The Interplay Between Predation, Competition, and Nutrient Levels Influences the Survival of Escherichia coli in Aquatic Environments
Nutrient levels, competition from autochthonous microorganisms, and protozoan predation may all influence survival of fecal microorganisms as they transition from the gastrointestinal tract to aquatic habitats. Although Escherichia coli is an important indicator of waterborne pathogens, the effects...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Microbial ecology 2016-10, Vol.72 (3), p.526-537 |
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| creator | Wanjugi, P. Fox, G. A. Harwood, V. J. |
| description | Nutrient levels, competition from autochthonous microorganisms, and protozoan predation may all influence survival of fecal microorganisms as they transition from the gastrointestinal tract to aquatic habitats. Although Escherichia coli is an important indicator of waterborne pathogens, the effects of environmental stressors on its survival in aquatic environments remain poorly understood. We manipulated organic nutrient, predation, and competition levels in outdoor microcosms containing natural river water, sediments, and microbial populations to determine their relative contribution to E. coli survival. The activities of predator (protozoa) and competitor (indigenous bacteria) populations were inhibited by adding cycloheximide or kanamycin. We developed a statistical model of E. coli density over time that fits with the data under all experimental conditions. Predation and competition had significant negative effects on E. coli survival, while higher nutrient levels increased survival. Among the main effects, predation accounted for the greatest variation (40 %) compared with nutrients (25 %) or competition (15 %). The highest nutrient level mitigated the effect of predation on E. coli survival. Thus, elevated organic nutrients may disproportionately enhance the survival of E. coli, and potentially that of other enteric bacteria, in aquatic habitats. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00248-016-0825-6 |
| format | Article |
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Predation and competition had significant negative effects on E. coli survival, while higher nutrient levels increased survival. Among the main effects, predation accounted for the greatest variation (40 %) compared with nutrients (25 %) or competition (15 %). The highest nutrient level mitigated the effect of predation on E. coli survival. Thus, elevated organic nutrients may disproportionately enhance the survival of E. coli, and potentially that of other enteric bacteria, in aquatic habitats.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0095-3628</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1432-184X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0825-6</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27484343</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer Science + Business Media</publisher><subject>Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology ; Aquatic environment ; Aquatic habitats ; Bacteria - drug effects ; Bacteria - growth & development ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biota ; Competition ; Cycloheximide - pharmacology ; E coli ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Environmental effects ; Environmental Microbiology ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental stress ; Escherichia coli ; Escherichia coli - drug effects ; Escherichia coli - growth & development ; Escherichia coli - physiology ; Feces - microbiology ; Fresh Water - microbiology ; Fresh Water - parasitology ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Geoecology/Natural Processes ; Geologic Sediments - microbiology ; Kanamycin - pharmacology ; Life Sciences ; Microbial Ecology ; Microbial Interactions ; Microbiology ; MICROBIOLOGY OF AQUATIC SYSTEMS ; Microorganisms ; Nature Conservation ; Nutrients ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Predatory Behavior ; Rivers ; Statistical models ; Survival ; Water Microbiology ; Water Quality/Water Pollution</subject><ispartof>Microbial ecology, 2016-10, Vol.72 (3), p.526-537</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c563t-4823a71aee3ea8fc5d8a55c568a570a1b87a5d03eed30fdeff7665e03a1e665f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c563t-4823a71aee3ea8fc5d8a55c568a570a1b87a5d03eed30fdeff7665e03a1e665f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/48723239$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/48723239$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,803,27924,27925,41488,42557,51319,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27484343$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wanjugi, P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fox, G. A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Harwood, V. J.</creatorcontrib><title>The Interplay Between Predation, Competition, and Nutrient Levels Influences the Survival of Escherichia coli in Aquatic Environments</title><title>Microbial ecology</title><addtitle>Microb Ecol</addtitle><addtitle>Microb Ecol</addtitle><description>Nutrient levels, competition from autochthonous microorganisms, and protozoan predation may all influence survival of fecal microorganisms as they transition from the gastrointestinal tract to aquatic habitats. Although Escherichia coli is an important indicator of waterborne pathogens, the effects of environmental stressors on its survival in aquatic environments remain poorly understood. We manipulated organic nutrient, predation, and competition levels in outdoor microcosms containing natural river water, sediments, and microbial populations to determine their relative contribution to E. coli survival. The activities of predator (protozoa) and competitor (indigenous bacteria) populations were inhibited by adding cycloheximide or kanamycin. We developed a statistical model of E. coli density over time that fits with the data under all experimental conditions. Predation and competition had significant negative effects on E. coli survival, while higher nutrient levels increased survival. Among the main effects, predation accounted for the greatest variation (40 %) compared with nutrients (25 %) or competition (15 %). The highest nutrient level mitigated the effect of predation on E. coli survival. Thus, elevated organic nutrients may disproportionately enhance the survival of E. coli, and potentially that of other enteric bacteria, in aquatic habitats.