Bromide Sources and Loads in Swiss Surface Waters and Their Relevance for Bromate Formation during Wastewater Ozonation
Bromide measurements and mass balances in the catchments of major Swiss rivers revealed that chemical industry and municipal waste incinerators are the most important bromide sources and account for ∼50% and ∼20%, respectively, of the ∼2000 tons of bromide discharged in the Rhine river in 2014 in Sw...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental science & technology 2016-09, Vol.50 (18), p.9825-9834 |
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| creator | Soltermann, Fabian Abegglen, Christian Götz, Christian von Gunten, Urs |
| description | Bromide measurements and mass balances in the catchments of major Swiss rivers revealed that chemical industry and municipal waste incinerators are the most important bromide sources and account for ∼50% and ∼20%, respectively, of the ∼2000 tons of bromide discharged in the Rhine river in 2014 in Switzerland. About 100 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) will upgrade their treatment for micropollutant abatement in the future to comply with Swiss regulations. An upgrade with ozonation may lead to unintended bromate formation in bromide-containing wastewaters. Measured bromide concentrations were |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1021/acs.est.6b01142 |
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About 100 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) will upgrade their treatment for micropollutant abatement in the future to comply with Swiss regulations. An upgrade with ozonation may lead to unintended bromate formation in bromide-containing wastewaters. Measured bromide concentrations were <0.05 mg L–1 in ∼75% of 69 WWTPs, while they ranged from 0.4 to ∼50 mg L–1 in WWTPs with specific bromide sources (e.g., municipal waste incinerators, landfill leachate, and chemical industry). Wastewater ozonation formed little bromate at specific ozone doses of ≤0.4 mg O3/mg DOC, while the bromate yields were almost linearly correlated to the specific ozone dose for higher ozone doses. Molar bromate yields for typical specific ozone doses in wastewater treatment (0.4–0.6 mg O3/mg DOC) are ≤3%. In a modeled extreme scenario (in which all upgraded WWTPs release 10 μg L–1 of bromate), bromate concentrations increased by <0.4 μg L–1 in major Swiss rivers and by several micrograms per liter in receiving water bodies with a high fraction of municipal wastewater.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0013-936X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1520-5851</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01142</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27525579</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ESTHAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Chemical Society</publisher><subject>Analytical chemistry ; Bromates ; Bromides ; Chemical industry ; Environmental regulations ; Incinerators ; Ozone ; Rivers ; Waste Disposal, Fluid ; Waste Water ; Water ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Water Purification ; Water treatment ; Water treatment plants</subject><ispartof>Environmental science & technology, 2016-09, Vol.50 (18), p.9825-9834</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2016 American Chemical Society</rights><rights>Copyright American Chemical Society Sep 20, 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a431t-13a6b210c95b9680d914fe0457902b8003644acc6e68f19e887be5a188baacdc3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a431t-13a6b210c95b9680d914fe0457902b8003644acc6e68f19e887be5a188baacdc3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.6b01142$$EPDF$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.6b01142$$EHTML$$P50$$Gacs$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,780,784,2765,27076,27924,27925,56738,56788</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27525579$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Soltermann, Fabian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abegglen, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Götz, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>von Gunten, Urs</creatorcontrib><title>Bromide Sources and Loads in Swiss Surface Waters and Their Relevance for Bromate Formation during Wastewater Ozonation</title><title>Environmental science & technology</title><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><description>Bromide measurements and mass balances in the catchments of major Swiss rivers revealed that chemical industry and municipal waste incinerators are the most important bromide sources and account for ∼50% and ∼20%, respectively, of the ∼2000 tons of bromide discharged in the Rhine river in 2014 in Switzerland. About 100 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) will upgrade their treatment for micropollutant abatement in the future to comply with Swiss regulations. An upgrade with ozonation may lead to unintended bromate formation in bromide-containing wastewaters. Measured bromide concentrations were <0.05 mg L–1 in ∼75% of 69 WWTPs, while they ranged from 0.4 to ∼50 mg L–1 in WWTPs with specific bromide sources (e.g., municipal waste incinerators, landfill leachate, and chemical industry). Wastewater ozonation formed little bromate at specific ozone doses of ≤0.4 mg O3/mg DOC, while the bromate yields were almost linearly correlated to the specific ozone dose for higher ozone doses. Molar bromate yields for typical specific ozone doses in wastewater treatment (0.4–0.6 mg O3/mg DOC) are ≤3%. In a modeled extreme scenario (in which all upgraded WWTPs release 10 μg L–1 of bromate), bromate concentrations increased by <0.4 μg L–1 in major Swiss rivers and by several micrograms per liter in receiving water bodies with a high fraction of municipal wastewater.