Toxicity Testing of Silver Nanoparticles in Artificial and Natural Sediments Using the Benthic Organism Lumbriculus variegatus

The increased use of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in industrial and consumer products worldwide has resulted in their release to aquatic environments. Previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of AgNP on pelagic species, whereas few studies have assessed the risks to benthic invertebrates d...

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Veröffentlicht in:Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 2016-10, Vol.71 (3), p.405-414
Hauptverfasser: Rajala, Juho Elias, Mäenpää, Kimmo, Vehniäinen, Eeva-Riikka, Väisänen, Ari, Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck James, Akkanen, Jarkko, Kukkonen, Jussi Vilho Kalevi
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container_issue 3
container_start_page 405
container_title Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology
container_volume 71
creator Rajala, Juho Elias
Mäenpää, Kimmo
Vehniäinen, Eeva-Riikka
Väisänen, Ari
Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck James
Akkanen, Jarkko
Kukkonen, Jussi Vilho Kalevi
description The increased use of silver nanoparticles (AgNP) in industrial and consumer products worldwide has resulted in their release to aquatic environments. Previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of AgNP on pelagic species, whereas few studies have assessed the risks to benthic invertebrates despite the fact that the sediments act as a large potential sink for NPs. In this study, the toxicity of sediment-associated AgNP was evaluated using the standard sediment toxicity test for chemicals provided by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development. The freshwater benthic oligochaete worm Lumbriculus variegatus was exposed to sediment-associated AgNP in artificial and natural sediments at concentrations ranging from 91 to 1098 mg Ag/kg sediment dry weight. Silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) was used as a reference compound for Ag toxicity. The measured end points of toxicity were mortality, reproduction, and total biomass. In addition, the impact of sediment-associated AgNP on the feeding rate of L. variegatus was studied in a similar test set-up as mentioned previously. The addition of AgNP into the sediment significantly affected the feeding rate and reproduction of the test species only at the highest concentration (1098 mg/kg) of Ag in the natural sediment with the lowest pH. In comparison, the addition of AgNO 3 resulted in reproductive toxicity in every tested sediment, and Ag was more toxic when spiked as AgNO 3 than AgNP. In general, sediments were observed to have a high capacity to eliminate the AgNP-derived toxicity. However, the capacity of sediments to eliminate the toxicity of Ag follows a different pattern when spiked as AgNP than AgNO 3. The results of this study emphasize the importance of sediment-toxicity testing and the role of sediment properties when evaluating the environmental effects and behavior of AgNP in sediments.
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The addition of AgNP into the sediment significantly affected the feeding rate and reproduction of the test species only at the highest concentration (1098 mg/kg) of Ag in the natural sediment with the lowest pH. In comparison, the addition of AgNO 3 resulted in reproductive toxicity in every tested sediment, and Ag was more toxic when spiked as AgNO 3 than AgNP. In general, sediments were observed to have a high capacity to eliminate the AgNP-derived toxicity. However, the capacity of sediments to eliminate the toxicity of Ag follows a different pattern when spiked as AgNP than AgNO 3. 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ispartof Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 2016-10, Vol.71 (3), p.405-414
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source MEDLINE; SpringerNature Journals
subjects Animals
Aquatic ecosystems
Aquatic environment
Benthic fauna
Carbon
Consumer products
Contaminated sediments
Earth and Environmental Science
Ecotoxicology
Environment
Environmental Chemistry
Environmental effects
Environmental Health
Feeding rates
Geologic Sediments - chemistry
Lumbriculus variegatus
Metal Nanoparticles - toxicity
Monitoring/Environmental Analysis
Mortality
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles
Oligochaeta
Oligochaeta - physiology
Organic chemicals
Organisms
Oxidative stress
Pollution
Risk assessment
Sediments
Silver
Silver - toxicity
Soil Science & Conservation
Soil testing
Statistical analysis
Toxicity
Toxicity testing
Toxicity Tests
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
title Toxicity Testing of Silver Nanoparticles in Artificial and Natural Sediments Using the Benthic Organism Lumbriculus variegatus
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