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Aquatic environment</subject><subject>Aquatic habitats</subject><subject>Bacteria - drug effects</subject><subject>Bacteria - growth & development</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biota</subject><subject>Competition</subject><subject>Cycloheximide - pharmacology</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Ecology</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Environmental effects</subject><subject>Environmental Microbiology</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental stress</subject><subject>Escherichia coli</subject><subject>Escherichia coli - drug effects</subject><subject>Escherichia coli - growth & development</subject><subject>Escherichia coli - physiology</subject><subject>Feces - microbiology</subject><subject>Fresh Water - microbiology</subject><subject>Fresh Water - parasitology</subject><subject>Gastrointestinal tract</subject><subject>Geoecology/Natural Processes</subject><subject>Geologic Sediments - microbiology</subject><subject>Kanamycin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Microbial Ecology</subject><subject>Microbial Interactions</subject><subject>Microbiology</subject><subject>MICROBIOLOGY OF AQUATIC SYSTEMS</subject><subject>Microorganisms</subject><subject>Nature Conservation</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Nutritional Physiological Phenomena</subject><subject>Predatory Behavior</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Statistical models</subject><subject>Survival</subject><subject>Water Microbiology</subject><subject>Water Quality/Water Pollution</subject><issn>0095-3628</issn><issn>1432-184X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkd1qFDEYhoModrt6AR4oAU88cDQ_k585rMvWFhYVrODZkM58cbPMJNsks9IL8L6bMm2RHohHSfie9wnJi9ArSj5QQtTHRAirdUWorIhmopJP0ILWnFVU1z-fogUhjai4ZPoIHae0I4QqyfhzdMRUrWte8wX6c7EFfO4zxP1grvEnyL8BPP4WoTfZBf8er8K4h-zmg_E9_jLl6MBnvIEDDKmk7TCB7yDhXGTfp3hwBzPgYPE6dVuIrts6g7swOOw8PrmairnDa39wMfixmNIL9MyaIcHLu3WJfpyuL1Zn1ebr5_PVyabqhOS5qjXjRlEDwMFo24leGyHKrCyKGHqplRE94QA9J7YHa5WUAgg3FMrG8iV6N3v3MVxNkHI7utTBMBgPYUot1Uw1nFGq_gclkjBe_nuJ3j5Cd2GKvjykULShWomGFYrOVBdDShFsu49uNPG6paS9rbOd62xLne1tna0smTd35ulyhP4hcd9fAdgMpDLyvyD-dfU_rK_n0C7lEB-ktVaMM97wG53ktTg</recordid><startdate>20161001</startdate><enddate>20161001</enddate><creator>Wanjugi, P.</creator><creator>Fox, G. 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A.</au><au>Harwood, V. J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Interplay Between Predation, Competition, and Nutrient Levels Influences the Survival of Escherichia coli in Aquatic Environments</atitle><jtitle>Microbial ecology</jtitle><stitle>Microb Ecol</stitle><addtitle>Microb Ecol</addtitle><date>2016-10-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>72</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>526</spage><epage>537</epage><pages>526-537</pages><issn>0095-3628</issn><eissn>1432-184X</eissn><abstract>Nutrient levels, competition from autochthonous microorganisms, and protozoan predation may all influence survival of fecal microorganisms as they transition from the gastrointestinal tract to aquatic habitats. Although Escherichia coli is an important indicator of waterborne pathogens, the effects of environmental stressors on its survival in aquatic environments remain poorly understood. We manipulated organic nutrient, predation, and competition levels in outdoor microcosms containing natural river water, sediments, and microbial populations to determine their relative contribution to E. coli survival. The activities of predator (protozoa) and competitor (indigenous bacteria) populations were inhibited by adding cycloheximide or kanamycin. We developed a statistical model of E. coli density over time that fits with the data under all experimental conditions. Predation and competition had significant negative effects on E. coli survival, while higher nutrient levels increased survival. Among the main effects, predation accounted for the greatest variation (40 %) compared with nutrients (25 %) or competition (15 %). The highest nutrient level mitigated the effect of predation on E. coli survival. Thus, elevated organic nutrients may disproportionately enhance the survival of E. coli, and potentially that of other enteric bacteria, in aquatic habitats.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer Science + Business Media</pub><pmid>27484343</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00248-016-0825-6</doi><tpages>12</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Aquatic environment Aquatic habitats Bacteria - drug effects Bacteria - growth & development Biomedical and Life Sciences Biota Competition Cycloheximide - pharmacology E coli Ecology Ecosystem Environmental effects Environmental Microbiology Environmental Monitoring Environmental stress Escherichia coli Escherichia coli - drug effects Escherichia coli - growth & development Escherichia coli - physiology Feces - microbiology Fresh Water - microbiology Fresh Water - parasitology Gastrointestinal tract Geoecology/Natural Processes Geologic Sediments - microbiology Kanamycin - pharmacology Life Sciences Microbial Ecology Microbial Interactions Microbiology MICROBIOLOGY OF AQUATIC SYSTEMS Microorganisms Nature Conservation Nutrients Nutritional Physiological Phenomena Predatory Behavior Rivers Statistical models Survival Water Microbiology Water Quality/Water Pollution |
| title | The Interplay Between Predation, Competition, and Nutrient Levels Influences the Survival of Escherichia coli in Aquatic Environments |
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