Tomographic Pharyngeal Dimensions in Individuals with Unilateral Cleft Lip/Palate and Class III Malocclusion are Reduced When Compared with Controls
Objective The objective of this study was to three-dimensionally evaluate the pharyngeal dimensions of individuals with complete nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) using cone beam computed tomography. Design This was a cross-sectional prospective study. Setting The study took place...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal 2017-09, Vol.54 (5), p.502-508 |
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| container_title | The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal |
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| creator | Ivy Kiemle, Trindade-Suedam Thiago, Freire Lima Letícia, Dominguez Campos Renato Yassutaka, Faria Yaedú Hugo Nary, Filho Inge Elly, Kiemle Trindade |
| description | Objective
The objective of this study was to three-dimensionally evaluate the pharyngeal dimensions of individuals with complete nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) using cone beam computed tomography.
Design
This was a cross-sectional prospective study.
Setting
The study took place at the Laboratory of Physiology, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil.
Patients and Participants
The control group (CON) consisted of 23 noncleft adults with class III malocclusion, and the cleft group (UCLP) consisted of 22 individuals with UCLP and class III malocclusion. Two subgroups of individuals with class III malocclusion as a result of maxillary retrusion with (UCLP'; n = 19) and without (CON'; n = 8) clefts were also assessed.
Interventions
Pharyngeal volume, pharyngeal minimal cross-sectional area (CSA), location of CSA, pharyngeal length, sella-nasion-A point angle (SNA), sella-nasion-B point angle (SNB), and A point-nasion-B point angle (ANB), and body mass index were assessed using Dolphin software.
Main Outcome Measure
The pharyngeal dimensions of UCLP individuals are smaller when compared with controls.
Results
Mean pharyngeal volume (standard deviation) for the UCLP patients (20.8 [3.9] cm3) and the UCLP’ patients (20.3 [3.9] cm3) were significantly decreased when compared with the CON (28.2 [10.0] cm3) and CON’ patients (29.1 [10.2] cm3), respectively. No differences were found in the pharyngeal minimal CSA, ANB, or pharyngeal length values between groups (CON versus UCLP and CON’ versus UCLP'). CSAs were located mostly at the oropharynx, except in the UCLP’ patients, which were mainly at the hypopharynx. Mean SNA in the UCLP (76.4° [4.6°]) and UCLP’ groups (75.1 [3.1°]) were significantly smaller than those in the CON (82.8° [4.1°]) and CON’ groups (78.6° [1.2°]). SNB values were statistically smaller only for the comparison of CON versus UCLP patients.
Conclusion
The pharynx of individuals with UCLP and class III malocclusion is volumetrically smaller than that of individuals with class III malocclusion and no clefts. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1597/15-124 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_cross</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1826677610</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sage_id>10.1597_15-124</sage_id><sourcerecordid>1826677610</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c335t-b35c56f2605b0edd89d67975f413b7d49491a46c8e4e2b8cc67c16dc0776e9ab3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkW9r1TAUxoM43Jz6ESQgiG_qkjZJm5fSOS3c4ZANX5Y0Ob03I01q0ir7Hn5gc7nb_PPmnMPDj-cJeRB6Rcl7ymV9RnlBS_YEnVDO8smFfJpvwnkhBBfH6HlKt4SUnJbNM3Rc1pQ1opIn6Nd1mMI2qnlnNb7aqXjnt6AcPrcT-GSDT9h63Hljf1izKpfwT7vs8I23Ti0QM9k6GBe8sfPZldprWHmTRZUS7roOXyoXtHbr3gurCPgrmFWDwd924HEbpjmL5uDaBr_E4NILdDTmKHh5v0_RzcXH6_ZzsfnyqWs_bApdVXwphoprLsZSED4QMKaRRtSy5iOj1VAbJpmkigndAINyaLQWtabCaFLXAqQaqlP07uA7x_B9hbT0k00anFMewpp62pRCZJiSjL75D70Na_T5dT2VpRSSE1Zl6u2B0jGkFGHs52in_Kk9Jf2-pzz63FMGX9_brcME5hF7KOZPXlJb-CvrX5vf0fKYiA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Aggregation Database</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1929695043</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Tomographic Pharyngeal Dimensions in Individuals with Unilateral Cleft Lip/Palate and Class III Malocclusion are Reduced When Compared with Controls</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>SAGE Complete</source><creator>Ivy Kiemle, Trindade-Suedam ; Thiago, Freire Lima ; Letícia, Dominguez Campos ; Renato Yassutaka, Faria Yaedú ; Hugo Nary, Filho ; Inge Elly, Kiemle Trindade</creator><creatorcontrib>Ivy Kiemle, Trindade-Suedam ; Thiago, Freire Lima ; Letícia, Dominguez Campos ; Renato Yassutaka, Faria Yaedú ; Hugo Nary, Filho ; Inge Elly, Kiemle Trindade</creatorcontrib><description>Objective
The objective of this study was to three-dimensionally evaluate the pharyngeal dimensions of individuals with complete nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) using cone beam computed tomography.
