network and/or GLD360 were examined for IB radiation occurring up to 15 ms before the return stroke. Our analysis reveals that in contrast to regular recovery early VLF events, LOREs are strongly associated with lightning discharges which exhibit an intense IB process and a fast first leader (typical duration <4 ms). These experimental results demonstrate that initial breakdown and leader processes are indicators of discharge properties highly relevant to the total energy transfer between lightning discharges and the middle/upper atmosphere.
Key Points
Radiation from IB processes are measured in VLF magnetic fields up to 2630 km away
LOREs are strongly associated with lightning exhibiting intense IB and fast first leaders
Observed properties of LORE causative discharges do not signify association with any particular TLE</abstract><cop>Washington</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><doi>10.1002/2015JA022266</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 2169-9380 |
| ispartof | Journal of geophysical research. Space physics, 2016-06, Vol.121 (6), p.5794-5804 |
| issn | 2169-9380 2169-9402 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1835613117 |
| source | Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Wiley Free Content |
| subjects | Atmospherics Breakdown Broadband Cloud-to-ground lightning Disturbances Electric discharges Electric fields Energy transfer Geophysics initial breakdown Ionosphere Leader currents leaders Leadership Lightning Lightning detection Lightning discharges Lower ionosphere Magnetic field measurement Magnetic fields Mesosphere Radiation Recovery Return stroke Upper atmosphere VLF scattering |
| title | Initial breakdown and fast leaders in lightning discharges producing long‐lasting disturbances of the lower ionosphere |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-20T08%3A03%3A29IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_cross&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Initial%20breakdown%20and%20fast%20leaders%20in%20lightning%20discharges%20producing%20long%E2%80%90lasting%20disturbances%20of%20the%20lower%20ionosphere&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20geophysical%20research.%20Space%20physics&rft.au=Kotovsky,%20D.%20A.&rft.date=2016-06&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=5794&rft.epage=5804&rft.pages=5794-5804&rft.issn=2169-9380&rft.eissn=2169-9402&rft_id=info:doi/10.1002/2015JA022266&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_cross%3E4119255591%3C/proquest_cross%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1804578339&rft_id=info:pmid/&rfr_iscdi=true |