</description><subject>Analytical chemistry</subject><subject>Bromates</subject><subject>Bromides</subject><subject>Chemical industry</subject><subject>Environmental regulations</subject><subject>Incinerators</subject><subject>Ozone</subject><subject>Rivers</subject><subject>Waste Disposal, Fluid</subject><subject>Waste Water</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Water Pollutants, Chemical</subject><subject>Water Purification</subject><subject>Water treatment</subject><subject>Water treatment plants</subject><issn>0013-936X</issn><issn>1520-5851</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc1rGzEQxUVJqd20596KIJdAWWdGK2m1x8Y0ScEQqF3a26LVzjYb7FUqeWuSvz7a2G2gUOhpDvN7bz4eY-8QZggCz6yLM4rbma4BUYoXbIpKQKaMwiM2BcA8K3P9fcJex3gLACIH84pNRKGEUkU5Zbvz4DddQ3zph-Aocts3fOFtE3nX8-Wui5Evh9BaR_yb3VLYE6sb6gL_Qmv6ZfvUan3go1Mi-IUPqXa-580Quv5H0sUt7UYxv37w_VPvDXvZ2nWkt4d6zL5efFrNr7LF9eXn-cdFZmWO2wxzq2uB4EpVl9pAU6JsCWTaHURtAHItpXVOkzYtlmRMUZOyaExtrWtcfsxO9753wf8c0quqTRcdrde2Jz_ECo0ojEFZiP9BBaJCrRJ68hd6m97Xp0NGSkklpYZEne0pF3yMgdrqLnQbG-4rhGqMr0rxVaP6EF9SvD_4DvWGmj_877wS8GEPjMrnmf-wewRpXKUs</recordid><startdate>20160920</startdate><enddate>20160920</enddate><creator>Soltermann, Fabian</creator><creator>Abegglen, Christian</creator><creator>Götz, Christian</creator><creator>von Gunten, Urs</creator><general>American Chemical Society</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7TV</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160920</creationdate><title>Bromide Sources and Loads in Swiss Surface Waters and Their Relevance for Bromate Formation during Wastewater Ozonation</title><author>Soltermann, Fabian ; Abegglen, Christian ; Götz, Christian ; von Gunten, Urs</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a431t-13a6b210c95b9680d914fe0457902b8003644acc6e68f19e887be5a188baacdc3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Analytical chemistry</topic><topic>Bromates</topic><topic>Bromides</topic><topic>Chemical industry</topic><topic>Environmental regulations</topic><topic>Incinerators</topic><topic>Ozone</topic><topic>Rivers</topic><topic>Waste Disposal, Fluid</topic><topic>Waste Water</topic><topic>Water</topic><topic>Water Pollutants, Chemical</topic><topic>Water Purification</topic><topic>Water treatment</topic><topic>Water treatment plants</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Soltermann, Fabian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abegglen, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Götz, Christian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>von Gunten, Urs</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Pollution Abstracts</collection><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Soltermann, Fabian</au><au>Abegglen, Christian</au><au>Götz, Christian</au><au>von Gunten, Urs</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Bromide Sources and Loads in Swiss Surface Waters and Their Relevance for Bromate Formation during Wastewater Ozonation</atitle><jtitle>Environmental science & technology</jtitle><addtitle>Environ. Sci. Technol</addtitle><date>2016-09-20</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>50</volume><issue>18</issue><spage>9825</spage><epage>9834</epage><pages>9825-9834</pages><issn>0013-936X</issn><eissn>1520-5851</eissn><coden>ESTHAG</coden><abstract>Bromide measurements and mass balances in the catchments of major Swiss rivers revealed that chemical industry and municipal waste incinerators are the most important bromide sources and account for ∼50% and ∼20%, respectively, of the ∼2000 tons of bromide discharged in the Rhine river in 2014 in Switzerland. About 100 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) will upgrade their treatment for micropollutant abatement in the future to comply with Swiss regulations. An upgrade with ozonation may lead to unintended bromate formation in bromide-containing wastewaters. Measured bromide concentrations were <0.05 mg L–1 in ∼75% of 69 WWTPs, while they ranged from 0.4 to ∼50 mg L–1 in WWTPs with specific bromide sources (e.g., municipal waste incinerators, landfill leachate, and chemical industry). Wastewater ozonation formed little bromate at specific ozone doses of ≤0.4 mg O3/mg DOC, while the bromate yields were almost linearly correlated to the specific ozone dose for higher ozone doses. Molar bromate yields for typical specific ozone doses in wastewater treatment (0.4–0.6 mg O3/mg DOC) are ≤3%. In a modeled extreme scenario (in which all upgraded WWTPs release 10 μg L–1 of bromate), bromate concentrations increased by <0.4 μg L–1 in major Swiss rivers and by several micrograms per liter in receiving water bodies with a high fraction of municipal wastewater.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Chemical Society</pub><pmid>27525579</pmid><doi>10.1021/acs.est.6b01142</doi><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Analytical chemistry Bromates Bromides Chemical industry Environmental regulations Incinerators Ozone Rivers Waste Disposal, Fluid Waste Water Water Water Pollutants, Chemical Water Purification Water treatment Water treatment plants |
| title | Bromide Sources and Loads in Swiss Surface Waters and Their Relevance for Bromate Formation during Wastewater Ozonation |
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