Influence of temperature and humidity on the infection of wheat spikes by some fungi causing Fusarium head blight [Triticum aestivum L.]

The effect of temperature and humidity on the infection of wheat head tissues by four fungal species causing head blight (Fusarium avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale) was studied by controlled-environment experiments. Detached spikes were inoculated at flowering with a spore...

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Veröffentlicht in:Journal of plant pathology 2001-11, Vol.83 (3), p.189-198
Hauptverfasser: Rossi, V, Ravanetti, A, Pattori, E, Giosue, S. (Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza (Italy). Istituto di Entomologia e Patologia Vegetale)
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Sprache:eng
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Zusammenfassung:The effect of temperature and humidity on the infection of wheat head tissues by four fungal species causing head blight (Fusarium avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale) was studied by controlled-environment experiments. Detached spikes were inoculated at flowering with a spore suspension and incubated at different temperatures (10.0 or 35.0 deg C), wet and in a saturated atmosphere. Infection frequency of glumes after different incubation times (4 to 72 hours) was determined by re-isolation of the fungi that had been inoculated. Regression models were then elaborated and used to compare species and to define their cardinal temperatures for infection. F. avenaceum and F. graminearum showed the highest infection frequency, with optimum at 28.0 - 29.0 deg C; M. nivale and especially F. culmorum had a lower infection frequency, with optimum at 18.0 deg C and 26.5 respectively. Spikes were then inoculated at optimum temperature for each species, either in the presence or in the absence of a film of water, under different regimes of relative humidity (100% to 65%). Reduction of relative humidity during incubation increased the frequency of glumes infected by F. culmorum, whereas it created unfavourable conditions for other species [E' stato studiato l'effetto della temperatura e dell'umidita' sull'infezione dei tessuti delle spighe di frumento da parte di quattro funghi agenti della fusariosi dei cereali (Fusarium avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. culmorum, Microdochium nivale) mediante esperimenti in ambiente controllato. Spighe staccate dalla pianta sono state inoculate alla fioritura con una sospensione di spore e incubate a temperature diverse (10,0 o 35,0 gradi C, umide e in atmosfera satura. E' stata determinata la frequenza di infezione delle glume dopo tempi diversi di incubazione (da 4 a 72 ore) per mezzo di reisolamento dei funghi inoculati. Sono stati elaborati modelli di regressione, utilizzati per confrontare le specie e definirne le rispettive temperature cardinali di infezione. F. avenaceum e F. graminearum presentavano la frequenza di infezione piu' alta, con ottimo a 28,0 - 29,0 gradi C; M. nivale e specialmente F. culmorum avevano una frequenza di infezione minore, con ottimo rispettivamente a 18,0 e 26,5 gradi C. Le spighe sono state poi inoculate alla temperatura ottimale per ogni specie, sia in presenza, sia in assenza di bagnatura, a regimi diversi di umidita' relativa (da 100% a 65%). La riduzione dell'umidita' relativa
ISSN:1125-4653
2239-7264