Nephrotoxicity in rabbits after long-term nandrolone decanoate administration
•Nephrotoxic effects of nandrolone decanoate on young rabbits.•Significant increase in serum urea and creatinine.•Hypereamia, fibrosis and focal inflammation in kidney tissue of high-dosed rabbits.•Increased telomerase activity in intramuscularly treated animals.•Tissue TBARS and GSH levels were sig...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Toxicology letters 2016-09, Vol.259, p.21-27 |
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| creator | Tsitsimpikou, Christina Vasilaki, Fotini Tsarouhas, Konstantinos Fragkiadaki, Persefoni Tzardi, Maria Goutzourelas, Nikolaos Nepka, Charitini Kalogeraki, Alexandra Heretis, Ioannis Epitropaki, Zoi Kouretas, Dimitrios Tsatsakis, Aristidis M. |
| description | •Nephrotoxic effects of nandrolone decanoate on young rabbits.•Significant increase in serum urea and creatinine.•Hypereamia, fibrosis and focal inflammation in kidney tissue of high-dosed rabbits.•Increased telomerase activity in intramuscularly treated animals.•Tissue TBARS and GSH levels were significantly altered.
Among the various side effects of supra-physiological dose of anabolic androgenic steroids that are described, renal toxicity remains the least evaluated. The present study provides evidence that long-term administration of nandrolone decanoate could lead to alterations of renal function and structure in the experimental rabbit model. A pronounced increase in serum urea, creatinine, SGOT and SGPT is observed in the treated animals, with intramuscular administration being more detrimental. Histopathological evaluation of kidneys indicated hyperaemia, fibrosis and focal inflammation. Furthermore, the significantly increased telomerase activity found in the kidneys of the intramuscularly treated animals could possibly represent a counteracting survival mechanism. Oxidative stress markers that were influenced the most were TBARS, indicating lipid peroxidation, and GSH. An interesting finding in our study though, was that while intramuscular administration showed the highest biochemical derangement, oxidative stress markers provided mixed results between intramuscularly and subcutaneously treated rabbits. In conclusion, nephrotoxicity of nandrolone decanoate remains a multi-factorial, partly irreversible effect that involves augmented tissue oxidative status. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1122 |
| format | Article |
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Among the various side effects of supra-physiological dose of anabolic androgenic steroids that are described, renal toxicity remains the least evaluated. The present study provides evidence that long-term administration of nandrolone decanoate could lead to alterations of renal function and structure in the experimental rabbit model. A pronounced increase in serum urea, creatinine, SGOT and SGPT is observed in the treated animals, with intramuscular administration being more detrimental. Histopathological evaluation of kidneys indicated hyperaemia, fibrosis and focal inflammation. Furthermore, the significantly increased telomerase activity found in the kidneys of the intramuscularly treated animals could possibly represent a counteracting survival mechanism. Oxidative stress markers that were influenced the most were TBARS, indicating lipid peroxidation, and GSH. An interesting finding in our study though, was that while intramuscular administration showed the highest biochemical derangement, oxidative stress markers provided mixed results between intramuscularly and subcutaneously treated rabbits. In conclusion, nephrotoxicity of nandrolone decanoate remains a multi-factorial, partly irreversible effect that involves augmented tissue oxidative status.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0378-4274</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-3169</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1122</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27346656</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Anabolic Agents - administration & dosage ; Anabolic Agents - toxicity ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; Creatinine ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Kidney ; Kidney Diseases - chemically induced ; Kidneys ; Male ; Markers ; Mathematical models ; Nandrolone ; Nandrolone - administration & dosage ; Nandrolone - analogs & derivatives ; Nandrolone - toxicity ; Oxidative stress ; Oxidative Stress - drug effects ; Rabbits ; Stresses ; Telomerase ; Toxicity ; Urea</subject><ispartof>Toxicology letters, 2016-09, Vol.259, p.21-27</ispartof><rights>2016</rights><rights>Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c501t-257bcf4c181f9039f45d97fb5c188a5260574b4916a40a3fdd165a40947d30ad3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c501t-257bcf4c181f9039f45d97fb5c188a5260574b4916a40a3fdd165a40947d30ad3</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3824-2462</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1122$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27346656$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tsitsimpikou, Christina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vasilaki, Fotini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsarouhas, Konstantinos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fragkiadaki, Persefoni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tzardi, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goutzourelas, Nikolaos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nepka, Charitini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalogeraki, Alexandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heretis, Ioannis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Epitropaki, Zoi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kouretas, Dimitrios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsatsakis, Aristidis M.</creatorcontrib><title>Nephrotoxicity in rabbits after long-term nandrolone decanoate administration</title><title>Toxicology letters</title><addtitle>Toxicol Lett</addtitle><description>•Nephrotoxic effects of nandrolone decanoate on young rabbits.•Significant increase in serum urea and creatinine.•Hypereamia, fibrosis and focal inflammation in kidney tissue of high-dosed rabbits.•Increased telomerase activity in intramuscularly treated animals.•Tissue TBARS and GSH levels were significantly altered.