Design
This was a cross-sectional prospective study.
Setting
The study took place at the Laboratory of Physiology, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil.
Patients and Participants
The control group (CON) consisted of 23 noncleft adults with class III malocclusion, and the cleft group (UCLP) consisted of 22 individuals with UCLP and class III malocclusion. Two subgroups of individuals with class III malocclusion as a result of maxillary retrusion with (UCLP'; n = 19) and without (CON'; n = 8) clefts were also assessed.
Interventions
Pharyngeal volume, pharyngeal minimal cross-sectional area (CSA), location of CSA, pharyngeal length, sella-nasion-A point angle (SNA), sella-nasion-B point angle (SNB), and A point-nasion-B point angle (ANB), and body mass index were assessed using Dolphin software.
Main Outcome Measure
The pharyngeal dimensions of UCLP individuals are smaller when compared with controls.
Results
Mean pharyngeal volume (standard deviation) for the UCLP patients (20.8 [3.9] cm3) and the UCLP’ patients (20.3 [3.9] cm3) were significantly decreased when compared with the CON (28.2 [10.0] cm3) and CON’ patients (29.1 [10.2] cm3), respectively. No differences were found in the pharyngeal minimal CSA, ANB, or pharyngeal length values between groups (CON versus UCLP and CON’ versus UCLP'). CSAs were located mostly at the oropharynx, except in the UCLP’ patients, which were mainly at the hypopharynx. Mean SNA in the UCLP (76.4° [4.6°]) and UCLP’ groups (75.1 [3.1°]) were significantly smaller than those in the CON (82.8° [4.1°]) and CON’ groups (78.6° [1.2°]). SNB values were statistically smaller only for the comparison of CON versus UCLP patients.
Conclusion
The pharynx of individuals with UCLP and class III malocclusion is volumetrically smaller than that of individuals with class III malocclusion and no clefts.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1055-6656</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1545-1569</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1597/15-124</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27148639</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Birth defects ; Body mass index ; Cleft Lip - diagnostic imaging ; Cleft Palate - diagnostic imaging ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dental occlusion ; Dentistry ; Dimensional analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Hypotheses ; Male ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III - diagnostic imaging ; Medical imaging ; Middle Aged ; Pharynx - anatomy & histology ; Pharynx - diagnostic imaging ; Plastic surgery ; Prospective Studies ; Sleep apnea ; Studies ; Tomography</subject><ispartof>The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal, 2017-09, Vol.54 (5), p.502-508</ispartof><rights>2017 American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association</rights><rights>Copyright Allen Press Publishing Services Sep 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c335t-b35c56f2605b0edd89d67975f413b7d49491a46c8e4e2b8cc67c16dc0776e9ab3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c335t-b35c56f2605b0edd89d67975f413b7d49491a46c8e4e2b8cc67c16dc0776e9ab3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1597/15-124$$EPDF$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1597/15-124$$EHTML$$P50$$Gsage$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>314,776,780,21798,27901,27902,43597,43598</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27148639$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ivy Kiemle, Trindade-Suedam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thiago, Freire Lima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Letícia, Dominguez Campos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Renato Yassutaka, Faria Yaedú</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hugo Nary, Filho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inge Elly, Kiemle Trindade</creatorcontrib><title>Tomographic Pharyngeal Dimensions in Individuals with Unilateral Cleft Lip/Palate and Class III Malocclusion are Reduced When Compared with Controls</title><title>The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal</title><addtitle>Cleft Palate Craniofac J</addtitle><description>Objective
The objective of this study was to three-dimensionally evaluate the pharyngeal dimensions of individuals with complete nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) using cone beam computed tomography.
Design
This was a cross-sectional prospective study.
