Variations in lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury concentrations during honeybee wax processing using casting technology
Beeswax foundations are a necessary material in intensive modern beekeeping. Heavy metals can accumulate in these foundations for decades, as it is a common beekeeping practice to recycle wax. Beeswax samples were analysed using GFAAS for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg concentrations during the production of be...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju 2016-09, Vol.67 (3), p.223-228 |
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creator | Tlak Gajger, Ivana Kosanović, Marina Bilandžić, Nina Sedak, Marija Čalopek, Bruno |
description | Beeswax foundations are a necessary material in intensive modern beekeeping. Heavy metals can accumulate in these foundations for decades, as it is a common beekeeping practice to recycle wax. Beeswax samples were analysed using GFAAS for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg concentrations during the production of beeswax foundations using casting technology with a prolonged cooling and sedimentation phase. Significant differences were determined in the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb (p |
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) of the examined metals in comb foundations as the final product ranged as follows: As 0.01-0.88; Cd 1.26-3.55; Pb 82.5-171, and Hg 0.29-1.46. All examined element concentrations demonstrated similar distribution and ratio in different layers, ranging from the lowest concentrations in layers from which wax material is used for comb foundations as the final product, to the highest concentrations in sedimented layer, which represents waste. The obtained results suggest that the described method could effectively eliminate a significant amount of heavy metals from the initial material used for the production of new beeswax foundations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0004-1254</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1848-6312</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 0004-1254</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2780</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27749267</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Croatia: De Gruyter Open</publisher><subject>Animals ; arsenic ; Arsenic - analysis ; Bees ; beeswax ; cadmium ; Cadmium - analysis ; comb foundations ; Croatia ; Environmental Monitoring ; lead ; Lead - analysis ; mercury ; Mercury - analysis ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Waxes - chemistry</subject><ispartof>Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju, 2016-09, Vol.67 (3), p.223-228</ispartof><rights>Copyright Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c465t-170cee75957655a149d6016fbcf280a9e05910078161bf3756ec616a3f81784b3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c465t-170cee75957655a149d6016fbcf280a9e05910078161bf3756ec616a3f81784b3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2780/pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwalterdegruyter$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2780/html$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwalterdegruyter$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,860,27901,27902,66901,68685</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27749267$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Tlak Gajger, Ivana</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kosanović, Marina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bilandžić, Nina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sedak, Marija</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Čalopek, Bruno</creatorcontrib><title>Variations in lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury concentrations during honeybee wax processing using casting technology</title><title>Arhiv za higijenu rada i toksikologiju</title><addtitle>Arh Hig Rada Toksikol</addtitle><description>Beeswax foundations are a necessary material in intensive modern beekeeping. Heavy metals can accumulate in these foundations for decades, as it is a common beekeeping practice to recycle wax. Beeswax samples were analysed using GFAAS for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg concentrations during the production of beeswax foundations using casting technology with a prolonged cooling and sedimentation phase. Significant differences were determined in the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb (p<0.01, all), and Hg (p<0.05) between the three levels of wax in a double-walled steel casting container and comb foundations (CF) during the processing stage. Concentrations (mg kg
) of the examined metals in comb foundations as the final product ranged as follows: As 0.01-0.88; Cd 1.26-3.55; Pb 82.5-171, and Hg 0.29-1.46. All examined element concentrations demonstrated similar distribution and ratio in different layers, ranging from the lowest concentrations in layers from which wax material is used for comb foundations as the final product, to the highest concentrations in sedimented layer, which represents waste. The obtained results suggest that the described method could effectively eliminate a significant amount of heavy metals from the initial material used for the production of new beeswax foundations.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>arsenic</subject><subject>Arsenic - analysis</subject><subject>Bees</subject><subject>beeswax</subject><subject>cadmium</subject><subject>Cadmium - analysis</subject><subject>comb foundations</subject><subject>Croatia</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>lead</subject><subject>Lead - analysis</subject><subject>mercury</subject><subject>Mercury - analysis</subject><subject>Metals, Heavy - analysis</subject><subject>Waxes - chemistry</subject><issn>0004-1254</issn><issn>1848-6312</issn><issn>0004-1254</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU-L1TAUxYMozpvRD-BGCm5cTDU3zb-uRAZHhQE36jak6e17Gdp0TBpm-u1NfU8RwU3uJfzO4VwOIS-AvgEB4q31h6VmFGQtVc2Upo_IDjTXtWyAPSY7SimvgQl-Rs5TuqVU8Fa3T8kZU4q3TKodefhuo7eLn0OqfKhGtP1l5Ww_-TxdVjYmDN6VJfTVhNHluFZuDg7DEk-qPkcf9tVhDrh2iNW9faju4uwwpe0__3qdTcs2F3SHMI_zfn1Gngx2TPj8NC_It-sPX68-1TdfPn6-en9TOy7FUoOiDlGJVigphAXe9rIcPHRuYJraFqlogVKlQUI3NEpIdBKkbQYNSvOuuSCvj74l04-MaTGTTw7H0QacczKgG8E5B8YK-uof9HbOMZR0hWIClKRcFwqOlItzShEHcxf9ZONqgJqtFrPVYrZajFRmq6VoXp6cczdh_0fxu4cCvDsC93ZcMPa4j3kty18J_mde1CV78xPvX55R</recordid><startdate>20160901</startdate><enddate>20160901</enddate><creator>Tlak Gajger, Ivana</creator><creator>Kosanović, Marina</creator><creator>Bilandžić, Nina</creator><creator>Sedak, Marija</creator><creator>Čalopek, Bruno</creator><general>De Gruyter Open</general><general>Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BYOGL</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160901</creationdate><title>Variations in lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury concentrations during honeybee wax processing using casting technology</title><author>Tlak Gajger, Ivana ; 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Heavy metals can accumulate in these foundations for decades, as it is a common beekeeping practice to recycle wax. Beeswax samples were analysed using GFAAS for As, Cd, Pb, and Hg concentrations during the production of beeswax foundations using casting technology with a prolonged cooling and sedimentation phase. Significant differences were determined in the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb (p<0.01, all), and Hg (p<0.05) between the three levels of wax in a double-walled steel casting container and comb foundations (CF) during the processing stage. Concentrations (mg kg
) of the examined metals in comb foundations as the final product ranged as follows: As 0.01-0.88; Cd 1.26-3.55; Pb 82.5-171, and Hg 0.29-1.46. All examined element concentrations demonstrated similar distribution and ratio in different layers, ranging from the lowest concentrations in layers from which wax material is used for comb foundations as the final product, to the highest concentrations in sedimented layer, which represents waste. The obtained results suggest that the described method could effectively eliminate a significant amount of heavy metals from the initial material used for the production of new beeswax foundations.</abstract><cop>Croatia</cop><pub>De Gruyter Open</pub><pmid>27749267</pmid><doi>10.1515/aiht-2016-67-2780</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animals arsenic Arsenic - analysis Bees beeswax cadmium Cadmium - analysis comb foundations Croatia Environmental Monitoring lead Lead - analysis mercury Mercury - analysis Metals, Heavy - analysis Waxes - chemistry |
title | Variations in lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury concentrations during honeybee wax processing using casting technology |
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