Among the various side effects of supra-physiological dose of anabolic androgenic steroids that are described, renal toxicity remains the least evaluated. The present study provides evidence that long-term administration of nandrolone decanoate could lead to alterations of renal function and structure in the experimental rabbit model. A pronounced increase in serum urea, creatinine, SGOT and SGPT is observed in the treated animals, with intramuscular administration being more detrimental. Histopathological evaluation of kidneys indicated hyperaemia, fibrosis and focal inflammation. Furthermore, the significantly increased telomerase activity found in the kidneys of the intramuscularly treated animals could possibly represent a counteracting survival mechanism. Oxidative stress markers that were influenced the most were TBARS, indicating lipid peroxidation, and GSH. An interesting finding in our study though, was that while intramuscular administration showed the highest biochemical derangement, oxidative stress markers provided mixed results between intramuscularly and subcutaneously treated rabbits. In conclusion, nephrotoxicity of nandrolone decanoate remains a multi-factorial, partly irreversible effect that involves augmented tissue oxidative status.</description><subject>Anabolic Agents - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Anabolic Agents - toxicity</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Biomarkers</subject><subject>Creatinine</subject><subject>Drug Administration Schedule</subject><subject>Kidney</subject><subject>Kidney Diseases - chemically induced</subject><subject>Kidneys</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Markers</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>Nandrolone</subject><subject>Nandrolone - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Nandrolone - analogs & derivatives</subject><subject>Nandrolone - toxicity</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress - drug effects</subject><subject>Rabbits</subject><subject>Stresses</subject><subject>Telomerase</subject><subject>Toxicity</subject><subject>Urea</subject><issn>0378-4274</issn><issn>1879-3169</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkEtP3DAURi3UCobHT2iVZTcJtuNHvEIV4iXRdtOuLce-AY8Se7A9Vfn3eDTAtqzuQ-feTzoIfSG4I5iI83VX4r8ZSkfr1GHREULpAVqRQaq2J0J9Qivcy6FlVLIjdJzzGmMsmOCH6IjKngnBxQr9-AmbxxTrL299eW58aJIZR19yY6YCqZljeGhrszTBBJdinaFxYE2IpkBj3OKDzyWZ4mM4RZ8nM2c4e60n6M_11e_L2_b-183d5ff71nJMSku5HO3ELBnIpHCvJsadktPI62YwnArMJRuZIsIwbPrJOSJ4bRWTrsfG9Sfo2_7vJsWnLeSiF58tzLMJELdZk6HnXEkq5AdQKhXhlO1QvkdtijknmPQm-cWkZ02w3knXa72XrnfSNRZ6J73efX2N2I4LuPerN8sVuNgDUJ389ZB0th6CBecT2KJd9P-JeAEjgpVp</recordid><startdate>20160930</startdate><enddate>20160930</enddate><creator>Tsitsimpikou, Christina</creator><creator>Vasilaki, Fotini</creator><creator>Tsarouhas, Konstantinos</creator><creator>Fragkiadaki, Persefoni</creator><creator>Tzardi, Maria</creator><creator>Goutzourelas, Nikolaos</creator><creator>Nepka, Charitini</creator><creator>Kalogeraki, Alexandra</creator><creator>Heretis, Ioannis</creator><creator>Epitropaki, Zoi</creator><creator>Kouretas, Dimitrios</creator><creator>Tsatsakis, Aristidis M.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>KR7</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-2462</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20160930</creationdate><title>Nephrotoxicity in rabbits after long-term nandrolone decanoate administration</title><author>Tsitsimpikou, Christina ; Vasilaki, Fotini ; Tsarouhas, Konstantinos ; Fragkiadaki, Persefoni ; Tzardi, Maria ; Goutzourelas, Nikolaos ; Nepka, Charitini ; Kalogeraki, Alexandra ; Heretis, Ioannis ; Epitropaki, Zoi ; Kouretas, Dimitrios ; Tsatsakis, Aristidis M.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c501t-257bcf4c181f9039f45d97fb5c188a5260574b4916a40a3fdd165a40947d30ad3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Anabolic Agents - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Anabolic Agents - toxicity</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Biomarkers</topic><topic>Creatinine</topic><topic>Drug Administration Schedule</topic><topic>Kidney</topic><topic>Kidney Diseases - chemically induced</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Markers</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>Nandrolone</topic><topic>Nandrolone - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Nandrolone - analogs & derivatives</topic><topic>Nandrolone - toxicity</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Oxidative Stress - drug effects</topic><topic>Rabbits</topic><topic>Stresses</topic><topic>Telomerase</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Urea</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Tsitsimpikou, Christina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vasilaki, Fotini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsarouhas, Konstantinos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fragkiadaki, Persefoni</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tzardi, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goutzourelas, Nikolaos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nepka, Charitini</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kalogeraki, Alexandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heretis, Ioannis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Epitropaki, Zoi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kouretas, Dimitrios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsatsakis, Aristidis M.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Civil Engineering Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Toxicology letters</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Tsitsimpikou, Christina</au><au>Vasilaki, Fotini</au><au>Tsarouhas, Konstantinos</au><au>Fragkiadaki, Persefoni</au><au>Tzardi, Maria</au><au>Goutzourelas, Nikolaos</au><au>Nepka, Charitini</au><au>Kalogeraki, Alexandra</au><au>Heretis, Ioannis</au><au>Epitropaki, Zoi</au><au>Kouretas, Dimitrios</au><au>Tsatsakis, Aristidis M.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Nephrotoxicity in rabbits after long-term nandrolone decanoate administration</atitle><jtitle>Toxicology letters</jtitle><addtitle>Toxicol Lett</addtitle><date>2016-09-30</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>259</volume><spage>21</spage><epage>27</epage><pages>21-27</pages><issn>0378-4274</issn><eissn>1879-3169</eissn><abstract>•Nephrotoxic effects of nandrolone decanoate on young rabbits.•Significant increase in serum urea and creatinine.•Hypereamia, fibrosis and focal inflammation in kidney tissue of high-dosed rabbits.•Increased telomerase activity in intramuscularly treated animals.•Tissue TBARS and GSH levels were significantly altered.
Among the various side effects of supra-physiological dose of anabolic androgenic steroids that are described, renal toxicity remains the least evaluated. The present study provides evidence that long-term administration of nandrolone decanoate could lead to alterations of renal function and structure in the experimental rabbit model. A pronounced increase in serum urea, creatinine, SGOT and SGPT is observed in the treated animals, with intramuscular administration being more detrimental. Histopathological evaluation of kidneys indicated hyperaemia, fibrosis and focal inflammation. Furthermore, the significantly increased telomerase activity found in the kidneys of the intramuscularly treated animals could possibly represent a counteracting survival mechanism. Oxidative stress markers that were influenced the most were TBARS, indicating lipid peroxidation, and GSH. An interesting finding in our study though, was that while intramuscular administration showed the highest biochemical derangement, oxidative stress markers provided mixed results between intramuscularly and subcutaneously treated rabbits. In conclusion, nephrotoxicity of nandrolone decanoate remains a multi-factorial, partly irreversible effect that involves augmented tissue oxidative status.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>27346656</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1122</doi><tpages>7</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3824-2462</orcidid></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Toxicology letters, 2016-09, Vol.259, p.21-27 |
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| subjects | Anabolic Agents - administration & dosage Anabolic Agents - toxicity Animals Biomarkers Creatinine Drug Administration Schedule Kidney Kidney Diseases - chemically induced Kidneys Male Markers Mathematical models Nandrolone Nandrolone - administration & dosage Nandrolone - analogs & derivatives Nandrolone - toxicity Oxidative stress Oxidative Stress - drug effects Rabbits Stresses Telomerase Toxicity Urea |
| title | Nephrotoxicity in rabbits after long-term nandrolone decanoate administration |
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