Setting
The study took place at the Laboratory of Physiology, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil.
Patients and Participants
The control group (CON) consisted of 23 noncleft adults with class III malocclusion, and the cleft group (UCLP) consisted of 22 individuals with UCLP and class III malocclusion. Two subgroups of individuals with class III malocclusion as a result of maxillary retrusion with (UCLP'; n = 19) and without (CON'; n = 8) clefts were also assessed.
Interventions
Pharyngeal volume, pharyngeal minimal cross-sectional area (CSA), location of CSA, pharyngeal length, sella-nasion-A point angle (SNA), sella-nasion-B point angle (SNB), and A point-nasion-B point angle (ANB), and body mass index were assessed using Dolphin software.
Main Outcome Measure
The pharyngeal dimensions of UCLP individuals are smaller when compared with controls.
Results
Mean pharyngeal volume (standard deviation) for the UCLP patients (20.8 [3.9] cm3) and the UCLP’ patients (20.3 [3.9] cm3) were significantly decreased when compared with the CON (28.2 [10.0] cm3) and CON’ patients (29.1 [10.2] cm3), respectively. No differences were found in the pharyngeal minimal CSA, ANB, or pharyngeal length values between groups (CON versus UCLP and CON’ versus UCLP'). CSAs were located mostly at the oropharynx, except in the UCLP’ patients, which were mainly at the hypopharynx. Mean SNA in the UCLP (76.4° [4.6°]) and UCLP’ groups (75.1 [3.1°]) were significantly smaller than those in the CON (82.8° [4.1°]) and CON’ groups (78.6° [1.2°]). SNB values were statistically smaller only for the comparison of CON versus UCLP patients.
Conclusion
The pharynx of individuals with UCLP and class III malocclusion is volumetrically smaller than that of individuals with class III malocclusion and no clefts.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Birth defects</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Cleft Lip - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Cleft Palate - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Cone-Beam Computed Tomography</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Dental occlusion</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Dimensional analysis</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Malocclusion, Angle Class III - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Pharynx - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Pharynx - diagnostic imaging</subject><subject>Plastic surgery</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Sleep apnea</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Tomography</subject><issn>1055-6656</issn><issn>1545-1569</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkW9r1TAUxoM43Jz6ESQgiG_qkjZJm5fSOS3c4ZANX5Y0Ob03I01q0ir7Hn5gc7nb_PPmnMPDj-cJeRB6Rcl7ymV9RnlBS_YEnVDO8smFfJpvwnkhBBfH6HlKt4SUnJbNM3Rc1pQ1opIn6Nd1mMI2qnlnNb7aqXjnt6AcPrcT-GSDT9h63Hljf1izKpfwT7vs8I23Ti0QM9k6GBe8sfPZldprWHmTRZUS7roOXyoXtHbr3gurCPgrmFWDwd924HEbpjmL5uDaBr_E4NILdDTmKHh5v0_RzcXH6_ZzsfnyqWs_bApdVXwphoprLsZSED4QMKaRRtSy5iOj1VAbJpmkigndAINyaLQWtabCaFLXAqQaqlP07uA7x_B9hbT0k00anFMewpp62pRCZJiSjL75D70Na_T5dT2VpRSSE1Zl6u2B0jGkFGHs52in_Kk9Jf2-pzz63FMGX9_brcME5hF7KOZPXlJb-CvrX5vf0fKYiA</recordid><startdate>201709</startdate><enddate>201709</enddate><creator>Ivy Kiemle, Trindade-Suedam</creator><creator>Thiago, Freire Lima</creator><creator>Letícia, Dominguez Campos</creator><creator>Renato Yassutaka, Faria Yaedú</creator><creator>Hugo Nary, Filho</creator><creator>Inge Elly, Kiemle Trindade</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FQ</scope><scope>8FV</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M3G</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201709</creationdate><title>Tomographic Pharyngeal Dimensions in Individuals with Unilateral Cleft Lip/Palate and Class III Malocclusion are Reduced When Compared with Controls</title><author>Ivy Kiemle, Trindade-Suedam ; Thiago, Freire Lima ; Letícia, Dominguez Campos ; Renato Yassutaka, Faria Yaedú ; Hugo Nary, Filho ; Inge Elly, Kiemle Trindade</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c335t-b35c56f2605b0edd89d67975f413b7d49491a46c8e4e2b8cc67c16dc0776e9ab3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Birth defects</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Cleft Lip - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Cleft Palate - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Cone-Beam Computed Tomography</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Dental occlusion</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Dimensional analysis</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypotheses</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Malocclusion, Angle Class III - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Medical imaging</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Pharynx - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Pharynx - diagnostic imaging</topic><topic>Plastic surgery</topic><topic>Prospective Studies</topic><topic>Sleep apnea</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Tomography</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ivy Kiemle, Trindade-Suedam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Thiago, Freire Lima</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Letícia, Dominguez Campos</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Renato Yassutaka, Faria Yaedú</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hugo Nary, Filho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inge Elly, Kiemle Trindade</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database</collection><collection>Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>CBCA Reference & Current Events</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><jtitle>The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ivy Kiemle, Trindade-Suedam</au><au>Thiago, Freire Lima</au><au>Letícia, Dominguez Campos</au><au>Renato Yassutaka, Faria Yaedú</au><au>Hugo Nary, Filho</au><au>Inge Elly, Kiemle Trindade</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tomographic Pharyngeal Dimensions in Individuals with Unilateral Cleft Lip/Palate and Class III Malocclusion are Reduced When Compared with Controls</atitle><jtitle>The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal</jtitle><addtitle>Cleft Palate Craniofac J</addtitle><date>2017-09</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>54</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>502</spage><epage>508</epage><pages>502-508</pages><issn>1055-6656</issn><eissn>1545-1569</eissn><abstract>Objective
The objective of this study was to three-dimensionally evaluate the pharyngeal dimensions of individuals with complete nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) using cone beam computed tomography.
Design
This was a cross-sectional prospective study.
Setting
The study took place at the Laboratory of Physiology, Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil.
Patients and Participants
The control group (CON) consisted of 23 noncleft adults with class III malocclusion, and the cleft group (UCLP) consisted of 22 individuals with UCLP and class III malocclusion. Two subgroups of individuals with class III malocclusion as a result of maxillary retrusion with (UCLP'; n = 19) and without (CON'; n = 8) clefts were also assessed.
Interventions
Pharyngeal volume, pharyngeal minimal cross-sectional area (CSA), location of CSA, pharyngeal length, sella-nasion-A point angle (SNA), sella-nasion-B point angle (SNB), and A point-nasion-B point angle (ANB), and body mass index were assessed using Dolphin software.
Main Outcome Measure
The pharyngeal dimensions of UCLP individuals are smaller when compared with controls.
Results
Mean pharyngeal volume (standard deviation) for the UCLP patients (20.8 [3.9] cm3) and the UCLP’ patients (20.3 [3.9] cm3) were significantly decreased when compared with the CON (28.2 [10.0] cm3) and CON’ patients (29.1 [10.2] cm3), respectively. No differences were found in the pharyngeal minimal CSA, ANB, or pharyngeal length values between groups (CON versus UCLP and CON’ versus UCLP'). CSAs were located mostly at the oropharynx, except in the UCLP’ patients, which were mainly at the hypopharynx. Mean SNA in the UCLP (76.4° [4.6°]) and UCLP’ groups (75.1 [3.1°]) were significantly smaller than those in the CON (82.8° [4.1°]) and CON’ groups (78.6° [1.2°]). SNB values were statistically smaller only for the comparison of CON versus UCLP patients.
Conclusion
The pharynx of individuals with UCLP and class III malocclusion is volumetrically smaller than that of individuals with class III malocclusion and no clefts.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>27148639</pmid><doi>10.1597/15-124</doi><tpages>7</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1055-6656 |
| ispartof | The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal, 2017-09, Vol.54 (5), p.502-508 |
| issn | 1055-6656 1545-1569 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_proquest_miscellaneous_1826677610 |
| source | MEDLINE; SAGE Complete |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Birth defects Body mass index Cleft Lip - diagnostic imaging Cleft Palate - diagnostic imaging Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Cross-Sectional Studies Dental occlusion Dentistry Dimensional analysis Female Humans Hypotheses Male Malocclusion, Angle Class III - diagnostic imaging Medical imaging Middle Aged Pharynx - anatomy & histology Pharynx - diagnostic imaging Plastic surgery Prospective Studies Sleep apnea Studies Tomography |
| title | Tomographic Pharyngeal Dimensions in Individuals with Unilateral Cleft Lip/Palate and Class III Malocclusion are Reduced When Compared with Controls |
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